Study Material for

Butterfly – Assessment Test

Class – X
This study material has been designed exclusively to facilitate your preparation for the
upcoming assessment test as well as to unravel your full potential. Through the proper
utilization of this study material, you would be able to engage in self- study, the study package
will ensure that you remain focused and progress through various concepts being introduced in
the study material in easy & understandable manner. Your engagement with the study package
will also convince us that you can do reasonable self-study, you are self- motivated to prepare
for competitive exams and career. Further you are mentally ready to cope with the ethical
pressure of preparing for competitive exams.
This material comprehensively covers the basic and vital concepts with suitable illustrations,
solved problems, and level wise exercises for better understanding and application of concepts
by the students.
The study material is aimed to nurture students’ IQ and enhance their critical & higher order
thinking skills. To get maximum benefit from this study material, it is advisable to read the below
instructions carefully and adhere to it.
 In each chapter theory is well supplemented with graded illustrations and solved
objective and subjective examples. Assignments of varying difficulties are also provided
so that students can further hone their skills.

 Try to solve the problems and exercises given after thorough understanding of the
related topics/concepts in the chapter explained through suitable illustrations and solved
examples. The next step should be to attempt the assignments after every chapter.

 The purpose of the assignments is to give you practice in solving various levels and
varieties of problems targeting various competitive exams. Every problem in the
assignments has a highlighted concept. Before solving a problem from an assignment
make sure that you have understood the concept, memorized the formulae, gone
through the illustrations, and have solved the solved problems (on your own before
checking the solution). Try not to open the study material while attempting the
assignments.

 Attempt the assignments and exercises with full integrity. Keep trying on your own even
if you find it difficult to reach the correct answer. It is advised to approach your friends or
teachers only after making a lot of attempts on your own.

 Do not refer to the answer and work backwards. Getting an answer using such a
strategy would only prove that you have solved it but would not develop your thinking
ability. To develop your cognitive skills and strengthen your application you must
honestly attempt the problem and then refer to the answers.
Wishing you all success.
TEAM FIITJEE

BAT-2425-C-10-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRY
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T RIGONOMETRY
Trigonometrical Ratios for Acute Angles

A
OA is a revolving line making an angle  with the positive y
direction of x-axis. P
P is any point on OA. PM is perpendicular to OX, OM is the base
or adjacent side and OP is the hypotenuse. 
PM PM x O M x
is defined as sine of POM  = sin 
OP OP
OM OM y
is defined as cosine of POM  = cos 
OP OP
PM PM
is defined as tangent of POM  = tan 
OM OM
OP
is defined as cosecant of POM
PM
OP 1
 = cosec  =
PM sin 
OP OP 1
is defined as secant of POM  = sec  =
OM OM cos 
OM OM 1
is defined as cotangent of POM  = cot  = .
PM PM tan 

Fundamental Relation between the Trigonometrical Ratios of an Acute Angle

In a right angled triangle POM P

OP2 = PM2 + OM2 (using Pythagoras theorem)
2 2
 PM   OM 
     =1
 OP   OP 
 sin2  + cos2  = 1. …(1)

Similarly,
O M
1 + tan2  = sec2 . …(2)
1 + cot2  = cosec2 . …(3)
Note:
These relations are valid for any angle also.

 Illustration 1:
1+ tan 2 θ
Simplify .
1+ cot 2 θ

1  tan2  sec 2  sin2  2 2 2 2

Solution: 2
= 2
= 2
= tan2  [ sec  = 1+ tan , cosec  = 1+ cot ]
1  cot  cos ec  cos 

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 Illustration 2:
Prove that (cosec  + cot ) (1 – cos ) = sin .

Solution: L.H.S. = (cosec  + cot ) (1 – cos )

 1 cos  
=   1  cos  
 sin  sin  
1  cos 1  cos   1  cos2  sin2 
    sin   R.H.S
sin  sin  sin 

 Illustration 3:
tan 2 θ
Prove that = secθ -1
secθ +1

tan2  sec 2   1  sec   1 sec   1

Solution: L.H.S.      sec   1  R.H.S
sec   1 sec   1  sec   1

Exercise 1:
Prove the following identities:
1
(i) cot2 – = -1
sin2 θ
tan 3 θ -1
(ii) = sec 2 θ + tanθ
tanθ -1
sinθ - 2sin 3 θ
(iii) = tanθ
2cos 3 θ - cosθ
sinθ + cosθ sinθ - cosθ 2
(iv) + =
sinθ - cosθ sinθ + cosθ sin θ - cos 2 θ
2

(v) tan2x – sin2x = tan2x.sin2x

 Illustration 4:
If x = a cos  - b sin  and y = asin  + bcos prove that x2 + y2 = a2 + b2.
2 2
Solution: L.H.S. = x + y
2 2
  a cos   b sin     a sin   bcos  
=  a2 cos 2   b2 sin2   2ab sin  cos     a2 cos 2   b2 sin2   2ab sin  cos  

  
 a2 cos 2   sin2   b2 cos2   sin2   a2  b2 
Exercise 2:
1 1
(i) If secθ = x + , prove that sec + tan = 2x or .
4x 2x
(ii) If tan  + sin  = m and tan  – sin  = n, show that (m2 – n2) = 4 mn .
(iii) a cos – b sin = c, prove that a sin + b cos =  a2 + b2 - c 2 .
2 2/3 2 2/3
(iv) If cosec  - sin  = m and sec  – cos  = n, prove that (m n) + (mn ) = 1.

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 Illustration 5:
Determine whether the following equations are identities
(a) tan4 + tan6 = tan3 sec2
tanθ + sinθ secθ +1
(b) =
tanθ - sinθ secθ -1

Solution: (a) L.H.S. = tan4 + tan6 = tan4 (1 + tan2) = tan4 sec2

 R. H. S
Hence the given equation is not an identity.
tan   sin 
(b) L.H.S. =
tan   sin 
sin   1 
 sin  sin    1
= cos    cos   = sec   1 = R. H. S
sin  1  sec   1
 sin  sin    1
cos   cos  
Hence the given equation is an identity.

