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Chemistry Notes

1. Chemistry is the study of matter and its changes. It deals with concepts that are integral to modern applications in health, energy, materials, food, and more. 2. The scientific method is used in engineering sciences to systematically study problems through experiments, data collection, analysis, and conclusions. It involves defining problems, testing hypotheses through experiments, collecting and interpreting data, and summarizing results. 3. Chemistry can be divided into branches including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry. These study carbon compounds, non-carbon compounds, physical behavior and changes of matter, analysis of substance composition, and biological processes, respectively.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
35 views1 page

Chemistry Notes

1. Chemistry is the study of matter and its changes. It deals with concepts that are integral to modern applications in health, energy, materials, food, and more. 2. The scientific method is used in engineering sciences to systematically study problems through experiments, data collection, analysis, and conclusions. It involves defining problems, testing hypotheses through experiments, collecting and interpreting data, and summarizing results. 3. Chemistry can be divided into branches including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry. These study carbon compounds, non-carbon compounds, physical behavior and changes of matter, analysis of substance composition, and biological processes, respectively.

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Richard Duga
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GENERAL ENGINEERING SCIENCES

EXCEL REVIEW CENTER


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Chemistry Part 1
What is Chemistry? The Scientific Method
are based on them (e.g. Big Bang
Theory). Theories can be proved or
Chemistry is the branch of It is a systematic approach to research disproved in new experiments. In
science that deals with the used in almost all types of engineering other words, it is flexible enough to
study of matter. It also sciences. This is the way scientists, be modified if new experiments and
deals with the processes chemists, physicists and biologists study findings are introduced
and the changes that everything around them.
matter undergoesmatter
and is the basis of other 4. Model – it is a visual, verbal, or
The scientific method is a process of mathematical explanation of
engineering sciences such as biology, defining a problem, making experiments,
physics, thermodynamics, just to name a experimental results that is only
collecting data, interpreting the data, accurate under certain conditions and
few. The concepts and principles in formulating a hypothesis, and
chemistry are integral to modern-day in certain environments. Unlike
summarizing the data in a way that is scientific laws, models are not
applications such as health and medicine, simple and precise.
alternative energy sources, development of universal. Excel Review Center
new materials and technologies, and food Any test or trial that is used to collect

Matter
and agriculture, even though its roots can information or data to answer a specific
be traced to hundreds of years as one of the set of questions or inquiries is called an
earliest, if not the earliest branch of experiment. Excel Review Center It is anything that
science. Excel Review Center
has mass and
Chemistry comes from
the Arabic word kimia,
Data occupies space.

which means alchemy. Data refers to the raw information Mass is a measurement of the amount of
collected from the experiments. Once the matter in a certain object.
Alchemy is usually considered as the data are organized, they are now referred
earliest form of chemistry. to as results. If one makes deductions Matter
from the results, they are now referred to Yes No
Branches of Chemistry
Can it be physically
as conclusions. separated?

1. Organic Chemistry – It deals with the Mixture


Matter Pure Substance
Two Types of Data:
study of the chemical substances that
Yes Is the composition No Yes Can it be chemically No
contains carbon-carbon bonds. 1. Qualitative Data – general uniform? decomposed?
Examples: Pharmaceuticals, plastics statements about one’s observation Homogeneous Heterogeneous Compound Element
(Solution)
on the system
2. Inorganic Chemistry – It deals with Examples: color, odor, shape Examples: Examples: Examples: Examples:
the study of the chemical substances air, steel, saline blood, dirt, milk, carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Gold,
solution, etc. oil and water, etc. salt, water, etc. Hydrogen, etc.
that do not contain carbon-carbon 2. Quantitative Data – numbers
bonds.
Examples: Studying metals, minerals,
obtained by measuring certain
parameters of the system
States of
Matter
semiconductors Example: mass, length, volume
Excel Review Center
3. Physical Chemistry – It deals with the Four Ways to Summarize the Data:
behavior and changes of matter and the Excel Review Center
related energy changes. 1. Hypothesis – it is a statement 1. Solid – molecules of matter at this state are
Examples: Reaction rates, reaction
produced out of few observations closely held together in an orderly sequence
mechanisms without much experimental evidence. such that they are not free to move. Solids are
It is a possible explanation for what rigid and are almost incompressible.
4. Analytical Chemistry – It deals with has been observed.
the study of the different components 2. Liquid – molecules of matter at this state are
and composition of substances. farther apart compared to molecules of solid.
2. Law – it is a statement produced out
Examples: Food nutrients Liquids can flow and it follows the shape of its
of thorough research and container. Like solids, they are hard to
experimentation that indicates the compress.
5. Biochemistry – It deals the study of
relationships between different
matter and processes in living phenomena that is always the same 3. Gas – molecules of mater at this state are
organisms. separated by large distances relative to the size
under the same conditions (e.g.
Examples: Metabolism, Fermentation Newton’s Law of Motions, Ideal Gas of the molecules. Hence, molecules are free to
Law, etc.). Scientific laws stand the move randomly at different directions. Gases
The Future of Education! test of time. also flow, and are easier to compress compared
Excel Review Center to solids and liquids. They follow the volume
and the shape of their containers. In general,
Like us on Facebook 3. Theory – it is a unifying principle liquids and gases are classified as fluids, or
alterguru.com that explains a body of facts and/or substances that have the ability to flow.
those laws that

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