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Dbms Model Questions & Answers

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Aradhya M Anil
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36 views

Dbms Model Questions & Answers

Uploaded by

Aradhya M Anil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PART C

(Each question carries 7 marks.)

1. Explain three schema DBMS architecture with a neat diagram


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2. Classify the different types of individuals interact with database
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3. Explain SQL data types for attributes in a schema
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:
4. Explain triggers in SQL
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5. Illustrate attribute types in the ER model with examples
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6. Explain the concepts of generalization and specialization in EER model
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7. Build an E-R diagram corresponding to the
relation:Student(RollNo(primary key),Name,DOB,PhoneNo,Age(derived
attribute )and Address(composite attribute)
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8. Explain the use of High level Conceptual Data Model for Database Design
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High-level conceptual data models provide concepts for presenting data in ways that
are close to the way people perceive data. A typical example is the entity relationship
model, which uses main concepts like entities, attributes and relationships.

Database Design Process


The database design process consists of a number of steps listed below.
Step 1: Requirements Collection and Analysis
● Prospective users are interviewed to understand and document data
requirements
● This step results in a concise set of user requirements, which should be
detailed and complete.
● The functional requirements should be specified, as well as the data
requirements.
● Functional requirements consist of user operations that will be applied to the
database, including retrievals and updates.
Step 2: Conceptual Design
● Once the requirements are collected and analyzed, the designers go about
creating the conceptual schema.
● Conceptual schema: concise description of data requirements of the users, and
includes a detailed description of the entity types, relationships and constraints.
● The concepts do not include implementation details; therefore the end users
easily understand them, and they can be used as a communication tool.
● The conceptual schema is used to ensure all user requirements are met, and
they do not conflict.

Step 3: Database Implementation


● Many DBMS systems use an implementation data model, so the conceptual
schema is transformed from the high-level data model into the implementation
data model.
● This step is called logical design or data model mapping, which results in the
implementation data model of the DBMS.
Step 4: Physical Design
● Internal storage structures, indexes, access paths and file organizations are
specified.
● Application programs are designed and implemented.
9. Illustrate the states of transaction execution with a neat diagram
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There are different types of Transaction States :

Active State –
When the instructions of the transaction are running then the transaction is in active state.

Partially Committed –
After completion of all the read and write operation the changes are made in main
memory or local buffer.

Failed State –
When any instruction of the transaction fails, it goes to the “failed state” or if failure
occurs in making a permanent change of data on Data Base.

Aborted State –
After having any type of failure the transaction goes from “failed state” to “aborted state”
and since in previous states, the changes are only made to local buffer or main memory
and hence these changes are deleted or rolled-back.
Committed State –
It is the state when the changes are made permanent on the Data Base and the transaction
is complete and therefore terminated in the “terminated state”.
Terminated State –
If there isn’t any roll-back or the transaction comes from the “committed state”, then the
system is consistent and ready for new transaction and the old transaction is terminated.
10 Explain the need for normalization in databases
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Normalization is the process of structuring and handling the relationship between data to
minimize redundancy in the relational table and avoid the unnecessary anomalies properties from
the database like insertion, update and delete. It helps to divide large database tables into smaller
tables and make a relationship between them. It can remove the redundant data and ease to add,
manipulate or delete table fields.

A normalization defines rules for the relational table as to whether it satisfies the normal form. A
normal form is a process that evaluates each relation against defined criteria and removes the
multivalued, joins, functional and trivial dependency from a relation. If any data is updated,
deleted or inserted, it does not cause any problem for database tables and help to improve the
relational table' integrity and efficiency.

Objective of Normalization

1. It is used to remove the duplicate data and database anomalies from the relational table.

2. Normalization helps to reduce redundancy and complexity by examining new data types
used in the table.

3. It is helpful to divide the large database table into smaller tables and link them using
relationship.

4. It avoids duplicate data or no repeating groups into a table.

5. It reduces the chances for anomalies to occur in a database.


11 Demonstrate 3NF with an example
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12. Outline the advantages of mobile databases
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Advantages of Mobile Databases

1) Provide access to data by using only a web browser.

2) Provide Internet access to data.

3) Significantly lower the cost of using a database.

4) Make a database available to more users.

5) Reduce adoption time of a new data-based application.

6) Provide users with a familiar web interface.

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