Exercise 3:
Determine whether the following equations are identities
cosθ sinθ
(i) + = sinθ + cosθ
1 - tanθ 1 - cotθ
(ii) sin 4 θ - cos 4 θ = sin 2 θ - cos 2 θ
(iii) cot  + tan  = sec   cosec 
1 - tan 2 θ
(iv) 2 cos2  – 1 = .
1+ tan 2 θ

Values of Trigonometric Ratios for an Acute Angle (for angle of 450)

Let POM = 450. P

0
From P draw perpendicular on OA so that OPM = 45 .
0
45
If OM = a, then OM = PM = a and OP2 = OM2 + PM2 = 2a2. 2a
PM a 1 a
0
 OP = 2 a  sin 45 =   0
OP 2a 2 0 90
45
0 OM a 1 M
and cos 45 =   . O a A
OP 2a 2
3 1 1 3 sin300 1 1
Similarly, sin 600 = , cos 600 = and sin 300 = , cos 300 =  tan 300 = 0
 
2 2 2 2 cos 30 3 cot 300
0 sin600 1
and tan 60 = 0
 3 .
cos 60 cot 60 0
Also sin 00 = 0, cos 00 = 1
sin00 cos 00 1
 tan 00 =  0 and cot 00
=  = undefined.
cos00 sin00 0

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The values of various trigonometric ratios of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° are in following table:


0° 30° 45° 60° 90°
T. ratios
1 1 3
sin 0 1
2 2 2
3 1 1
cos 1 0
2 2 2
1
tan 0 1 3 not defined
3
2
cosec not defined 2 2 1
3
2
sec 1 2 2 not defined
3
1
cot not defined 3 1 0
3

 Illustration 6:
Solve each of the following equations when 00 <  < 900
(a) 2 sin  – 1 = 0
(b) 2 cos2  = ½
(c) tan2 + 3 = 3 sec .

Solution: (a) 2 sin  1 = 0  sin  = ½   = 300.

2 2
(b) 2 cos  = ½  cos  = ¼  cos  =  ½
Since  is an acute angle. So, negative sign is not accepted.
Hence cos  = ½   = 600.
(c) tan2 + 3 = 3 sec .
sec2 – 1 + 3 = 3 sec 
sec2 –3 sec  + 2 = 0
(sec  – 1) (sec  – 2) = 0
Case 1: sec  – 1 = 0  sec  = 1
0
 cos  = 1   = 90 .
 is an acute angle, so  = 900 is not accepted.
Case 2: sec  – 2 = 0
0
sec  = 2  cos  = ½   = 60 .

Exercise 4:
(i) Solve each of the following equations when 0 <  < 90
2 cosθ cosθ
(a) sin  – 2 cos  + ¼ = 0 (b) + =2
cosecθ +1 cosecθ -1
cos 2 θ - 3cosθ + 2
(c) =1
sin 2 θ
1
(ii) If tan  = 1 and sin  = , find the value of cos ( + ) if  and  both are acute angles.
2

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TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES
a
sin (90 – ) =  cos  A
c
b
cos (90 – ) =  sin  90–
c
a c
tan (90 – ) =  cot  b
b
b
cot (90 – ) =  tan  
a
c B a C
sec (90 – ) =  cosec
b
c
cosec (90 – ) =  sec 
a

 Illustration 7:
3sin62° sec42°
Find the value of - .
cos28° cosec48°

3 sin62 sec 42

Solution: 
cos28 cosec48
3 sin(90  28) sec(90  48)
= 
cos28 cosec48
3cos 28 cos ec48
=  = 3 – 1 = 2.
cos28 cos ec48

Exercise 5:
Evaluate the following:
cos75° sin12° cos18°
(i) + -
sin15° cos78° sin72°
sin50° cosec40°
(ii) + - 2cos50°cosec40°
cos40° sec50°
cos70° cos55°cosec35°
(iii) +
sin20° tan5°tan25°tan45°tan65°tan85°
cos 2 20° + cos 2 70°
(iv) 2 2
+ sin 2 64° + cos64°sin26°
sin 20° + sin 70°
-tanθcot(90 - θ)+ secθcosec(90 - θ)+ sin 2 35 + sin 2 55
(v)
tan10°tan20°tan45°tan70°tan80°

Trigonometric Ratios of any Angle

Consider the system of rectangular co-ordinate axes dividing the plane into four quadrants. A line OP
makes angle  with the positive x-axis. The angle  is said to be positive if measured in counter
clockwise direction from the positive x-axis and is negative if measured in clockwise direction. The
positive values of the trigonometric ratios in the various quadrants are shown, the signs of the other ratios
may be derived. Note that xoy = /2, xox' =  , xoy' = 3/2.

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y y

P2 quadrant II (S) quadrant I (A)

P1 sin, cosec + ve All ratio + ve

Q3 Q
x 4
x x x
Q2 O Q1 O
quadrant III (T) quadrant IV (C)
tan, cot + ve cos, sec + ve
P3 P4

y y
PiQi is positive if above the x-axis, negative if below the x-axis, OPi is always taken as positive. OQi is
positive if along positive x-axis, negative if in the opposite direction.
PQ OQi PQ
sin QiOPi  i i , cos QiOPi  , tan QiOPi  i i (where i = 1, 2, 3, 4 )
OPi OPi OQi
Thus depending on signs of OQi and PiQi the various trigonometrical ratios will have different signs.
TABLE
 equals sin cos tan cot sec cosec
– – sin cos –tan – cot sec –cosec 
90° –  cos sin cot tan cosec sec
90° +  cos – sin –cot – tan –cosec sec
180°–  sin – cos – tan – cot – sec cosec
180°+  – sin – cos tan cot – sec –cosec
360°–  – sin cos – tan – cot sec –cosec
360°+  sin cos tan cot sec cosec
Note:
Angle  and 90°–  are complementary angles,  and 180°–  are supplementary angles.

 Illustration 8:
3sin62° sec42°
Find the value of - .
cos28° cosec48°

3 sin62 sec 42 3 sin(90  28) sec(90  48)

Solution:  = 
cos 28 cos ec48  cos 28 cos ec48 
3cos 28 cos ec48
=  = 3 – 1 = 2.
cos 28 cos ec48

Trigonometrical Ratio of the Sum and Difference of Two Angles

sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B

Proof:

Let the revolving line start from OA and trace out the angle AOB = A and BOC = B.

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In the final position of the revolving ray take any point P and draw PM and PN  to OA and OB
respectively and NR parallel to OA .
C
RPN = 90 – PNR = RNO = NOQ = A. P
Hence sin (A + B) = sin AOP
MP MR  RP QN RP QN ON RP NP B
=  =  =   
OP OP OP OP ON OP NP OP R N
 sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B. …(1)
Again cos (A + B) = cos AOP
B
OM OQ  MQ OQ RN OQ ON RN NP
=  =  =    A
OP OP OP OP ON OP NP OP
O M Q A
 cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B ……(2)
Like wise
sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B, ……(3)
cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B, ……(4)
tan A  tanB
tan (A + B) = , ……(5)
1  tan A tanB
tan A  tanB
tan (A – B) = , ……(6)
1  tan A tanB

Note:
 These results are true for all values of A and B
 When A = B, then formulae (1), (2) and (3) become
2 tan A
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A = ,
1  tan2 A
1  tan2 A
cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A = 1 – 2 sin2 A = 2 cos2 A – 1 = ,
1  tan2 A
2 tan A
tan 2A = .
1  tan2 A
 sin 3A = 3 sin A  4 sin3 A
cos 3A = 4 cos3 A  3 cos A
3 tan A  tan3 A
tan 3A =
1  3 tan2 A

 Illustration 9:
0
For A = 30 , verify that sin2A = 2sinA cosA.

