CLAUSES OF CONDITION ( MỆNH ĐỀ ĐIỀU KIỆN)

TYPE (Loại) IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

1. real If + S + (be)  am / is / are
(có thật) (V)  V / V-s/es S + will / can + V
( not, V)  don’t + V
Ex: If I have time, I will help you.
2. unreal in present If + S + (be)  were
(không thật ở hiện tại) (V)  V_ed / V2 S + would / could + V
( not, V)  didn’t + V
Ex: If I were you, I would come there.
3. unreal in the past If + S + had + V_ed / V3 S+ would / could + have + V_ed / V 3
(không thật ở quá khứ) Ex: If he had studied hard, He would have passed his exam.
Notes: 1. Unless = If … not : nếu … không
Ex1: If she doesn’t study hard, she will fail in the exam.
= Unless she studies hard, she will fail in the exam.
Ex2: If I have time, I will help you.
= Unless I have time, I won’t help you.
2. - Provided ( that) / providing ( that), On condition (that )( víi ®iÒu kiÖn lµ) , As long as, so long as (miÔn lµ, víi ®iÒu kiÖn lµ),
Suppose, supposing ( giả sử như ), In case ( trong trường hợp), Even if ( ngay c¶ khi, dï cho)....dïng ®Ó chØ sù t¬ng ph¶n hay nhÊn m¹nh), cã
thÓ dïng thay cho If trong c©u ®iÒu kiÖn.
eg. Supposing it rains, what will you do ?
I’ll accept your invitation provided you go with me.
Even if he goes to bed early, he always wakes up late .
3) But for / Without + điều kiện loại II, III But for/ without + N : nếu không có…
Viết lại câu của But for với câu điều kiện loại 2
But for + Noun Phrases/Ving, S + could/would + Vinf…
➔ If I were (not) + for + Noun Phrase, S + could/would + Vinf…
Ex: But for the difficult view, that would be a lovely room.(Nếu không vì tầm nhìn khó khăn, kia sẽ là một căn phòng đáng yêu).
➔ If weren’t for the difficult view, that would be a lovely room.
Viết lại câu của But for với câu điều kiện loại 3.
But for + Noun Phrases/Ving, S + could/would + have + V ed/PII…
➔ If it hadn’t been + for + N, S + could/would + have + Ved/PII…
Ex: But for the rain, they would have had a good picnic.(Nếu không vì trời mưa, họ đã có một chuyến dã ngoại tuyệt vời).
➔ If it hadn’t rained, they would have had a good picnic.
Ví dụ: a. You help me everyday so I can finish my work. But for / without your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work.
b. She encouraged him and he succeeded. But for her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
c. The teacher explained and we understood. But for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’t have understood.
Without + N = There …no + N
Ex: Without water, life wouldn’t exist = If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist.
4. Đảo ngữ trong mệnh đề điều kiện
Eg: If he arrives soon, he will meet her  Should he arrive soon, he will meet her
If I were in your position, I wouldn’t do that-  Were I in your position, I wouldn’t do that
If I had more time, my report would be better,  Were I to have more time, my report would be better
If I had invited her to my party, It would have been more fun.  Had I invited her to my party, It would have been more fun
If I hadn’t missed the train, I would be here now.  Had I not missed the train, I would be here now
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
A. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets:
1. If she (read)……………… in bad light, she’ll ruin her eyes.
2. He’ll be late for the bus if he (not start)……….…………. at once.
3. Jim isn’t at home right now. If he (be)…………………. at home, I (visit)……………….…… him.
4. Fred failed the test because he didn’t study. However, if he (study)…………………..…. for the test, he (pass)………….……….. it.
5. If I (know)……………………..….….. that there was a test yesterday, I (study)……………..…………
6. If you have enough time, please (paint) ……………..………….……… the chair before you leave.
7. I (accept)………………………..……….... if they invite me to the party.
8. Had we known your address, we (write)……..…………………………… you a letter.
9. If you (do)…………………....…….. as I told you, you (succeed)…………………..……………….
10. If you come here in Spring, you (have)………………..……………………. a chance to go to the village fair.
11. I could understand the French teacher if she (speak)…………………………………. more slowly.
12. We could go for a drive if today (be)……………………..….. Sunday.
13. If your mother (buy)…………….……….….. that motorcycle for you, will you be happy?
14. If I (see)……………….. the movie last night, I (tell)……………………. you about it.
15. If I made a promise, I (keep)…………………….….. it.
16. If I asked you, …………………… you (accept)………………..…….?
17. You were late last night. If you (arrive)……………..…….. ten minutes earlier, you (get)………………..……. a seat.
18. If he (come)……………………, please (tell)…………..…………. me.
19. If I (realize) ……………..………. that the traffic light were red, I (stop)……………….………
20. I (not do)……………….……. that if I (be)……………….…… you.
Exercise : Choose the best answer.
