Questions

for

Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

Chemist (EHC) , Organic Instructor ,
LAB
Analytical Chemistry pre-
Master(SU), Master degree Student

From
CHEMIST
Q (1 )
INTERVIEW
To
Q (100)
 Welcome back
After you liked the first file of the interview questions
regarding the position of laboratory chemist
I started working on updating the file, including a more
detailed explanation for each question, and using some
pictures for ease and clarification.
This work is purely for the sake of God

You Can watch the detailed explanation via the

YouTube channel:
https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnnca
BHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

1.Do you know what is GLP?
GLP means Good Laboratory Practice. It is a framework or
pattern under which research work are planned, performed,
monitored, recorded, reported and archived.

2.Do you know what is Calibration Curve?

Calibration curve is the
relationship between the
various concentration of analyte
in a suitable solvent or matrix
and the signal response of the
instrument.

3.Do you know what is co-chromatography?

Co-chromatography is the procedure used to detect an unknown
substance by comparing the chromatic comparison with a
known substance.

4.Tell me what do you know about MSDS?

Material Safety Data Sheets are used to handle chemical use in a
laboratory. They are issued with every chemical that any lab
uses or stocks.

5.Do you know what is blank?

Blank term is used to refer the sample tube
which does not contain the analyte.

https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnncaBHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

6.Do you know why GLP is followed in the lab?
☛ Following GLP standard, minimizes the chance of error
occurs due to humans.
☛ It supports for product registration, also assures the
suitability of data to the regulatory authorities.
☛ It helps to reduce the cost of industry and governments
by avoiding duplicative testing.
☛ It helps to re create a study from the recorded data and
information.

7.Tell me what are the factors on which the gas

sterilization depends on?
Gas sterilization depends on factors like:
☛ Concentration of the gas
☛ Humidity
☛ Time of exposure
☛ Temperature
☛ Nature of the load

8.Do you know what does a quality control chemist

do?
☛ quality control: testing samples of raw materials or
products either in mid stage or close to final stage to make sure
that they are of high enough quality, reaching the standards and
qualifications, before the product can be mass produced.

https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnncaBHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

9. What Is Titration?
Titration is a process of determining molarity of a base or an
acid.

10. Explain the term Aliquot and Diluent?

Aliquot: It is a measured sub volume of the original sample
Diluent: Material with which sample is diluted

11. What is molality?

Molality is the number of solutes that are present in 1 kg of a
solvent.

12. What is titration?

Titration is a process to determine the molarity of a base or an
acid. In this process, a reaction is carried out between the
known volumes of a solution with a known concentration,
against the known volume of a solution with an unknown
concentration.

13. Mention the formula to calculate pH of a

solution?
In order to calculate the pH of a solution you have to use the
formula
pH = log [H+] or pH = log [H 3O+]

https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnncaBHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

14.What is buffer?
A buffer is an aqueous solution which has highly stable pH.
It is a blend of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa, On
adding a small amount of base or acid to buffer, its pH hardly changes.
While when you select an acid as a buffer solution, try to use an acid
that has a pH closed to your desired pH.
This will help your buffer to achieve a nearly equivalent amount of acid
and conjugate base, so that it will enable to neutralize as much as H+
and OH.

15.What is a mole?
Mole is the unit used to define the number of chemical substance
present in a substance.
It is the amount of substance which consists of the same number of
chemical units as there are atoms in exactly 12 gram of pure carbon 12

16.Mention the formula to calculate pH.

In order to calculate the pH of a solution you have to use the formula
pH= log [H+] or pH = log [H 3 O+]

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

17.How will you calculate how many moles of
glucose present in 320 mL of 5.0 M of glucose
solution?
First step:
Convert the volume from milli litres to litres
320 X ( 1 litre/ 1000 mL) = 0.320 L solution
Second step:
use the formula = M x V = 5.0 moles glucose/ litre solution X 0.320 L
solution = 1.6 moles of glucose present in 320 mL of solution.