3
Solution: L.H.S. = sin 2A = sin(2  30o) = sin 60o =
2
R. H. S. = 2 sinA cosA = 2 sin 30o cos 30o
 1  3  3
= 2   
2
   2 2

L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Hence proved.

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 Illustration 10:
o
Using the formula sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B, find the value of sin 75 .
o
Solution: sin 75 = sin (45  + 30  )
= sin 45  cos 30  + cos 45  sin 30 
1 3 1 1 3 1
=    
2 2 2 2 2 2

Exercise 6:
1 - tan 2 A
(i) For A = 30o, verify that cos2A = .
1+ tan 2 A
o
(ii) Using the formula sin(A–B) =sinAcosB – cosAsinB, find the value of sin 15 .

Relations between one trigonometric ratio to another trigonometric ratio. (Acute)

sin  cos  tan  cot  sec  cosec 
tan  1 2
sec   1 1
sin  sin  1  cos2  2 2
1  tan  1  cot  sec  cosec
1 cot  1 cos ec 2   1
cos  1  sin2  cos  2 2
1  tan  1  cot  sec  cos ec
sin  1  cos 2  1 1
tan  2 tan  sec 2   1
1  sin  cos  cot  cos ec 2   1
1  sin2  cos  1 1
cot  2 cot  cosec 2   1
sin  1  cos  tan sec 2   1
1 1 1  cot 2  cos ec
sec  2 1  tan2  sec 
1  sin  cos cot  cos ec 2   1
1 1 1  tan2  sec 
cosec  2 1  cot 2  Cosec 
sin  1  cos  tan  sec 2   1

 Illustration 11:
12
If cosθ = , find the values of other trigonometric ratios of acute angle .
13
12
Solution: cos  
13
2
 12  5
sin   1  cos 2   1    
 13  13
sin  5 /13 5
tan    
cos  12 /13 12
1 1 12
cot    
tan  5 /12 5
1 1 13
sec    
cos  12 /13 12
1 1 13
cosec    .
sin  5 /13 5

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Exercise 7:
1 2secθ
(i) If cosθ = and 0° < θ < 90° , find the value of .
2 1+ tan 2 θ
3 2
(ii) If sinθ = and 0° <  < 90°, , find the value of  tan   sec   .
5
(iii) If the given figure, ABC is a right angled A

triangle. D is the mid-point of BC. Show


tanθ 1
that = . 
tanj 2

B D C

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KEY TO EXERCISES

Exercise 3:
(i) Yes
(ii) yes
(iii) Yes
(iv) Yes

Exercise 4:
(i) (a) 60o (b)  = 45o (c) 60o
(ii) 0

Exercise 5:
(i) 1
(ii) 0
(iii) 2
(iv) 2
(v) 2.

Exercise 6:
3 1
(ii)
2 2

Exercise 7:
(i) 1
(ii) 4

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FORMULAE AND CONCEPTS AT A GLANCE

 cos2   sin2   1
 sec 2   1  tan2 
 cosec 2   cot 2   1
sin 
 tan  
cos 
a
 sin (90 – ) =  cos 
c
b A
 cos (90 – ) =  sin 
c
90–
a
 tan (90 – ) =  cot 
b c
b
b
 cot (90 – ) =  tan 
a 
c B a C
 sec (90 – ) =  cos ec
b
c
 cosec (90 – ) =  sec 
a
 sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
 cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B
 sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B, ……(3)
 cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B, ……(4)
tan A  tanB
 tan (A + B) = , ……(5)
1  tan A tanB
tan A  tanB
 tan (A – B) = , ……(6)
1  tan A tanB
2 tan A
 sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A = ,
1  tan2 A
1  tan2 A
 cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A = 1 – 2 sin2 A = 2 cos2 A – 1 = ,
1  tan2 A
2 tan A
 tan 2A = .
1  tan2 A
 sin 3A = 3 sin A  4 sin3 A
 cos 3A = 4 cos3 A  3 cos A
3 tan A  tan3 A
 tan 3A =
1  3 tan2 A

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A B A B
 sinA + sinB = 2sin cos
2 2
A B A B
 sinA – sinB = 2cos sin
2 2
A B A B
 cosA + cosB = 2cos cos
2 2
A B BA A B A B
 cosA – cosB = 2sin sin or – 2sin sin
2 2 2 2
 2sinAcosB = sin(A + B) + sin(A – B)
 2cosAsinB = sin(A + B) – sin(A – B)
 2cosAcosB = cos(A + B) + cos(A – B)
 2sinAsinB = cos(A – B) – cos(A + B)

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SOLVED PROBLEMS

SUBJECTIVE

Section – A

Problem 1. If sin = a, (0° <  < 90°), then cot = ?.

Solution: sin = a
1
cosec =
a
2 1
cosec  =
a2
1 1  a2
cosec2 – 1 = 1
a2 a2
1  a2
 cot2 =
a2
 1  a2
 cot =
a
1  a2
Since 0° <  < 90°, cot =
a

Problem 2. Evaluate sin227° + sin263° – sin245°.

Solution: sin227° + sin263° – sin245°

2
2 2  1 
= sin 27° + sin (90° – 27°) –  
 2
1
= sin227° + cos227° –
2
1 1
=1– 
2 2

b
Problem 3: If tan A  , where a and b are real numbers, find the value of sin2A.
a

b
Solution: tan A 
a
tan A b/a b
sin A =  
2 2 2
1  tan A 1 b / a a  b2
2

b2
sin2 A  .
a2  b2

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4 sin   3 cos 
Problem 4: If 3 tan  = 4, find the value of .
3 sin   2 cos 

4
Solution: Given that 3 tan  = 4  tan  
3
sin  4 16 16  9
4 3 4 3 3
4 sin   3 cos  cos  4 tan   3 3 3 7 7
Now,      3   .
3 sin   2cos  sin  3 tan   2 4 42 6 3  6 18
3 2 3  2
cos  3

1
Problem 5: Prove that cos 2   1.
1  cot 2 

Solution: L.H.S.
sin2  2 2
cos2   2 2
= cos  + sin  = 1.
sin   cos 

Problem 6: If (2 + 30°) and (45° ) are acute angles, then find the degree measure of  satisfying
sin(2 + 30°) = cos(45°  ).

Solution: sin(2 + 30°) = cos(45°  )

We know
sin(90°  ) = cos
 cos(45°  ) = sin(90°  (45°  )) = sin(2 + 30°)
 sin(45° + ) = sin(2 + 30°)
 45° +  = 2 + 30°   = 15°.

sin4  cos 4  1 sin8  cos 8  1

Problem 7: If   , prove that 3
 3
 .
a b ab a b ( a  b )3

sin4  cos4  1
Solution: Given  
a b ab
 b(a + b) sin4 + a(a + b) (1 sin2)2 = ab
(a2 + b2 + 2ab) sin4  2a(a + b) sin2 + a2 = 0
2 4 2 2
(a + b) sin   2a(a + b) sin  + a = 0
2 2 a
 ((a + b) sin   a) = 0  sin2  
ab
b
 cos2   1  sin2  
ab
sin8  a cos8  b
 3
 4
also 3

a (a  b) b (a  b)4
sin8  cos8  1
 3
 3
 proved.
a b (a  b)3

sin A sin B sinC

Problem 8: In a triangle ABC, show that   , where a, b and c are the opposite
a b c
sides of the vertex A, B and C respectively.

