INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF CAMBODIA

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD ENGINEERING

OPTION CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

LECTURE: DR. CHANRATH BOREY (COURSE)

MR. NEAK KIMHAK (TP)

REPORT OF LABORATORY WORK

SUBJECT: PETROLEUM CHEMISTRY

TP6: Gasoline distillation

GROUP: I4-GCA-ChE-B3

STUDENT NAME: ID

THA Panhajem e20191156

THENG Koemlang e20191167

THOEURN Chhenglorng e20191173

UM Chailydalen e20191224

YAT Vicheka e20191286

YIV Sreyya e20191301

Academic Year: 2022-2023

Date to submit:
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... ii

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. iii
1. INTRODUCTION............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1. Background .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2. Objectives..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS ............................................................................................ 2
2.1. Materials for the study ................................................................................................... 2
2.1.1. Reactants and samples ............................................................................................... 2
2.1.2. Materials and Equipment........................................................................................... 2
2.2. Methodology for study ................................................................................................... 3
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................................. 3
3.1. Result ............................................................................................................................. 4
3.2. Discussion .................................................................................................................... 10
4. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 10
REFERENCE........................................................................................................................... 11
APPENDICE ........................................................................................................................... 13

i
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 The different three brand of gasoline for gasoline distillation experiment .............. 2
Table 2.2. Materials for gasoline distillation experiment ......................................................... 2
Table 3.1 result of gasoline Of SOKIMEX brand after distillated........................................... 4
Table 3.2 result of the recovery Of SOKIMEX brand .............................................................. 4
Table 3.3 result of gasoline Of CALTEX brand after distillated ............................................. 5
Table 3.4 result of the recovery Of CALTEX brand................................................................. 6
Table 3.5 result of gasoline Of LIMLONG brand after distillated ........................................... 7
Table 3.6 result of the recovery of LIMLONG brand ............................................................... 7
Table 3.7 result of gasoline of LHR brand after distillated ....................................................... 8
Table 3.8 result of the recovery of LHR brand ......................................................................... 9

ii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Flow chart of processing gasoline distillation ........................................................ 3

Figure 3.1 The curve of Sokimex distillation. .......................................................................... 5
Figure 3.2 The curve of Caltex distillation. .............................................................................. 6
Figure 3.3 The curve of Limlong distillation. ........................................................................... 8
Figure 3.4 The curve of LHR distillation.................................................................................. 9

iii
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

Distillation, process involving the conversion of a liquid into vapor that is subsequently
condensed back to liquid form. Distillation is used to separate liquids from nonvolatile solids,
as in the separation of alcoholic liquors from fermented materials, or in the separation of two
or more liquids having different boiling points, as in the separation of gasoline, kerosene, and
lubricating oil from crude oil (Britannica, 2022). Vapor recovery is the process of capturing
the saturated gasoline vapors that would otherwise escape into the environment and pollute the
air (gov, 2016). Gasoline or petrol is a derivative product of crude oil/petroleum. It is derived
during fractional distillation process and has a translucent liquid form. It's not used in its crude
form. Different additives are added like ethanol to use it as fuel for passenger vehicles
(Bennett&Coleman, 2020). Gasoline is one of the products of petroleum refining via fractional
distillation. In its raw state, it ignites early upon compression, hence causing knocking in
combustion engines. For this reason, it blends with chemical additives to improve gasoline’s
ability to undergo significant compression without igniting. The subsequent value that
measures its anti-knock robustness is known as octane rating (David, 2018). The primary
process for separating the hydrocarbon components of crude oil is fractional distillation. Crude
oil distillers separate crude oil into fractions for subsequent processing in such units as catalytic
reformers, cracking units, alkylation units, or cookers. In turn, each of these more complex
processing units also incorporates a fractional distillation tower to separate its own reaction
products (Britannica, 2012). Distillation is used to collect and purify many chemicals, such as
alcohol, gasoline, distilled water, xylene, paraffin, kerosene, and many others. The simple
distillation process described above can only be used to separate liquids efficiently with boiling
points differences greater than 25 °C. Many variations of the distillation process have been
created to avoid this limitation. Other types of distillation include fractional, steam, vacuum,
zone, reactive, catalytic, extractive, flash and rotary (Britannica, 2022).