18.What is the difference between Molarity and

Normality?
Both techniques are used to the amount of chemical present in the
solution. However, they are almost
similar but differs in:

Molarity is used to know the total amount of molecules in a 1 liter

solution, It is expressed as moles of a compound per liter of solution

Normality is used to know the total number of reactive units in 1 liter

of solution, It is expressed in equivalent per liter

https://youtu.be/afB5h
vagH24?si=SisEUfNlyRY
jp8l2

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

19.What is Valency?
Valency is a property of groups or atoms, equal to the number of
atoms of hydrogen that the group or atom could combine with or
displace it in forming compounds.

20.What is Avogadro s law?

According to Avogadro law, at the same temperature and pressure, an
equal volume of gases contains the same number or molecules.

21.What is the chemical composition of fat in the

human body
Fat found in the human body is mainly composed of
 Glycerides
 Glycerides + Phospholipids
 Glycolipids
 Phosphoinositides
 Tocopherol
https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnncaBHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

22.What makes a molecule into organic molecule?
In a molecule when a hydrogen atom is less than the ratio of a carbon
atom, then such molecules are referred to as an organic molecule.

23.What is the formula you will use to calculate

how many milliliters of 5.5 M NaOH are
required to prepare 400 mLof 1.5 M NaOH?
To know the amount or volume of NaOH to prepare 400 mL of 1.5 M
NaOH , we use formula
M1 X V 1 = M 2 X V 2
5.5 X V 1 = 1.5 M x 0.4 L

V1 = 1.5 M X 0.4 L/ 5.5

V1 = 0.10 L
V1 = 100 mL

So, you need

100 mL of 5.5 NaOH

24.Why graphite rod is used in nuclear reactor?

Graphite rod is used in nuclear reactor to
convert fast moving neutrons into thermal
neutrons.

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

25.Mention how many millilitre is equal to 1 litre
and how many microliter is equal to litre?
1 millilitre = 0.001 litre
1 microliter = 0.000001 litre

26.What is oxidation and reduction reaction?

Oxidation = When there is a loss of hydrogen or electrons OR gain
of oxygen is known as Oxidation reaction .
Reduction = When there is a gain of hydrogen or electron OR loss of
oxygen is known as a reduction
reaction
Example
of oxidation reduction reaction is observed in the human body when an
electron is transferred into the cell and oxidation of glucose take place
from which we get the energy.

27.What is the concentration, in parts per billion, of

asolution that contains 1 microgram of solute per
liter?
1 PPB

28 .Never found uncombined on Earth, what

elementoccurs abundantly in limestone gypsum and
fluorite?
Calcium

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

29.To the nearest whole number, convert 0.300
atmosphere into millimeters of mercury, or torr:

228 Millimeters Of Mercury, Or Torr

30. 4.0 ) liters of oxygen are mixed with 8.0 liters of

nitrogen. Identify the solute and solvent in this
mixture :
Oxygen Is The Solute
Nitrogen Is The Solvent

31.The reaction of an acid with an alcohol to form an

ester and water is called:
Esterification

32 .Carbohydrates are made of what three

elements?
 Carbon,
 Hydrogen
 Oxygen

33.What are the two most common end products of

alcoholic fermentation?
Ethanol And Carbon Dioxide

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

34 .How many milliliters of water would you add to
100 milliliters of a 0.350 molar solution to make a
0.100 molar solution?
250 Milliliters

35 .What is the term for the pH at which an amino

acid or protein becomes electrically neutral?
Isoelectric Point

36.Many of the groups of elements in the periodic

table have acquired common names.
The elements in Group IA, with the exception
of hydrogen, are called Alkali Metals

37.Name the two most abundant elements in the

universe?
Hydrogen And Helium

38.Give the symbol for the element that is derived

from the Latin word Plumbum ?
Pb

https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnncaBHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

39.In order to compare two different gas samples ,
scientists use what is called the STP.
What does STP stand for?
Standard Temperature And Pressure

40.What colorless liquid was originally produced

from the distillation of wood and is often
referred to as wood alcohol: Methanol

41.What is the acid anhydride of H2CO3 ?

