1. Manifesto 1.

It is a published declaration of the intentions, beliefs, motives, or views of someone,

2. Argument 2. This is usually a main idea, often called a “claim” or “thesis statement,” backed up
with evidence that supports the idea.

3. 3. A kind of writing where the students establish a position in a given topic and then
Argumentative use evidence to persuade the audience to see things from their point of view.
writing
4. Deductive 4. Type of argument that starts with a premise that is assumed to be true or correct
and there is no more logical reason than a true premise.

5. Inductive 5. This type of inferences doesn’t have to be true but probably are. This is most likely
the useful and practical argument we can use.

6. Logical 6. These are errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument.

7. False 7. Occurs when an arguer presents his/her argument as one of only two options
Dilemma despite the presence of multiple possibilities.

8. Appeal to 8. Occurs when something is instantly concluded to be true just because it is not
Ignorance proven to be false, and vice versa

9. Slippery Slope 9. Occurs when a series of increasingly superficial and unacceptable consequences is
drawn

10. Complex 10. Occurs when two or more points are rolled into one and the reader is expected to
Question accept or reject both at the same time, when one point may be satisfy

11. Appeal to 11. Occurs when the element of pity is used instead of logical reasoning.
Pity

12. Appeal to 12. Consequences occurs when unpleasant consequences of believing something are
Consequences pointed out to show that the belief is false.

13. Bandwagon 13. Occurs when an argument is considered to be valid because it is what the majority
thinks

14. Appeal to 14. Occurs when the argument quotes an expert who’s not qualified in the particular
Authority subject matter

15. Anonymous 15. The authority in question is not mentioned or named.

17. Introduction 17. A part of position paper which contains background information concerning the
issue( the who, what, where and why), a yes or no question containing the issue, and
the argumentative thesis.

18. 18. It is the sentence that takes a stand on the issue and includes the claims to support
Argumentative your stand.
thesis
19. Claims 19. These are statements that support author’s stand.

20. Body 20. It is a part of position paper that contains the central argument.

21. Conclusion 21. It is a part of position paper that contains a restatement of your thesis and
summarizes your main claims.

22. Educational 22. These are manifestos involving issues concerning education and are written by
Manifesto educators and professionals in the field of education.

23. Election or 23. List of promises to citizens which is issued by a political party. The list shows
Electoral ideology of the party and its commitment to the citizens.
Manifesto
24. Appeal to 24. Occurs when a threat, instead of reasoning is used to argue
Force

25. Attacking 25. Occurs when someone tries to refute an argument by attacking the character of a
the Person person instead of attacking the ideas of the argument.

26. Hasty 26. Occurs when a sample is not significant enough to support a generalization about a
Generalization population

27. To convince 27. What is the goal of position paper?

28. Position 28. It is devoted to discussion of one side of an issue.

29. Issue 29. It is developed into an argumentative thesis that states the stand of the author on
the issue.

30. Issue 30. It is similar to the topic sentence. It is the central concept up for contention.