1.2. Objectives

For this experiment, aims to evaluate the recovery of distillate (pure gasoline) that
obtained from the distillation process of gasoline sample at different boing point.

1
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1. Materials for the study

2.1.1. Reactants and samples

In this study on gasoline distillation, the experiment required the reactant and sample
as shown in Table 2.1 below:

Table 2.1 The different three brand of gasoline for gasoline distillation experiment

Ingredients
SOKIMEX Gasoline (Normal)
LIMLONG Gasoline (Normal)
LHR Gasoline (Normal)
CALTEX Gasoline (Normal)
Ice Container

2.1.2. Materials and Equipment

The material and equipment for proceed the pour point experiment was prepared and
indicated in the Table 2.2. below.

Table 2.2. Materials for gasoline distillation experiment

Equipment
Thermometer
Clamp
Clamp stand
Erlenmeyer distillation flask
Magnetic heat stirrer
Ice container
Received flask

2
2.2. Methodology for study

Flow chart about procedure of the whole process of pour point is shown below.

Figure 2.1: Flow chart of processing gasoline distillation

In order to experiment of distillation gasoline, firstly set up the clamp stand and clamp
to hold Erlenmeyer distillation flask with magnetic heat stirrer under clamp stand and connected
condenser to the received flask where received flask was placed in Ice box.
Secondly, Pour Gasoline into the Erlenmeyer distillation flask and dump thermometer
into Erlenmeyer distillation flask during that time heat had been open up to heat the gasoline.
Lastly, Observed the temperature and volume of distillate. For another three brands of
petroleum repeat the same.

3
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Result

In this experiment, the four brands of gasoline were used to distillation and gasoline
was used 100ml for distillation. In the table was demonstrated the result obtained after
distillation of gasoline experiment. The all result obtained is reflected to the reaction time at
the end of each reaction at various temperatures. To be accurate, the experiment was occurred
and proceeded for 3 times for one brand of petroleum product.
The Table 3.1 below shown the result after distillated for gasoline SOKIMEX brand.

Table 3.1 result of gasoline Of SOKIMEX brand after distillated.

𝐍° Initial Distillated Final Remaining

Volume (ml) IBP(℃) Temperature volume(ml) Volume volume (ml)
(℃) (ml)

1 70 25
2 90 35

3 100 45 110 41 60 20

4 130 55
5 150 60

The result of the recovery of SOKIMEX brand that was calculated in the Appendix 3
is shown in the table below,

Table 3.2 result of the recovery Of SOKIMEX brand.

𝐍° Initial Distillated Final The recovery

Volume IBP(℃) Temperature volume(ml) Volume percentage (%)
(ml) (℃) (ml)

1 70 25 25
2 90 35 35
3 100 45 110 41 60 41
4 130 55 55
5 150 60 60

4
 The curve below is shown the boiling point verse distillation volume of SOKIMEX
brand.

SOKIMEX Distillation
160
y = 2.1823x + 15.723
140
R² = 0.9821
120

100
Boilling point

80

60

40

20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Distiilation Volume

Boilling point Linear (Boilling point)

Figure 3.1 The curve of SOKIMEX distillation.

The Table 3.3 below shown the result after distillated for gasoline CALTEX brand.

Table 3.3 result of gasoline Of CALTEX brand after distillated

𝐍° Initial Distillated Final Remaining

Volume (ml) IBP(℃) Temperature volume(ml) Volume volume (ml)
(℃) (ml)

1 70 22
2 100 40
3 100 41 120 48 57 23

4 130 53
5 150 57

5
 The result of the recovery of CALTEX brand that was calculated in the Appendix 3 is
shown in the table below:

Table 3.4 result of the recovery Of CALTEX brand.

𝐍° Initial Distillated Final The recovery

Volume IBP(℃) Temperature volume(ml) Volume percentage (%)
(ml) (℃) (ml)
1 70 22 22

2 100 40 40
3 100 41 120 48 57 48
4 130 53 53
5 150 57 57

The curve below is shown the boiling point verse distillation volume of Sokimex brand.