CO2

42.What is dipole dipole force?

Dipole dipole force is weak attraction that occurs
between two polar molecules.

43.What is pH?
pH is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion
concentrated.
pH= -log [H+]

44.What are substrates?

A substrate is a surface on which a plant or animal
grows or is attached.

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

45.What kind of bond does HCl have?
The bond between hydrogen and chlorine in HCl is polar
covalent bond because of large electro negativity difference
between the two bonded atoms.

46.What is the dipole moment direction for

methanol?
The direction is towards the oxygen since the Oxygen atom
has amuch higher electronegative than either of the three
Hydrogen atoms or the Carbon atom itself.
47.What is the difference between HCl acid
and HCl gas?
HCl gas is molecular HCl in the gaseous phase, HCl acid is HCl
in solution with water, and can be said to be in the form H+ Cl
--.(Alternatively, to be a pendant, H 3 O+ Cl as technically
protons does not exist on their own in solution.) It is this
dissociation of the molecule into constituent ions, which gives
an acid its properties.
On a physical level, HCl gas is a yellow/green gas, and HCl acid
is a clear solution.
48 .What is the pH of an Alkyl Halide?
The pH is usually on acidic side (i.e. pH < 7 ). The reason being,
some of the alkyl halides tend to decompose via beta hydride
elimination process generating hydro halo acids that impart
acidity, e.g. tertiary butyl chloride decomposes to produce HCl
or hydrochloric acid.

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

49.What is Chemical formula for glass?
Silica is one of the main components in glass. The chemical
formula for Silica is Si02

50.What is a hydrogen bond?

A hydrogen bond is a special type of attractive interaction
(perhaps a variation of a dipole dipole bond) that exists between
an electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom bonded to
another electronegative atom.
This type of bond always involves a hydrogen atom , thus the
name. Hydrogen bonds can occur between
molecules(intermolecular) or within different parts of a single
molecule(intra molecularly ). The typical hydrogen bond is
stronger than van der Waals forces, but weaker than covalent or
ionic bonds.

51.What is the only known substance for which

there is no triple point?
Helium

52.Convert 673 Kelvin into degrees centigrade?

400 degree C

53.What is an oxidizing agent

Any chemical species that has a tendency to accept electrons
and thereby undergoing Reduction themselves is known as an
oxidizing agent

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

54. How do you prepare a solution of 1 M HCl
Exactly how you prepare will depend on what you are starting
with. Typically, to make a 1 M HCl solution, you will be starting
with a stock solution of more concentrated HCl that you will
then dilute.

55. Is DNA organic?

Of, relating to, or derived from living organisms: organic matter.
Of, relating to, or affecting a bodily organ: an organic disease.
In addition, DNA would chemically be considered organic since it
contains carbon as the primary chemical backbone of the
molecule.

56. How many electrons are in benzene?

There are 30 electrons in benzene. This
includes 24 carbon electrons and 6
hydrogen electrons. There are 12 electrons
shared between C and H, and 18 between
C and C. ( 6 electrons in up ring, 6 in down
ring and 6 between C and C).

57. What is a dipole moment?

Dipole moment is the measure polarity of a polar covalent bond.
It is defined as the product magnitude of charge on the atoms
and the distance between the two bonded atoms. Its common
unit is debye and SI unit is columb meter.

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

58 .How many moles of HCl are present in . 70 L of
a . 33 M HCl solution?
►First, remember definition of M (moles), M = moles of
species / L. 0.33 M = 0.33 moles HCl / L
►Then, multiple your volume by the molar concentration:
0.33 moles HCl / L x 0.70 L = 0.231 moles HCl
It is helpful to carry the units with your calculations. That way
you can check that numerators and denominators cancel to
give you the units of your answer.

59 .How do you solve Ideal Gas Law problems?