1. Many workers will be out of work if the factory……..down.
a.had closed b.would close c.closes d.closed
2. If I ……. the rain yesterday, I……..ill.
a.had not caught / would have been b.had not caught / would have not been
c.have not caught / were not d.have not caught / would have been
3. What…….if there….….a serious nuclear accident?
a.will happen / was b.happens / were c.would happen / were d.would happen / had been
4. I would have helped you if………
a.you ask b.there was your asking c.you had asked me d.you asked me
5. We should do something to protect water from being polluted…....we will have nothing to drink in the future.
a.if b.whether c.or d.unless
6. I will never talk to you again…….you apologize me …..your being rude.
a.if / for b.unless / for c.or / of d.whether / or
7. If I had time, I would go with you.
a. I am free and surely go with you. b. I am too busy to go with you.
c.I will go with you because I have time. D. I am free enough to go with you.
8. …….you don’t like coffee, I’ll bring you some milk.
a.whether b.or c.if d.unless
9. If I……..so late, we could have a drink.
a.is not b.was not c.were not d.be not
10. Had I had some more money, I…..that book.
a.would buy b.will buy c.would have bought d.all are correct
11. I think you should stop smoking.
a.If I am you, I will stop smoking. b.If I were you, I will stop smoking.
c.If I were you, I would stop smoking. d.If I had been you, I would stop smoking.
12 …….you work harder, you will be sack.
a.Whether b.If c.However d.Unless
13. What would John do if he…..the director of this company?
a.is b.was c.were d.has been
14. If we had had time, we……to the party.
a.would have gone b.can go c.will go d.will have gone
15. If I were you, I……...that job.
a.would apply for that job b.will ask for c.will have changed d.can take
16. If there were no gravity, water………never run downhill.
a.will b.can c.won’t d.would
17. What……..if the earth sudddenly stopped going round the sun?
a.happens b.will happen c.would happen d.happened
18. What….happen if you come late for the meering tomorrow?
a.will be b.would be c.will d.would
19. If we ….….enough rain, we could have grown rice.
a.had had b.had c.have had d.didn’t have
20. We couldn’t understand the teacher if he….….too fast.
a.spoke b.has spoken c.doesn’t speak d.didn’t speak
21. I’ll be able to speak English well if I……hard.
a.studied b.study c.have studied d.had studied
22. If he..……that she was in hospital, he……..to see her.
a.knows/will come b.knew/would come c.had known/would have come d.has known/will have come
23. If everything is all right, we….….our work on time.
a.complete b.are completing c.have completed d.will complete
24. We didn’t visit the museum because we had no time.
a.If we have time, we will visit the museum. b. If we had time, we would visit the museum.
c.If we had had time, we would have visited the museum. d.If we had had time, we will have visited the museum.
25. The baby will be ill,…………………
a.unless you keep him warm. b.if you will keep him warm. c.unless you kept him warm. d.if you kept him warm.
26. ……..harder, you would have passed the exam.
a.If you studied b.If had you studied c.Had you studied d.were you studied
27……..at 4 o’clock, we would have missed seeing Bob.
a.If we had gone b.Had we gone c.Because we had gone d.a and b
28. If I hadn’t been too tired, I ……….the film last night.
a.won’t miss b.wouldn’t miss c.wouldn’t have missed d.won’t have missed
29. ………., I’d have told you the answer.
a.If you asked me b.Unless you asked me c.You had asked me d.Had you asked me
30. Unless you….quiet, I’ll scream.
a.don’t keep b.keep c.kept d.didn’t keep
31. John is fat because he eats so many chips.
A. If John doesn’t eat so many chips, he will not be fat. B. If John didn’t eat so many chips, he would not be fat.
C. John is fat though he eats so many chips. D. being fat, John eats so many chips.
32. She was tired , so she didn’t enjoy the party .
A.If she were tired , she wouldn’t enjoy the party . B.If she weren’t tired , she would enjoy the party .
C.If she had been tired , she wouldn’t have enjoyed the party . D.If she hadn’t been tired , she would have enjoyed the party .
33. You drink too much coffee ; that’s why you can’t sleep.
 A. If you didn’t drink too much coffee, you could sleep. B. You couldn’t sleep although you drank too much coffee.
C. If you hadn’t drunk too much coffee, you could have slept . D. If you don’t drink too much coffee, you can sleep.
34. Mary didn’t wear the raincoat, so she got cold.
A. If Mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn’t get a cold. B. If Mary had worn the raincoat, she didn’t get a cold.