Caltex Distillation
160
y = 2.1671x + 18.648
140
R² = 0.967
120

100
Boilling point

80

60

40

20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Distiilation Volume

Boilling point Linear (Boilling point)

Figure 3.2 The curve of CALTEX distillation.

6
 The Table 3.5 below shown the result after distillated for gasoline LIMLONG brand.

Table 3.5 result of gasoline Of LIMLONG brand after distillated.

𝐍° Initial Volume Distillated Final Volume Remaining

(ml) IBP(℃) Temperature volume(ml) (ml) volume (ml)
(℃)
1 70 32

2 110 55

3 130 58
100 45 66 34
4 150 63

5 155 66

The result of the recovery of LIMLONG brand that was calculated in the Appendix 3
is shown in the table below:

Table 3.6 result of the recovery of LIMLONG brand.

𝐍° Initial Distillated Final The recovery

Volume IBP(℃) Temperature volume(ml) Volume percentage (%)
(ml) (℃) (ml)

1 70 32 32
2 110 55 55
3 100 45 130 58 66 58
4 150 63 63
5 155 66 66

7
 The curve below is shown the boiling point verse distillation volume of LIMLONG
brand.

Limlong Distillation
180
160 y = 2.5014x - 14.076
140 R² = 0.9461

120
Boilling point

100
80
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Distiilation Volume

Boilling point Linear (Boilling point)

Figure 3.3 The curve of LIMLONG distillation.

The Table 3.7 below shown the result after distillated for gasoline LHR brand.

Table 3.7 result of gasoline of LHR brand after distillated.

𝐍° Initial Volume Distillated Final Volume Remaining

IBP(℃) Temperature
(ml) volume(ml) (ml) volume (ml)
(℃)
1 70 34
2 110 56
3 130 60

4 150 66
100 45 72 28
5 160 72

8
 The result of the recovery of LHR brand that was calculated in the Appendix 3 is shown
in the table below:

Table 3.8 result of the recovery of LHR brand.

𝐍° Initial Distillated Final The recovery

Volume IBP(℃) Temperature volume(ml) Volume percentage (%)
(ml) (℃) (ml)
1 70 34 34

2 110 56 56
3 100 45 130 60 72 60
4 150 66 66
5 160 72 72

The curve below is shown the boiling point verse distillation volume of LHR brand.

LHR Distillation
180
160 y = 2.4288x - 15.901
R² = 0.9715
140
120
Boilling point

100
80
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Distiilation Volume

Boilling point Linear (Boilling point)

Figure 3.4 The curve of LHR distillation.

9
3.2. Discussion

After complete the experiment, the result was obtained in accurate and acknowledged.
The experiment was proceeded carefully and accurate of receiving data. The experiment has
been used four different types of gasoline, which is CALTEX, SOKIMEX, LHR and
LIMLONG. The range of temperature for this processing was choose from five different
temperature which is from 70℃ to 160℃. For Celtex, at the lowest temperature (70℃), we can
distillated the volume 22ml and the highest temperature (150℃) we get the volume 57ml. For
Sokimex, at the temperature of (70℃), we can distillated the volume 25ml and the temperature
of (150℃) we get the volume 60ml. For LHR, at the lowest temperature (70℃), we can
distillated the volume 34ml and the highest temperature (160℃) we get the volume 72ml. For
LimLong, at the temperature of (70℃), we can distillated the volume 32ml and the temperature
of (155℃) we get the volume 66ml. The initial volume though the result is still acceptable due
to the reason that the type of gasoline can be a bit different. The main factor which makes it
different is component consisting (saturated component, unsaturated component, aromatic).
Because of The distillation of gasoline, it is easier than the mixing because it has more aromatic
compounds instead of the volatile compound. Therefore, octane number will affect to gasoline
distillation. Moreover, gasoline is volatile type so that the distillated volume was lost some
amounts by vaporing.

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4. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the experiment's goal is to distill gasoline in Cambodia using gasoline-

related goods. The distillation of gasoline involves recovering the lighter compound in the
combination through stream heating, figuring out the gasoline's initial boiling point during
distillation, and creating a distillation graph. After this trial is complete, the experiment has
shown that gasoline, particularly for combustion engines, is provided in good quality for use
in daily life. Recovery of had a low octane value, which is a crucial component in gasoline,
and was less than ideal distillation recovery.