The Ideal Gas Law is used to relate the pressure, volume,
temperature , and amount of an ideal ” gas. Although many
gases are not ideal in reality , you can usually use the Ideal Gas
Law anyway. Here is how you solve these problems!
The Ideal Gas Law is PV = nRT

60 .Is HCl an acid or a base?

HCl, or hydrochloric acid, as the name implies, is an acid. In
fact, it is considered a strong acid because it dissociates
completely in water to form H3O+ and Cl
However, it can also act as a base in reactions with acids
stronger than it can like HClO 4

https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnncaBHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

61 .What wavelengths can the human eye see?
Human eye is sensitive to an approximate range of wavelength of
radiations from 380 nm to 760 nm.
This portion of electromagnetic spectrum is identified as Light.

62 .How does spontaneous combustion occur?

It is caused by a build up of sulfur in a person s body that eventually
reacts to increased body heat.

63 .What is the use of glacial acetic

There are no medical uses to pure GAA, dilute concentrations can be
used to remove warts or verucas; it can also be used via iontophoresis
to treat bone spurs. Industrial uses include photography and the
manufacturing of aspirin.

64 .How do you separate the colors of ink?

The colors of ink can be separated by chromatography.

65 .What Is Standard Deviation?

Standard deviation tells about the widely spread out of the measured
analytical data points. Highly precised measurements are less standard
deviation

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

66 .How To Calculate Signal To Noise Ratio By This
Formula 2 h/h Where H From Where And How To
Measure?
The H is the height of the main peak and the h is the lowest height of a
peak in the range of X 5 the main peak (around the a min peak).
67 .Explain What Is A Base Line?
Base line is nothing but the detectors response to the mobile phase.(
gc,hplc Base line should be stable to start a run. Un stabilized base line
is called as base line noise.
Base line noise is of many types..
 Cyclic base line
 Synchorinise noise
 Asynchorinise noise
 Base line drift
 Spikes
 Negative peaks
 No peaks
Base line noise is attributed due to mobile phase, sample, system
problems. Leaks in the system temperature variations in lab etc..

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

68.What Is Deference Between The Working
Standard And Reference Standard?
Reference std is like USP,EP std , in this std we get COA including
results of Potency by HPLC , NMR & XRPD data.
whenever there is requirement of working. std preparation first
we have get API raw material from warehouse & we check assay
, water content or LOD & Related substances against reference
std .
Some times we are doing analysis in duplicate & get mean value.
then we decide final assay or potency value & it's validity one
year.

69.How Do We Fix The Sample Concentration In Hplc

Method Development. What Is The Basis?
If all impurities at spec level are meeting s/n ratio more than 60
at that particular concentration as wel as no column overload.

70.Suppose We Prepared Ph Buffer Solution In

Lab.and Calibrate Against Nist Solution, And Same
Shall Going To Used Up To 30 Days. Is It Possible To
Stable Ph And Appearance?
PH of the buffer solution will be change, as due to presence of
nitrogen containing substances and also due to microbial
growth. but if stored at 4 degree centi.
it may used to some extent.

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

71.Define Octane Number?
It is the resistance to the detonation of fuel in a spark
ignition engine compared to the isooctane n heptane
mixture.

72.What Is Gibbs Free Energy?

It is the available energy or the
greatest amount of mechanical
work done by a system at
constant temperature and
pressure.

73.What Is Entropy?
Entropy is a measure of disorderliness. It explains the systems
closeness to equilibrium.

74.Why Are Decomposition Reactions Called The

Opposite Of Combination Reactions?
In a decomposition reaction a single substance splits to form two
or more than two substances, whereas, in a combination
reaction two or more substances combine to form a single
substance So, it is opposite to each other.

75.What Is The Role of A Catalyst?

A catalyst reduces the energy of activation for a reaction by
providing an alternative pathway. In this way, it speeds up the
reaction and allows it to proceed under milder conditions.