C. If Mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn’t have got a cold. D. If Mary has worn the raincoat, she wouldn’t have got a cold.
35. It rains so we can’t go to school
A. If it rains, I could go to school B. If it didn’t rain, I could go to school
C. If it not rain, I could go to school D. If it rains, I can go to school
36. What ……you……when you finish school?
a. will/ do b. would /do c. could/ do d. are/ doing
37. ………..she studies hard, she ………the coming tests.
a. If/ will fail b. Unless/ will fail c. If/ would fail d. If/ won’t pass
38. …… gravity is zero, everything will float.
a. If b. When c. Unless d. until
39. If it ………., we’ll have to cancel the trip.
a. doesn’t rain b. rains c. rained d. is raining
40. We ………. the exam easily if we knew the answer.
a. will pass b. would do c. would fail d. would pass
41. If she …………………….. the lottery last year, She……………………..rich now.
A. Have won/would be B. had won/would be C. won/would be D. wins/will be
42. If I ……………..the homework last night, I……………..bonus today.
A. Had done/would get B. had done/would have got C. done/would get D. does/will get
43. If we had played this game yesterday, we……………….a lot of money now.
A. Will have B. may have C. would have had D. would have
44. If it ……………………………last night, it would be cold today.
A. Had rained B. rained C. have rained D. was raining
45. If she……………….to me, she……………………..in trouble right now.
A. Had listened/would be B. had listened/would have be C. had listened/would not be D. A and B
Exercise 3: Put “if” or “unless” into these spaces.
1/ ________ we hurry, we’ll miss the bus.
2/ Will you phone me ________ you come to England ?
3/ ________ you see Jane, ask her to contact me.
4/ You’ll never pass your exam ________ you don’t work harder.
5/ Liverpool won’t win ________ they begin playing better.
6/ ________ you forget our address, you can find it in the phone book.
7/ You won’t pass your driving test ________ you drive more carefully.
8/ He’ll be ill ________ he doesn’t stop worrying so much.
9/ We’ll go to the beach tomorrow ________ it’s raining.
10/ We’ll never get there on time ________ the train leaves soon.
Exercise 4: Chọn lỗi sai
1. (A)Unless there (B)had been a (C)heavy storm, the climber (D)will not have died.
2. What (A)would happen (B)if there (C)was (D)no water?
3. A)If forests (B)had not been destroyed, there (C)will have been (D)no floods
4. (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich.
5. (A)What (B)would you have do (D)if you (D)were in my position?
6. (A)If I (B)had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you.
7. If (A)had I known you (B)were (C)in financial difficulty, I (D)would have helped you.
8. (A)If she (B)had listened (C)to my direction she (D)will not turn down the wrong street.
9. My children (A)won’t go to bed (B)unless they (C)don’t have (D)some money.
10. If you (A)keep on (B)playing games (C)on the computer, I (D)would sell it.
11. (A)Unless it (B)rains, we (C)will stay (D)at home.
12. (A)If I (B)am (C)a director, I (D)would make more film about children.
13. We (A)will go (B)to see the film “Titanic” (C)if the weather (D)is fine or not.
14. (A)Had he planned (B)on going, he (C)will have let us (D)know.
15. If you hadn’t (A) left the car(B) unlocked, it (C) wouldn’t have(D) be stolen.
Choose the best answer.
1. ____ Mary study hard, she will pass the exam
a. If b. Should c. Were d. Had
2. ____they stronger, they could lift the table
a. If b. Should c. Were d. Had
3. ____Mary studied hard, she would have passed the exam
a. If b. Should c. Were d. Had
4. _____ I to learn English, I would read a English book.
a. If b. Should c. Were d. Had
5. _____ I you, I wouldn’t turn down his invitation
a. Do b. Should c. Were d. Had
6. ____ Adam Levine, I might not have met you.
a. Had it not for b. Had not it been for c. Had it no been for d. Had it not been for
7. ___________________________, you would have succeeded in your business.
A. If you listened to my advice B. Were you to listen to my advice
C. Had you listened to my advice D. As long as you listened to my advice
8. ____________________, he would have been able to pass the exam.
A. If he studied harder last year B. Provided he studied hard last year
C. Studying harder last year D. Had he studied harder last year
9. My father paid my fees. _______________that, I wouldn’t be here now.
A. If there were not B. But for C. Had it not been for D. B and C are correct
10. It would have been a much more serious accident...........fast at the time.
A. had she been driving B. was she driving C. she had driven D. she drove
11. ............. interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.
A. Were I B. Should I C. I was D. If I am
12. .........then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.