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REFERENCE

Bennett&Coleman. (2020). What is 'Gasoline'. The Economic Times. Retrieved from

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/gasoline
Britannica. (2012, March 5). alkylation. (E. britannica, Ed.) Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/technology/alkylation-petrochemical-process
Britannica. (2022, August 22). distillation chemical process. (E. Britannica, Ed.) distillation
chemical process. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/distillation
David. (2018). Gasoline Boiling Point – Blends, Pressure, and Weather Considerations.
Retrieved from punchlistzero: https://punchlistzero.com/gasoline-boiling-point/
gov, A. (2016). GASOLINE VAPOR RECOVERY. Az.gov. Retrieved from
https://agriculture.az.gov/weights-measures/fueling/gasoline-vapor-recovery

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APPENDICE

Appendix 1: Equipment

Figure 1. Cylinder 100ml Figure 2. Clamp and clamp stand Figure 3. Ice container

Figure 4. Erlenmeyer distillation flask Figure 5. Magnetic stirrer Figure 6. Thermometer

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Appendix 2: Raw material and Petroleum sample product

Figure 7. Gasoline samples Figure 8. Ice

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Appendix 3: Calculation

• Calculate the recovery of Sokimex brand

If 100ml the recovery is 100%
Distillated volume × 100%
%Recovery =
Initial Volume
For temperature 70 ℃, the distillated volume is 25ml
25 × 100%
%Recovery = = 20%
100
For temperature 90 ℃, the distillated volume is 35ml
35 × 100%
%Recovery = = 35%
100
For temperature 110 ℃, the distillated volume is 41ml
41 × 100%
%Recovery = = 41%
100
For temperature 130 ℃, the distillated volume is 55ml

55 × 100%
%Recovery = = 55%
100
For temperature 150 ℃, the distillated volume is 60ml
60 × 100%
%Recovery = = 60%
100
For remaining volume
20 × 100%
%Recovery = = 20%
100
• Calculate the recovery of Caltex brand
If 100ml the recovery is 100%
Distillated volume × 100%
%Recovery =
Initial Volume
For temperature 70 ℃, the distillated volume is 22ml
22 × 100%
%Recovery = = 22%
100
For temperature 90 ℃, the distillated volume is 40ml
40 × 100%
%Recovery = = 40%
100
For temperature 110 ℃, the distillated volume is 48ml
48 × 100%
%Recovery = = 48%
100

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For temperature 130 ℃, the distillated volume is 53ml
53 × 100%
%Recovery = = 53%
100
For temperature 150 ℃, the distillated volume is 57ml
57 × 100%
%Recovery = = 57%
100
For remaining volume
23 × 100%
%Recovery = = 23%
100
• Calculate the recovery of LIMLONG brand
If 100ml the recovery is 100%
Distillated volume × 100%
%Recovery =
Initial Volume
For temperature 70 ℃, the distillated volume is 32ml
32 × 100%
%Recovery = = 32%
100
For temperature 110 ℃, the distillated volume is 55ml
55 × 100%
%Recovery = = 55%
100
For temperature 130 ℃, the distillated volume is 58ml
58 × 100%
%Recovery = = 58%
100
For temperature 150 ℃, the distillated volume is 63ml
63 × 100%
%Recovery = = 63%
100
For temperature 155 ℃, the distillated volume is 55ml
55 × 100%
%Recovery = = 55%
100
For remaining volume
34 × 100%
%Recovery = = 34%
100
• Calculate the recovery of LHR brand
If 100ml the recovery is 100%
Distillated volume × 100%
%Recovery =
Initial Volume
For temperature 70 ℃, the distillated volume is 34ml

16
 34 × 100%
%Recovery = = 34%
100
For temperature 110 ℃, the distillated volume is 56ml
56 × 100%
%Recovery = = 56%
100
For temperature 130 ℃, the distillated volume is 60ml
60 × 100%
%Recovery = = 60%
100
For temperature 150 ℃, the distillated volume is 66ml
66 × 100%
%Recovery = = 66%
100
For temperature 160 ℃, the distillated volume is 72ml
72 × 100%
%Recovery = = 72%
100
For remaining volume
28 × 100%
%Recovery = = 28%
100

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