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Solution: Let a perpendicular be drawn from A

the vertex A on the side BC and D
be foot of the perpendicular.
In a right angled triangle ADB, c b
AD
sinB 
c
 AD = c sinB ….(i)
B C
In a right angled triangle ADC, D
AD AD a
sinC  
AC b
AD = b sinC ….(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
csinB = bsinC
sinB sinC

b c
sin A sinB
Similarly, we can prove 
a b
Combining both, we have.
sin A sinB sinC
 
a b c

Problem 9: Prove that (sec A + tan A) (sec B + tan B) (sec C + tan C) = (sec A – tan A)
(sec B – tan B) (sec C – tan C) =  1.

Solution: We know that sec2 A – tan2 A = 1

 (sec2 A – tan2 A) (sec2 B – tan2 B) (sec2 C – tan2 c) = 1
 (sec A + tan A) ) (sec A – tan A) (sec B + tan B) (sec B – tan B) (sec C + tan C) (sec C
– tan C) = 1
 (sec A + tan A) (sec B + tan B) (sec C + tan C)
(sec A – tan A) (sec B – tan B) (sec C – tan C) = 1 ………(1)
(sec A + tan A) (sec B + tan B) (sec C + tan C)
= (sec A – tan A) (sec B – tan B) (sec C – tan C) …………(2) [Given]
On putting the value of (sec A – tan A) (sec B – tan B) (sec C – tan C) from (2) in (1), we
get (sec A + tan A)2 (sec B + tan B)2 (sec C + tan C)2 = 1
 (sec A + tan A) (sec B + tan B) (sec C + tan C) =  1
From (2), (sec A – tan A) (sec B – tan B) (sec C – tan C) =  1.
1 1 1
Problem 10: Prove that area of triangle ABC is equal to bc sin A  ca sin B  ab sinC , where a, b
2 2 2
and c are the opposite sides of the angles A, B and C respectively.

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A
Solution: Let D be the foot of the perpendicular
drawn from the vertex A on base BC (= a).
So, the height of triangle c b
= AD = AB sinB = csinB
Area of triangle ABC
1 1 B C
=  base  height   a  c sinB D
2 2 a
Similarly, we can prove
1 1
Area of triangle = bc sin A  absinC .
2 2

Problem 11: If sin + sin2 + sin3 = 1; then prove that cos6  4cos4 + 8cos2 = 4.

Solution: sin(1 + sin2) = 1  sin2

Squaring both side
sin2 (2  cos2)2 = cos4
 (1  cos2) (4  4cos2 + cos4) = cos4
4  4cos2 + cos4  4cos2 + 4cos4  cos6 = cos4
 cos6  cos4 + 8 cos2 = 4 proved.
Problem 12: Prove the following identities:
(a) sec2  + cosec2 = sec2   cosec2 (b) tan2 – sin2 = tan2  sin2

Solution: (a) L.H.S = sec2  + cosec2

1 1 sin2   cos2 
=  
cos2  sin2  cos2   sin2 
1
 = sec2   cosec2 = R. H. S
cos 2   sin2 
 1 
(b) L.H.S. = tan2 – sin2  sin2   2
 1
 cos  
 1  cos2   sin2 
 sin2     sin 2
  = tan2  sin2 = R. H. S.
2
 cos   cos2 
Problem 13: Without using tables, evaluate the following:
cot  tan(90  ) – sec(90  ) cosec + sin225 + sin265

 3 tan 5 o tan 45 o tan 85 o . 
2 2
Solution: cot   tan (90  ) – sec (90  ) cosec  + sin 25 + sin 65
 3  tan 5o tan 45o tan85o 
 cot   cot   cosec   cosec  + sin2 25 + sin2 (90  25)
 
+ 3  tan5o  1 tan 90o  5o  [  tan (90 - ) = cot , sec (90  ) = cosec ]
2 2 2 2
= –(cosec  – cot ) + (sin 25 + cos 25)  3  tan5 o  cot 5 o 
[  sin (90  ) = cos ]
1
= 1 + 1  3  tan50  3.
tan5o
 1 
 cos ec   cot   1, sin   cos   1, cot   tan  
2 2 2 2

 

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2 sin68 2 cot15 3 tan 45 tan 20 tan 40 tan 50 tan70 
Problem 14: Prove that   1
cos 22 5 tan75  5

Solution: We know sin(90°  ) = cos

 cos22° = sin(90°  22°) = sin68°
Also tan(90°  ) = cot
 cot15° = tan(90°  15°) = tan75°
cot20° = tan70° and cot40° = tan50°
so, we have L.H.S.
2 sin68 2cot15 3  1 tan20  tan 40  cot 40  cot 50
 
sin68 5 cot15 5
2 3
 2  1
5 5

Section – B

Problem 1. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle, prove tanA + tanB + tanC = tanAtanBtanC..

Solution: tan(A + B) = tan(180° – C)

tan A  tanB
   tanC
1  tan A tanB
 tanA + tanB = – tanC + tanA tanB tanC
 tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA.tanB.tanC

Problem 2. If A + B = 45°, find (tanA + 1)(tanB + 1).

tan A  tanB
Solution: tan(A + B) =
1  tan A tanB
tan A  tanB
tan45° = 1
1  tan A tanB
 tanA + tanB = 1 – tanAtanB
 tanA + tanB + tanAtanB = 1
 tanA + tanAtanB + tanB + 1 = 2
 (tanA + 1)(tanB + 1) = 2

Problem 3. Find maximum value of 5 cosx + 12sinx + 3..

 5 12 
Solution: 5cosx + 12sinx + 3 = 13  cos x  sin x  + 3
 13 13 
5 12
Let  be an acute such that sin = , then cos =
13 13
 5 12 
 13  cos x  sin x   3 = 13(sincosx + cossinx) + 3
 12 13 
= 13sin( + x) + 3
Maximum value is attained when sin( + x) = 1, and the value is 13(1) + 3 = 16

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1
Problem 4. If x is an acute angle, solve for x. sinx cosx cos(2x) = .
8

1
Solution: 2sinxcosxcos(2x) =
4
1
sin(2x)cos(2x) =
4
1
 2sin(2x)cos(2x) =
2
1
sin(4x) =
2
since, 0° < x < 90°
0° < 4x < 360°
 4x = 30° or 150°
 x = 7.5° or 37.5°

C
sin A
Problem 5. Find in terms of a and b.
sinB

b a

A B

C
h
Solution: sinA =
b
h
sinB = b a
a
sin A a
 
sinB b
A B

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OBJECTIVE

Level – I
Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct)

Problem 1: sin(270° + x) equals

(A) sinx (B) – sinx
(C)– cosx (D) cosx

Solution: (B) sin(270° + x)

= sin(180° + (90° + x))
= – sin(90° + x) = – cosx

Problem 2: If A and B are complementary angles, then

(A) sinA = sinB (B) cosA = cosB
(C) tanA = tanB (D) secA = cosecB

Solution: A + B = 90°
B = (90°  A)
sinB = sin(90°  A)
sinB = cosA
cosecB = secA

Problem 3: Which of the following is greatest?

