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Electric Car Driven On A Simple Racing Track Kenyatta University Control Systems Assignments 1

This document discusses the design of an electric racing car controller. It provides calculations to determine: 1) The motor rating (61.58 kW) and force (1477.78 N) needed to reach a maximum speed of 150 km/h. 2) The mass of the car components (1000 kg total) and damping coefficient b (35.46). 3) Transient and steady-state speed values over time, plotted in MATLAB. The steady-state speed is 41.67 m/s. 4) The approximate lap time around the track (117 seconds) based on average speeds at different sections. Suggestions are provided to reduce lap time by increasing battery power and

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272 views

Electric Car Driven On A Simple Racing Track Kenyatta University Control Systems Assignments 1

This document discusses the design of an electric racing car controller. It provides calculations to determine: 1) The motor rating (61.58 kW) and force (1477.78 N) needed to reach a maximum speed of 150 km/h. 2) The mass of the car components (1000 kg total) and damping coefficient b (35.46). 3) Transient and steady-state speed values over time, plotted in MATLAB. The steady-state speed is 41.67 m/s. 4) The approximate lap time around the track (117 seconds) based on average speeds at different sections. Suggestions are provided to reduce lap time by increasing battery power and

Uploaded by

bradandrew10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kenyatta University Control Systems: Assignments

Reference Text “Control systems fundamentals” William S. Levine, CRC press LLC

Electric Car Driven on a Simple Racing Track


M

Assumptions
(i) All Electric Racing Car is driven around the racing track shown in Fig.1
(ii) The racing car can be represented by a simple Cart on wheels
F
(iii) The plant transfer function of a Cart on wheels G p ( s )=
Ms+ b
(iv) Assume the power source is a battery bank enough to cover 160km before
recharging,mmmm

Q1(a) Assuming the racing car driver has a maximum weight of 80Kg, calculate the
motor rating (KW) and the value of F to achieve a maximum speed of 150Km/h
(Hint 1 Watt = 1Nm/s)

Speed = (150 x 1000)/3600


= 41.67 m/s

Frictional force = cmg


= 0.05 x 1000 x 9.8
= 490N

Force due to aerodynamic drag

Eng. Prof. Mwangi Mbuthia July 2021 Page 1 of 5


Kenyatta University Control Systems: Assignments

= ½ x (density of air) x (v^2) x cd x frontal area (77.5%)


=½ x 1.225 x 41.67^2 x 0.7 x (1.712 x 77.5%)
= 987.78N

Total Force = 490+987.78


=1477.78N

Power Rating = 1477.78 x 41.67


= 61.579 kW

Q1(b) Explain how you can estimate values for the car superstructure masses consisting
of drive system, batteries, wheels, etc.

ESTIMATED MASSES:
Motors : 3 x 120kg = 360kg
Driver and two passengers each of 80kg: 3 x 80kg = 240kg
Car superstructure: 400kg

TOTAL MASSES: 360+240+400= 1000kg

Q1(c) With the value of the masses calculated in Q1(b) above calculate the value of b.

V(t) = F/b [1-e^-(b/m)t]


t~infinity
V(t) = F/b
b = F/V(t)
= 1477.78/41.67
= 35.46

Q1(d) Using values of F, M, and b obtained above, solve for v(t) and calculate 4
transient and 1 steady-state value of v(t). Plot your solution using MATLAB and
submit 1 page of your MATLAB solution showing values of Motor Rating, F, M,
and b and the 5 calculated values of v(t) on the graph.

V(t) = F/b [1-e^-(b/m)t]

let time t = 10 s

V(t) = 1477.78/35.46 [1-e-((35.46/1000)10)]

= 12.5m/s

At steady state V(t) = F/b


= 1477.78/35.46
= 41.67m/s

Eng. Prof. Mwangi Mbuthia July 2021 Page 2 of 5


Kenyatta University Control Systems: Assignments

At transient state(exponential)
V(t) = Ce-(b/m)t
Assuming C=1 at t=10s,C=2 at t = 20s,C=3 at t=30s and C=4 at t=40s.
V(10) = 1 x e-((35.46/1000) x 10)
= 0.7m/s

V(20) = 2 x e-((35.46/1000) x 20)


= 0.98m/s

V(30) =3 x e-((35.46/1000) x 30)


= 1.035m/s

V(40) = 5 x e-((35.46/1000) x 40)


= 1.21m/s

MATLAB
Gp(s) = F/Ms + b
= 1477.78/1000s+35.46

num= 1477.78

den= [1000 35.46]

G= tf(num,den)

Step(G)

Q1(e) Calculate the approximate time to make one 1 lap around the track.

Total track distance = (1000m x 2) + (800m x 2) + (100 x 4)


= 4000m
Assume time taken to cover 1000m is 20s
Speed = 1000/20 = 50m/s
= 50 x 2 = 100m/s
Assume time taken to cover 800m is 10s
Speed = 800/10 = 80m/s
= 80 x 2 = 160m/s

Assume time taken at corner is 30s


Speed = 100/30 = 3.33m/s
=3.33 x 4 = 13.33m/s
Total Average speed= (100 + 160 + 13.33)/8
= 34.167m/s
Approx time = 4000/34.167 = 117seconds

Eng. Prof. Mwangi Mbuthia July 2021 Page 3 of 5


Kenyatta University Control Systems: Assignments

Q1(f) Explain how you can reduce the lap time.

It can be reduced by increasing the speed of the racing car by addition of more batteries
to supply power to the racing car .
Restructuring the shape of the car to be more streamline to reduce aerodynamic drag.
Reduce the frictional coefficient.

Q1(g) With your new choice to improve the lap time, plot your solution using MATLAB
showing values of Motor Rating, F, M and b and calculate the lap time.

ESTIMATED MASSES:
Motors : 5 x 120kg = 600kg
Driver and two passengers each of 80kg: 3 x 80kg = 240kg
Car superstructure: 350kg

TOTAL MASSES: 600+240+350= 1190kg

Frictional force = cmg


= 0.03 x 1190 x 9.8
= 349.86N
Force due to aerodynamic drag
= ½ x (density of air) x (v^2) x cd x frontal area (80%)
=½ x 1.225 x 41.67^2 x 0.7 x (1.3 x 77.5%)
= 750N

Total Force = 349.86 + 750


= 1099.86N

Motor Rating = 41.67 x 1099.86


= 45831.17W
= 45.831kW
V(t) as t tends to infinity = F/b

b = F/v = 1099.86/41.67
= 26.39

MATLAB
Gp(s) = F/Ms+b
=1099.86/1090s+26.39

num = 1099.86

den= [1090 26.39]

G= tf(num,den)

Eng. Prof. Mwangi Mbuthia July 2021 Page 4 of 5


Kenyatta University Control Systems: Assignments

Step(G)

Fig. 1 Layout of a Simple Racing Track

Eng. Prof. Mwangi Mbuthia July 2021 Page 5 of 5

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