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

76.Why Are Olefins (alkenes) Good Monomers For
Polymerization Reactions?
The electrons in the weak pi bonds can be used to
form strong s bonds to other monomer units

77.How many ml. of 1 M H SO solution is required to

neutralize 10 ml. of 1 M NaOH solution?
A) 2.5 ml
B) 5.0 ml
C) 10 ml
D) 20 ml
Answer
B
78.Aniline is separated from a mixture by_____
A) Fractional crystallization
B) Fractional distillation
C) Steam distillation
D) Vacuum distillation
Answer :
C
79.Spectro scopy deals with interaction of
electromagnetic radiation with matter. What is the
speed of this radiation in vacuum in m/s?
A) 6 x 108
B) 5 x 108
C) 7 x 108
D) 3 x 108
Answer:
D

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

80.Which of the following is not a property or
parameter of electromagnetic
A) Wavelength
B) Voltage
C) Wave number
D) Amplitude
Answer:
B

81.Which of the following is not a type of

A) Gamma ray
B) X ray
C) Nuclear magnetic resonance
D) Sound
Answer:
D

82.Which of the following is the wavenumber of UV

and Visible
A) 1 x 106 to 1.3 x 104 m-1
B) 1 x 106 to 1.3 x 104 m-1
C) 13 to 27 m 1
D) 1 x 106 to 1.3 x 104 m-2
Answer:
A

https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnncaBHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

83.Chromatography is a physical method that is used
to separate and analyse
A) Simple mixtures
B) Complex mixtures
C) Viscous mixtures
D) Metals
Answer:
B

84. In chromatography, the stationary phase can be

___________ supported on a
A) Solid or liquid
B) Liquid or gas
C) Solid only
D) Liquid only
Answer:
A

85.In chromatography, which of the following can

the mobile phase be made
A) Solid or liquid
B) Liquid or gas
C) Gas only
D) Liquid only
Answer:
B

https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnncaBHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

86. In Thin layer chromatography, the stationary
phase is made of _________ and the mobile
phase is made of _________
A) Solid, liquid
B) Liquid, liquid
C) Liquid, gas
D) Solid, gas
Answer:
A

87. Which of the following is not correct about High

pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)?
A) It requires high pressure for the separation of the specious
B) There is no need to vaporize the samples
C) It is performed in columns
D) It has high sensitivity
Answer:
A

88. Quantum dots is widely used in the following

research field_______
A) Crystallography
B) Mechanics
C) Optoelectronics
D) Quantum physics
Answer:
C

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

89.Mark the compound which turn black with
Ammonium
A) Lead chloride
B) Mercurous chloride
C) Mercuric chloride
D) Silver chloride
Answer :
B

90.All of the following methods are used for the

analysis of precipitate,
A)Volhard's method
B) Haber's method
C)Fajan's method
D) Mohr's method
Answer:
B

91. What is the cell voltage at reaction

A) Zero
B) It is reduced
C) It is oxidized
D) None of the above
Answer:
A

https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnncaBHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

92. Which of the following substances CANNOT be
separated by
A) A mixture of proteins
B) Crude oil fractions
C) Oxygen and nitrogen in air
D) Water in salt solution
Answer:
A

93.Which of the following sulphides is not soluble in

hot dil Nitric acid ?
A) CuS
B) ZnS
C) NiS
D) CdS
Answer :
C

94. Aniline is separated from a mixture

A) Fractional crystallization
B) Fractional distillation
C) Steam distillation
D) Vacuum distillation
Answer:
C

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

95. Which of the following substances CANNOT be
separated by
A) A mixture of proteins
B) Crude oil fractions
C) Oxygen and nitrogen in air
D) Water in salt solution
Answer:
A
96.Which of the following sulphides is not soluble in
hot dil Nitric acid ?
A) CuS
B) ZnS
C) NiS
D) CdS
Answer :
C
97. Aniline is separated from a mixture
A) Fractional crystallization
B) Fractional distillation
C) Steam distillation
D) Vacuum distillation
Answer:
C
https://youtube.com/@AhmedTalaatElnagar?si=yVnncaBHoq2QoNCF

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

98

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

99

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

100

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar

Ch.Ahmed Talaat Elnagar