(A) cos17° (B) sin53°
(C) sin72° (D) cos56°

Solution: (A) cos17° = sin73°

cos56° = sin34°
descending order will be sin73° > sin72° > sin53° > sin34°.

2 2
Problem 4: sin (46°) + sin (44°) = ?
1
(A) (B) 1
2
1 1
(C) (D)
2 2 2

Solution: (B) sin2(46°) + sin2(44°)

= sin246° + sin2(90° – 46°)
2 2
= sin 46° + cos 46°
=1

Problem 5: tan(180° + x) = ?
(A) – cotx (B) cotx
(C) tanx (D) – tanx

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rd
Solution: (C) tanx is positive in 3 quadrant

Problem 6: sin(945°) equals

1 1
(A) (B) –
2 2
1 3
(C) (D)
2 2

Solution: (B) sin(945°)

= sin(720° + 225°) = sin(225°)
1
= sin(180° + 45°) = – sin45° = –
2

Problem 7: Evaluate tan15°tan75°

1
(A) 3 (B)
3
3 1
(C) 1 (D)
3 1

Solution: (C) tan15°tan75°

= tan15°tan(90° – 15°)
= tan15°cot15° = 1

Problem 8: If sin + cos = p, then the value of sin2 + cos4 in terms of p is

2 2
 p2  1   p2  1 
(A) 1    (B) 1   
 2   2 
2 2
 p2  1   p2  1 
(C) 1    (D) 1   
 2   2 

Solution: Given sin + cos = p

Squaring both sides we get, 1 + 2sin cos = p2
p2  1
 sincos =
2
Now sin2 + cos4
= 1  cos2 + cos4
= 1  cos2(1  cos2)  1  cos2sin2
2
 p2  1 
= 1   .
 2 

(Fill in the Blanks)

Problem 9: The reciprocal of cosx is__________.

Solution: secx

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Problem 10: Minimum value of sinx is__________.

Solution: –1

(True or False)
Problem 11: secx can never lie between – 1and 1(excluding 1 and – 1).

Solution: True
1
secx =
cos x
and – 1  cosx  1.

Problem 12: 1 = sec2x + tan2x is always true for any x..

Solution: False
sec2x – tan2x = 1 is always true.

Level – II

Problem 1: For 0°    90°, following equality holds tan2 + 3 = 3sec, then the value of  may be
(A) 15° (B) 30°
(C) 45° (D) 60°

Solution: The given equation is, tan2  + 3 = 3 sec  …(1)

The variable  in equation (1) can take values in the range 0    90 as tan  and sec 
are not defined for  = 90.
 (sec2   1) + 3 = 3 sec 
 sec2  + 2 = 3 sec 
 2 cos2   3 cos  + 1 = 0
 (2 cos   1) (cos   1) = 0
1
 cos   or cos  = 1
2
  = 60 or 0.

sec(90   )cosec  tan(90   )cot   (cos 2 35  cos 2 55  )

Problem 2: The value of is
tan 5  tan15  tan 45  tan75 tan 85
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3

Solution:
    
sec 90o   cos ec  tan 90o   cot   cos2 35o  cos2 55o 
o o o o o
tan5 tan15 tan 45 tan75 tan85

cosec  cosec  cot   cot   cos2 35o  cos 2 90o  35o  
=
 
tan5o  tan15o  1 tan 90o  15o  tan 90o  5o  
[  sec (90 - ) = cosec , tan (90  ) = cot ]
 

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
cosec   cot     cos
2 2 2
35o  sin2 35o  [  cos (90  ) = sin ]
o o o o
tan5 tan15  cot15  cot 5
1 1
 2. [  cosec2   cot2  = 1, cos2  + sin2  = 1]
1
2 2 2 2
Problem 3: If (a  b ) sin + 2abcos = a + b , then the value of tan is
a2  b2 a2  b 2
(A) (B)
2ab 2ab
 a2  b2   a2  b2 
(C)    (D)   
 2ab   2ab 

2 2 2 2
Solution: (a  b ) sin = (a + b )  2abcos
Squaring both side
(a2  b2)2 (1  cos2) = (a2 + b2)2 + 4a2b2cos2  4ab(a2 + b2) cos
 ((a2  b2)2 + 4a2b2) cos2  4ab(a2 + b2) cos + ((a2 + b2)2  (a2  b2)2) = 0
 (a2 + b2)2 cos2  4ab(a2 + b2) cos + 4a2b2 = 0
2ab
 ((a2 + b2) cos  2ab)2 = 0  cos   2
a  b2
2 2
a b a2  b2
 sin   1  cos2   2  tan   .
a  b2 2ab

Level – III

sin x cos x
Problem 1: The value of  is
sec x  tan x  1 cosec x  cot x  1
(A) 1 (B) 0
1
(C) 1 (D)
2

Solution: L.H.S.
sin x cos x sin x cos x

1  sin x  cos x 1  cos x  sin x
(sin x cos x)(1  cos x  sin x  1  sin x  cos x)
1  (sin x  cos x)2
2sin x cos x
  1.
1  (1  2sin x cos x)

Problem 2: If cot + tan = x and sec  cos = y, then the value of (x2y)2/3  (xy2)2/3 is
(A) 1/2 (B) 0
(C) 1/2 (D) 1

sin  cos 
Solution: Given:  x
cos  sin 
1
 x
sin  cos 

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1 sin2 
Also  cos   y  y
cos  cos 
2/ 3 2/3
 
so x 2 y  
 xy2
2/3 2/3
 1 sin2    1 sin4  
     
 cos2  sin2  cos    cos  sin  cos 2  
2/3 2/3
 1   sin3  
 3 
 3 
 cos    cos  
1 sin2 
   1.
cos2  cos2 

Problem 3: The value of x, which satisfy following equation

2 2 3 2
2cosec 30° + xsin 60°  tan 30° = 10 is
4
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3

3
Solution: 2cosec 2 30o  x sin2 60o  tan2 30o  10
4
2 2
2  3 3 1 
 2  2  x      10
 2  4 3 
 
3x 3 1
 8    10
4 4 3
3x 1
 8   10
4 4
3x 1
  10   8
4 4
3x 1 3x 8  1 3x 9
  2    
4 4 4 4 4 4
 12x = 36  x = 3.