A. Had I known B. Did I know C. If I know D. If I would know
13. If the pain ______ , you’d better take another pill.
A. returns B. returned C. will return D. would return
14. Do’t try to lift that box ______ you’ll hurt yourself.
A. or B. if C. unless D. so
15. You can borrow my camera ______ you’re careful with it.
A. unless B. so C. as long as D. but for
16. If you ______ me up in the middle of the night, I wouldn’t feel so tired now.
A. didn’t wake B. hadn’t woken C. don’t wake D. wouldn’t have woken
17. But for the presence of the TV celebrity, the party ______ a success.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. would have been D. wouldn’t be
18. ______ anything about the murder, phone the police.
A. If you knew B. Were you know C. Should you know D. Will you know
19. ______ in a spaceship, I would be extremely excited.
A. Were I fly B. Should I fly C. Had I flown D. Were I to fly
20. Rachel will be pleased ______ she pass her driving test.
A. should B. unless C. if D. so
21. You can use my car ______ you drive carefully.
A. unless B. as long as C. as soon as D. when
22. The bus won’t stop ______ you ring the bell.
A. if B. as soon as C. providing D. unless
23. You’d better take a coat ______ it gets cold.
A. if B. in case C. as long as D. while
24. ______ the help from the rescue team, I could have drowned.
A. If B. Unless C. Without D. Supposing
25. ______, I wouldn’t have missed the flight.
A. If I hadn’t arrived late B. But for my late arrival C. Had I not arrived late D. All are correct
Exercise 5: Write conditional sentences :
1. He didn’t take her advice, so he failed in the exam. If ………………………………………………………………………………….
2. He does not have the library card, so he cannot borrow books. If ………………………………………………………………………..
3. The children do not go to the circus, so they cannot see the performing animals.
 If ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. He is ill, so he can not participate in the match.If ……………………………………………………………………………………….
5 He was tired, so he could not score any goal. If ………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. They made a lot of preparations; therefore, the Olympic Games were a great success.
 If …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. You didn’t take a trip last week, so you didn’t see a lot of beautiful sights.
 If …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Because the buses are full up, they do not stop. ……………………………………………………………………………………….
9/ She is living in China because she got married to a Chinese. ……………………………………………………………………
10/ I don’t have enough money. I can’t go on a long holiday this year.. ……………………………………………………………………
11/ He is very slow, so we won’t give his such an important task. . ………………………………………………………………………
12/ She did the homework last night so she gets a high score today.--> …………………………………………………………………………………..
13/ City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive.
. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
14/ There are industrial factories inside the city, that’s why pollution can’t be reduced.
. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
15/ He didn’t look a lot better because he didn’t shave more often.. …………………………………………………………………
16/ She was ill. She didn’t go to work.. ………………………………………………………………………………
17/ It was raining all morning. We didn’t go out.. ………………………………………………………………………………
18/ He was tired. He made a mistake.. ………………………………………………………………………………
19/ Peter didn’t write to me. I didn’t write to him.. ………………………………………………………………………………
20/ You didn’t ask Alice. She didn’t tell you the truth.. ………………………………………………………………………………
Bài tập : Viết lại câu theo gợi ý
1. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now. If I………………………………….
2. If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.But for………………………………………
3. If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it. If I ………………………………………
4. I only come if they invite me. Unless……………………….
5. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam. If he………………………………………………
6. His sister sent her money, so he continued to study. But for…………………………………………
7. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk. If you walk……………………………….
8. In case it rains, we’ll stay at home  If it……………………………..
9. Unless he phones her immediately, he won’t get any informationIf ……………………………………………………
10. If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he wouldn’t have failed in his examination. Unless…………………………………………
11. Bill never does anything if you don’t tell him what to do.Unless………………………………………………………….…
12. She encouraged him and he succeeded in the exam . But for…………………………………………
13. The teacher explained and we understood.  Without …………………………………………………………
14. If we did not have water, we could not live  But for …………………………………………………………………
15. Ms Phương helped me a lot, otherwise I would have failed  If ………………………………………………………
16.If Minh Anh hadn’t encouraged me, I would have give up it.
➔ But for ______________________________________________________________.
17. But for Lim, Jim couldn’t go out yesterday.
➔ If ____________________________________________________________________.
18. If it hadn’t been for our parents, Kim wouldn’t have never been successful.
➔ But for ______________________________________________________________.
19. If it hadn’t been for Van Lam, Vietnam would have lost.
➔ But for ______________________________________________________________.
20. But for my best friends, Hung would die.
➔ If _________________________________________________________________.
Bài tập : Sửa các câu sai sau:
1. Should anyone rang, can you take a message?
2. Were the customers not complained, nothing would have been done.
3. Was I a bird, I would fly.
4. Unless you don’t have a good command of English, you won't be able to work for this company.
5. Were they live in Australia now, they would go swimming.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------