Level – IV

Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct) Based on Case Study Type

Aanya and her father go to meet her friend Juhi for a party. When they reached to Juhi’s place, Aanya
saw the roof of the house, which is triangular in shape. If she imagined the dimensions of the roof as
given in the figure, then answer the following questions.

BAT-2425-C-X-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRY
 25
Problem 1: If D is the mid point of AC, then BD =
(A) 2 m (B) 3 m
(C) 4 m (D) 6 m

Solution: (D) We have, AB = BC = 6 2 m and AC = 12 m

 D is mid point of AC.
 AD = DC = 6m
now, AB2 = BD2 + AD2 ( ABD is a right triangle)
2
2
 BD = 6 2   2
– 6 = 72 – 36 = 36
 BD = 6 m …(i)

Problem 2: Measure of A
(A) 30° (B) 60°
(C) 45° (D) none of these

BD 6 1
Solution: (C) In ABD, sinA =   [from equation (i)]
AB 6 2 2
 sinA = sin45° A = 45°

Problem 3: Measure of C =
(A) 30° (B) 60°
(C) 45° (D) none of these

BD 6
Solution: (C) In BDC, tanC =  [from equation (i)]
DC 6
 tanC = 1 = tan45°  C = 45°

Problem 4: Find the value of sinA + cosC.

(A) 0 (B) 1
1
(C) (D) 2
2

1 1
Solution: (D) sinA = , cosC = cos45° = [from equation (i)]
2 2
1 1 2
 sinA + cosC =    2
2 2 2
2 2
Problem 5: Find the value of tan C + tan A.
(A) 0 (B) 1
1
(C) 2 (D)
2

Solution: (C) tanC = 1, tanA = tan45° = 1

 tan2C + tan2A = 1 + 1 = 2

BAT-2425-C-X-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRY
26

ADD TO YOUR KNOWLEDGE

GRAPH OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1. y = sin x.
Here x is called independent variable and y is called dependent variable.
X: 0     2 3 5 
6 4 3 2 3 4 6
Y: 0 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
y

(0, 1)
-3 -2 -  2 3 4
0 /2 x
(0,-1)

Note:
The value of sin x lies between –1 and + 1. –1  sin x  1.
2. y = cosx
- y
(0, 1)

-2 -/2  2
– 0 /2 x
(0, 1)
Note:
 –1  cos x  1.

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 27

ASSIGNMENT

SUBJECTIVE

Section – A

1. Determine whether the following equations are identities:

2 tan 
(a) cos2   sec 2  
1  tan2 
2 tan 
(b) sin2 
1  tan2 

sin  cos 
2. Prove that  = sec(90 - ) cosec (90 - ) = 2 cosec 2

sin 90o    
cos 90o   
3. Evaluate without using trigonometric tables:
2
 sin 47o   cos 43o 
(a)  o 
 o 
 4 cos2 45o
 cos 43   sin 47 
(b) cos 1 cos 2 cos 3………. cos 180.
(c) tan 1 tan 2 tan 3……. tan 180 .

xsin2 30o cos2 60o 3sin2 45o + 2cos2 30o

4. Determine x, if = .
4cos2 45o sin2 90o - 4cos2 45o

5. Find the value of each of the following expressions:

tan 45o sec 60o 2 sin90 o
(a)  
cos ec 30 o cot 45o cos 0 o
2
(b) cot 60 tan 30 + cosec 45
 

1
(c) cosec 2 60o  sec 2 45o  2cot 2 60o
2
6. Evaluate without using trigonometric tables:
(a) sin 63 cos 27 + cos 63 sin 27 (b) sin 35 sin 55 - cos 35 cos 55
3
7. (i) If  = 30, then verify that sin3 = 3sin – 4sin 
(ii) If A = 60 and B = 30, verify that cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B

2 1
8. Evaluate: cos 4 30  sin4 45   3  sin2 60  sec 2 45    cot 2 30 .
3 4

9. Prove that tan3° × tan6° × tan9° × … × tan87° = 1.

10. Determine whether the following equations are identities:

cot   cos  1  sin 
(a) 
cot   cos  1  sin 
1  sin  2
(b)   sec   tan  
1  sin 
(c) (sin4 + cos4) = (1 – 2 sin2 cos2)

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28
11. Prove that (1 + tanA tanB)2 + (tanA  tanB)2 = sec2A sec2B.

12. (i) If p cot   q2  p2 then find the value of sin .

p p cos   qsin 
(ii) If cot  = then find the value of .
q pcos   qsin 
a cos   sin 
(iii) If tan  = then find the value of .
b cos   sin 

13. If cos + sin = 2 cos , show that cos  sin = 2 sin .

cot A  cos A cos ecA  1

14. Prove that  .
cot A  cos A cos ecA  1

15. If 3 sin  + 5 cos  = 5 then prove that 5 sin   3 cos  =  3.

16. If tan2A = cot(A  15°), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.

17. Solve the following trigonometric equations when 0°    90°

(a) 2cos   3  0 (b) 2 sin2  2 (c) cot 5 = 1

18. Eliminate  from the equations x = a sec , y = b tan .

1 1 4
19. Prove that 0
 0
 .
cos290 3 sin 250 3

20. Eliminate  from a cos  + b sin  = p and a sin   b cos  = q.

21. If sin + sin2 + sin3 = 1 then prove that cos6  4cos4 + 8cos2 = 4.

5
22. If sin + cos = then find the value of sin6 + cos6 + 7sin2 cos2.
4

23. If tan2 = cos2  sin2 then prove that cos2  sin2 = tan2.

4  3(x 2  1)2
24. If sin + cos = x then prove that sin6   cos6   .
4

25. If sin + cos = 2 sin(90  ) then determine cot.

2 2 2 2 2 c 2  a2
26. If a sec   b tan  = c then prove that sin    .
c 2  b2

27. If sin , cos  are the roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 then show that b2  a2 = 2ac.

(1  cot   tan )(sin   cos  )

28. Prove that 3 3
 sin2  cos 2  .
sec   cosec 

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 29

Section – B

1. Solve the following trigonometric equations when 0    90

2
(a) 3 sin  = 2 cos 
1
(b) sin2   sin   0 ;
2
(c) cos2   3 cos  + 2 = 2 sin2, 0    90.

7
2. (i) If tan A 
24
 
, 0o  A  90o then find the value of sin A + cos A.

5cos   2 sin 
(ii) If 3 cot  = 4 then find the value of .
5cos   3 sin 

3. If cosec + cot = m and cosec  cot = n then prove that mn = 1.

4. If (+ 22°) and (4 + 3°) are acute angles then find the degree measure of  satisfying sin(4 +
3°) = cos( + 22°).

1 1
5. If sec = x  then prove that sec + tan = 2x or .
4x 2x

6. If cosec  sin = a3 and sec  cos = b3 then prove that a2b2(a2 + b2) = 1.

7. If A + B = 45° then show that (1 + tanA) (1 + tanB) = 2.

8. Prove that tan70° = 2tan50° + tan20°.

9. If sec + tan = x then obtain the values of sec, tan and sin.

1 1 tan A  tanB
10. If A and B are acute angles such that tan A  , tanB  and tan(A  B)  then
2 3 1  tan A tanB
find (A + B).

1 1 1 1
11. Prove that    .
sec A  tan A cos A cos A sec A  tan A

12. If m = a cos3 + 3a cos  sin2, n = a sin3 + 3a sin  cos2 then prove that
2/3 2/3
 m  n   m  n   2a2 / 3 .

13. If l tan  + m sec  = n and l tan  + m sec  = n then prove that

2 2
 ln nl   nm  nm 
    1    .
 lm  ml   lm  lm 

14. If 1 < p < 1 and sin3  psin2  sin + p = 0 then find the value of cos.

BAT-2425-C-X-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRY
30

15. If 2sin2 + 5sin  3 = 0 then find the value of tan4 + tan2 + 9.

2 12 10 8 6 4 2
16. If cos + cos  = 1then prove that sin  + 3sin  + 3sin  + sin  + 2sin  + 2sin   2 = 1.

17. If each of ,  and  is a positive acute angle such that

1 1
sin   +  -    , cos         and tan( +   ) = 1then find the values of ,  and .
2 2

18. In a rectangle ABCD, AB = 10cm, BAC = 30°. Calculate side BC.

19. The ratio of the length of a rod and its shadow is 1: 3 . Find the angle of elevation of the sun.

2 sin2 A  3cos2 A
20. If cosecA = 2 then find the value of
4 tan2 A  cos2 A

 sec A  1   sin A  1 
21. Evaluate : cot 2 A  2
  sec A  .
 1  sin A   1  sec A 

22. If asec + btan + c = 0 and psec + qtan + r = 0 then prove that (br  qc)2  (pc  ar)2
= (aq  bp)2.

23. In a rectangle ABCD, AB = 20cm, BAC = 60°, calculate side BC and diagonals AC and BD.

24. In an acute angled triangle ABC, if tan(A + B  C) = 1 and sec(B + C  A) = 2, find the value of A,
B and C.

25. Prove that 2(sin6 + cos6)  3(sin4 + cos4) + 1 = 0.

A B m 1 BA
26. If cosA = mcosB then prove that cot  tan .
2 m 1 2

27. If sinx + sin2x = 1 then find the value of cos8x + 2cos6x + cos4x.

tan   sec   1
28. Simplify: .
tan   sec   1

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 31
Section – C

Numerical Based Questions (Single Digit Answer 0 to 9)

13
1. If value of tan = a + b 3 , find a + b.
12

2. If xcos = ycos( + 120°) = zcos( + 240°) then find the value of xy + yz + zx.

3
3. If cos( – ) + cos( – ) + cos( – ) = – then find value of (cos + cos + cos)(sin + sin +
2
sin).

cos4  sin4  cos4  sin 4 

4. If   1 , then value of  is
cos2  sin2  cos2  sin2 

5. If m = sin  + cos  and n = tan  + cot  then find the value of n(m2 – 1).

Numerical Based Questions

6. Prove cotx.cot2x  cot2x.cot3x  cot3x.cotx = 1.

7. Prove cos6x = 32cos6x  48cos4x + 18cos2x  1.


 1
8. Find the value of tan  22  .
 2

3 3 x x x
9. If tanx = ,<x< then find the value of sin , cos and tan .
4 2 2 2 2

sin4  cos4  1 sin8  cos8  1

10. If   then prove that   .
a b ab a3 b3 (a  b)3

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32

OBJECTIVE

LEVEL – I
Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct)

1. (cosec   sin )(sec  - cos )(cot  + tan ) is equal to

(A) 0 (B) sin 
(C) 1 (D) 1

2. (1 + cot A – cosec A)(1 + tan A + sec A) is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) None of these

3. The value of the expression 3 cos ec 20o  sec 20o is equal to

(A) 2 (B) 2 sin 20/sin 40
(C) 4 (D) 4 sin 20/sin 40

4. If cos (A – B) = 3/5 and tan A tan B = 2 then

(A) cos A cos B = 1/5 (B) sin A sin B = 2/5
(C) cos (A + B) = 1/5 (D) sin A sin B = 4/5

5. The value of sin 50  sin 70 + sin 10 is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) 1/2 (D) 2

sin  x  y  a  b tan x
6. If  then is
sin  x  y  a  b tan y
b a
(A) (B)
a b
(C) ab (D) none of these

 5  3
7. If tan  and tan    then cos( + ) = ?
2 2  2 4
364 627
(A) (B)
725 725
240
(C) (D) none of these
339

(Fill in the Blanks)

8. If x cos  - y sin  = a and x sin  + y cos  = b, then x2 + y2 = …………..

p 2 q2
9. If a cosec A = p and b cot A = q, then  = …………..
a2 b2

10. sin 5 tan 22 sec 60 tan 68 sec 85 = ………………

11. cosec30° + cot45° = …………

BAT-2425-C-X-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRY
 33

12. (sec A – cos A)(cot A + tan A) =……………..

13. Expression of sin 81 + tan 71 in term of trigonometric ratios of angles between 0 and 45
is……………..

(True or False)
4 4 2 2
14. sin x + cos x = 1- 2 sin x cos x

sin  sin  2
15.  
1  cos  1  cos  cos 

16.

cos  1  cos2    tan 
sin  1  sin  
2

1  cos 
17. (cosec   cot )2 = .
1  cos 

(Match the Following)

Column-A Column-B
o o
18. sin 265 – cos 265 is (A). Negative.
19. sin 650o – sin 115o is (B). 7/5
4 (C). Positive.
20. If  is an acute angle and tan   , then the
3
value of sin  + cos  is
m2  n2 (D). (m2 – n2)/2mn.
21. If sec  = , then tan  is equal to
m2  n 2
m2  n2 2mn
22. If cosec  = , then cot is equal to (E). .
2mn m2  n2

BAT-2425-C-X-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRY
34

LEVEL – II

Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct)

tan2 
1.  sec  is equal to
sec   1
(A) 1 (B) 1
(C) 0 (D) None of these

sin   2sin3 
2. is equal to
2cos3   cos 
(A) cot (B) tan
(C) tan  cot (D) None of these
2
3. cot  + 1 is equal to
1
(A) sec2  (B)
sin2 
(C) cos2  (D) None of these

1  cos 
4. is equal to
1  cos 
(A) (cosec  + cot )2 (B) (cosec   cot )2
(C) cosec2  + cot2  (D) None of these

5. sec2   sec2  cosec2  is equal to

(A) sec2  (B) cosec2 
(C) – cosec2  (D) None of these

cos 
6.  2sec  is equal to
1  sin 
cos  cos 
(A) (B)
1  sin  1  sin 
sin 
(C) (D) None of these
1  cos 

1 cos ec 2   sec 2 
7. If tan   then the value of the expression is equal to
2 cos ec    cot 2 
(A) 1/10 (B) 2/10
(C) 3/10 (D) 7/10
2
8. If cot A = b/a, where a and b are real numbers, the value of sin A is equal to
b2 a2
(A) 2 2
(B) 2
a b a  b2
a b
(C) (D)
2 2
a b a  b2
2

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 35
Multiple Choice Questions (Multiple Options Correct)

9. A tree is broken by the wind. The top struck the ground at an angle of 30 and at a distance of 30
m from the root. Then the whole height of tree is
90
(A) (B) 30 3
3
(C)10 3 (D) None of these

12
10. If tan = then find the value of sin  cos is
5
5 6
(A) tan (B) sin
13 13
7 7
(C) cos (D)
5 13

sin   cos 
11. If  3 , then the value of sin4 – cos4 = ?
sin   cos 
(A) sin2cos2 (B) sin2 – cos2
3 4
(C) (D)
5 5

12. If () is an acute angle and tan + cot = 2, then the value of tann + cotn is always less than
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

 1 
13. The numeric value of cot18°  cot 72o.cos2 22o  o
2 o 
is greater then
 tan72 .sec 68 
(A) 1 (B) 2
1
(C) 3 (D)
3

14. If sec, cosec are roots of equation x2 + px + q = 0 then

p2  q2 p2  q2
(A) sin  2   (B) sin(2) =
q2 p2
2 2
(C) p = q(q + 2) (D) q = p(p + 2)

BAT-2425-C-X-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRY
36

LEVEL – III

1. The value of cos 10 cos 20 cos 30 ……… cos 980 cos 990 cos 1000 is
(A) 2/3 (B) 1/3
(C) 1/3 (D) 0

2. The value of sin10° + sin20° + sin30° + … + sin360° is:

(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) – 1 (D) none of these

3. The value of cos 150 is

3 1 3 1
(A) (B)
2 2 2 2
3
(C) (D) none of these
2 2

3 12
4. If cos (  ) = and sin       then the value of cos 2 may be
5 13
32 63
(A) (B)
65 65
48 34
(C) (D)
65 65

3
5. Which of the following is true if  <  <
2
(A) sin  > 0 (B) cos  < 0 and sec  > 0
(C) cos  > 0 and sin  < 0 (D) cot  > 0 and cos  < 0

6. The cosine of the angle swept by the minute hand of a clock in 20 minutes is
1 3
(A) (B)
2 2
3 1
(C)  (D) −
2 2

1  
7. If sin  = where    0, , then cosine and tangent of complementary of  are respectively
2  2 
1 1
(A) 3, (B) , 3
2 2
3 1 1 2
(C) , (D) ,
2 2 2 3

8. If sin1 + sin2 + sin3 = 3 then cos1 + cos2 + cos3 = ?

(A) 3 (B) 2
(C) 1 (D) 0
9. The minimum value of cos(cosx) is
(A) 0 (B) cos1
(C) cos1 (D) 1

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 37
10. If sinx = cos2x then cos2x(1 + cos2x) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) none of these

1  
11. If sin( + ) = 1 and sin( – ) =  ,  0,   then tan( + 2) tan(2 + ) is
2  2
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) – 1 (D) none of these

3 A 5A
12. If cosA = then sin .sin is
4 2 2
1 11
(A) (B)
32 8
11 11
(C) (D)
32 16

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LEVEL – IV

Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct) Based on Case Study Type

Ritu’s daughter is feeling so hungry and so thought to eat something. She looked into the fridge and
found some bread pieces. She decided to make a sandwich. She cut the piece of bread diagonally and
found that it forms a right angled triangle, with sides 4 cm, 4 3 cm and 8 cm.
K

8 cm
4 cm

L 4 3 cm M

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.

1. The value of M =
(A) 30° (B) 60°
(C) 45° (D) none of these

2. The value of K =
(A) 45° (B) 30°
(C) 60° (D) none of these

3. Find the value of tanM.

1
(A) 3 (B)
3
(C) 1 (D) none of these

4. sec2M – 1 =
(A) tanM (B) tan2M
(C) tan2M (D) none of thes

tan2 45o  1
5. The value of is
tan2 45o  1
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) – 1

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KEY AND ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT

ASSIGNMENT
SUBJECTIVE

Section A

1. (a) No, (b) No 3. (a) 0, (b) 0, (c) 0

1 7
4. – 96 5. (a) , (b) , (c) 2
2 3
113
6. (a) 1, (b) 0 8. (a) , (b) 1
24
p p 2  q2 b  a
10. (a) yes, (b) yes, (c) yes 12. , ,
q p2  q2 b  a

1
16. 35° 17. (a) 30o, (b) 22  , (c) 9
2
x2 y2
18. 2
 2
1 20. a2 + b2 = p2 + q2
a b
337
22. 25. 2 1
256

Section B

31 14
1. (a) 30° (b) 0° or 30° (c) 90° 2. (i) (b)
25 29

1 1 1 1  x2  1
4.  = 13° 9.  x  ,  x  , 2
2 x  2 x  x 1

10. 45° 14. cos   0 or cos   1  p 2

O O
85  1  1
15. 17.    37  ,   45,    52 
9  2   2
10
18. cm 19. 30°
3
5
20. 21. 0
7
1 1
23. BC = 20 3cm , AC = 40cm, BD = 40cm 24. A = 60°, B = 52  and C  67 
2 2
1  sin 
27. 1 28.
cos 

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Section C

Numerical Based Questions (Single Digit Answer 0 to 9)

1. 1 2. 0 3. 0

4. 1 5. 2
Numerical Based Questions

3 1
8. 2 1 9. , , 3
10 10

OBJECTIVE

LEVEL – I
Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct)

1. D 2. C 3. C

4. A, B, C 5. B 6. B

7. B

(Fill in the Blanks)

8. a2 + b2 9. 1 10. 2

11. 3 12. tanA secA 13. cos 9 + cot 19

(True or False)

14. True 15. False 16. True

17. True

(Match the Following)

18. C 19. A 20. B

21. E 22. D

LEVEL – II
Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct)

1. A 2. B 3. B

4. B 5. C 6. A

7. C 8. B

BAT-2425-C-X-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRY
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Multiple Choice Questions (Multiple Options Correct)

9. A, B 10. C, D 11. C, B

12. C, D 13. A, B, D 14. C, A

15. A, B

LEVEL – III
1. D 2. B 3. A

4. B 5. D 6. D

7. B 8. D 9. C

10. B 11. B 12. C

LEVEL – IV

Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct) Based on Case Study Type

1. A 2. C 3. B
4. C 5. A

BAT-2425-C-X-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRY