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COMPARISON
Degrees of comparison:
1. Equal comparisons: (equal degree)
* Form:
(+) S1 + be/ V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux
E.g: He is as old as my father.
He drives as carefully as I (do).
Mai is as beautiful as her mother.
(-) S1 + be not / Aux verb+ as/so + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux
E.g: He is not as/so old as my father.
He doesn’t drive as/so carefully as I (do).
* Note:
- Đại từ làm chủ ngữ luôn được sử dụng sau “as”: You are as old as he
- We use equal degree when we want to emphasize how many times this object is more than that
one.
E.g: Her husband is twice as old as she (is).
- Ý “bằng nhau, như nhau” có thể đuqược thay thế bằng cách diễn đạt khác:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun
Ex: My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his
Tom is as old as Mary = Tom and Mary are the same age
Adj noun
Heavy/ light weight
wide/ marrow width
deep/ shallow depth
long/ short length
big/ small size
old age
2. Comparatives:
* Short adjectives and adverbs:
S1 + be/ V + adj/ adv (short) + er + than + noun/ pronoun
E.g: You are thinner than he (is).
He runs faster than I (do).
Today is hotter than yesterday.
I am three years older than you are.
* Long adjectives and adverbs:
S1 + V + more + adj/ adv (long) + than + noun/ pronoun
E.g: He is more intelligent than I (am).
He drives more carefully than I (do)
Eg:
John’s grades are higher than his sister’s.
Today is hotter than yesterday.
This chair is more comfortable than the other.
He speaks Spanish more fluently than I .
He visits his family less frequently than she does.
This year’s exhibit is less impressive than last year’s.
- Để nhấn mạnh, ta có thể thêm much, a lot, far, a bit, a little vào trước so sánh hơn
Eg: Let’s go by car. It’s much cheaper.
Her illness was far more serious than we thought at first.
- So sánh kém hơn: S + V + less + Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun
Eg: This book is less difficult than that one.
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He ran less quickly than Bill.
3. Superlatives:
S + be/V + the + adj/ adv (short) + est + in (danh từ số ít)
the most + long adjective/ adverb + of (danh từ số nhiều)
the least + adjective/ adverb
E.g: Nam is the tallest student in my class.
Cheetah runs the fastest in the world.
Nga is the most intelligent of all the students.
Those shoes are the least expensive of all.
* Qui tắc thêm “er/ est” vào sau tính từ:
- Tính từ một âm tiết tận cùng là 1 phụ âm đơn (trừ : w, x, z) đứng trước một nguyên âm đơn thì
gấp đôi phụ âm cuối + er/ est : big – bigger- biggest
- Tính từ 2 âm tiết, tận cùng là : y, le, et, ow, er ta biến đổi như tính từ ngắn : clever – cleverer –
cleverest
Happy – happier – happiest quiet – quieter – quietest
- Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là « e » câm :chỉ thêm ‘r’/ ‘st’ :
- Tính từ 1 âm tiết kết thúc bằng :phụ âm +y : đổi y thành i + er/ est
Dry – drier/ driest
* Iregular adjectives/ adverbs
No Equal Comparative Superlative
degree
1. bad/badly/ ill worse worst
2. good/ well better best
3. much more most
4. little less least
far Farther (khoảng cách) farthest/ furthest
5.
/ further (thời gian)
old Older (về tuổi tác) oldest/ eldest
6. Eldest (về cấp bậc hơn tuổi
tác)
Near Nearer Nearest (khoảng cách)
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Next (thứ tự)
8. late Later Latest (time)/ last (thứ tự)

4. Comparions with nouns

Danh từ cũng có thể được dùng làm so sánh trong cấu trúc so sánh bằng, hưn hoặc kém
+ S1 + V + as many/ much + N as noun/ pronoun
S1 + negative V as/ so few/ little +
E.g He earns as much money as I do.
I don’t have as/ so many friends as he does.
+ S1 + V + more/ fewer/ less + N + than noun/ pronoun
E.g He has collected more stamps than I have.
I have collected fewer stamps than he has.
5. So sánh gia bội (so sánh gấp nhiều lần)
Là loại so sánh gấp rười, gấp đôi gấp ba. Cấu trúc này không dùng cho so sánh hơn, kém
mà dùng cho so sánh bằng
much noun
Subject + verb + béi sè + + noun +
as + as + pronoun

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many
Bội số có thể bao gồm: half, twice, three times, four times ….
Thisdictionary costs twice as much as the other one.
At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters as Barney.
Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.
- Ta phải xác định danh từ số ít hay số nhiều để dùng much hay many
6. Double comparisons:
6.1. Càng ngày ….càng; mỗi lúc một hơn
+ Short adjective/ adverb: adj/ adv + er and adj/ adv + er
+ Long adj/ adv: more and more + adj/ adv
 Children spend more and more time watching TV.
(Trẻ con càng ngày càng dành nhiều thời gian cho ti vi)
 She is getting fatter and fatter.
(Cô ấy càng ngày càng béo)
She becomes more and more beautiful/ He is more and more studious.
6.2. Càng ngày càng it …; càng ngày càng kém
Với tính từ ngắn hay tính từ dài, ta theo công thức dưới đây:
Less and less + adj/ adv
Eg: My father becomes lass and less strong.

6.3. Càng …thì càng: (so sánh cấp tiến)

+ short adj/ adv:
The adj/ adv + er S – V, the adj/ adv + er S-V
Ex: The richer he gets, the weaker he is
The darker it gets, the colder it is.
The sooner you take your medicine, the better you will feel.
The more you study, the smarter you will become.
+ Long adj/ adv: The more + adj/ adv S-V, the more + adj/ adv S-V
Ex: The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is.
- Với động từ: the more……., the more ……
Ex: The more I hate him, the more he loves me.
The more she sings, the more I look at her.
Note: Nhiều khi 2 vế không cùng một loại tính từ ngắn hay dài mà lẫn lộn nhau.
Ex: The more she smile, the more graceful she is.

6.4 Càng ít …., thì càng ít; càng kém…, thì càng kém
Với tính từ ngắn cũng như tính từ dài:
The lesS + adj …., the less + adj ….
Ex: The less difficult the lesson is, the less hard-working students are.
- Với động từ: The less …., the less….
Ex: The less I live with him, the less I like him.

EXERCISES:
EXERCISE 1. Give the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets:
1. This chair is ..........................………………….. than that one. (comfortable)
2. Your flat is .....................………....... than mine. (large)
3. The weather today is ........................……… than it was yesterday. (hot)
4. The Nile is the ........................……………………….. river in the world. (long)
5. Chinese bicycles are ................…........……………….. than Japanese ones. (bad)
6. Mathematics is ........................…………………...….. than English. (difficult)
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7. Ho Chi Minh is the ............................………………. city in Viet Nam. (big)
8. He drives ................................. .. ……………than his friend. (careful)
9. She sings ........................……………………….. in this school. (beautiful)
10. I read ............................……………………….. than my sister. (slow)
11. Grace is ...........................………………….. girl in our class. (old)
12. This exercise is .........................…….…………..than that one. (easy)
13. He is twice .........................…….…………..as you. (fat)
14. Nam is .........................…….………….. student of all. (noisy)
15. My cold is .........................…….………….. today than it was yesterday. (good)

EXERCISE 2. Choose the best option to complete the following sentences:

1. The more she smiles , ................ she becomes.
A. more graceful B. the most graceful C. most graceful D. the more graceful
2. Hotels have developed …………………… restaurants.
A. as rapidly as B. so rapidly as C. as rapid as D. more rapid
3. Can Tho bridge is the …………………… one in the South of Viet Nam.
A. long B. shortest C. longest D. longer
4. Albert Einstein’s contributions to scientific theory were ................ those of Galileo and Newton.
A. important than B. more important C. the most important D. as important as
5. Impalas cannot move as ................ cheetahs but they are more efficient runners.
A. faster than B. fast as C. fast D. are fast as
6. Both are informative articles, but this one is ................ .
A. best B. the best C. most D. better
7. She is the .………… girl in our town.
A. more beautiful B. beauty C. most beautiful D. more
beautifully
8. The harder you learn.............
A. The better is your English B. The better will be your English
C. The better becomes your English D. The better your English will be
9. Jim is the ................. in his class.
A. clever B. cleverest C. cleverer D. more clever
10. Of the two shirts, this one is ...................
A. the prettiest B. the most pretty C. prettier D. the prettier
11. Your house is ................. mine.
A. as bigger as B. many times as big as C. much big as D. not many
times big
12. Last year it wasn’t as cold as this year.
A. This year it is as colder than last year. B. This year it is colder than last year.
C. This year it isn’t as cold as last year. D. This year it isn’t colder than last year.
13. She is older than me.
A. I’m more younger than her. B. I’m as younger as her.
C. I’m more young than her. D. I’m younger than her.
14. The test is not …………………
A. as difficult as it was last month. B. so difficult as it was last month
C. more difficult as it was last month. D. Both A & B are correct
15. The Nile River is ………………… of all.
A. longer B. the longest C. long D. longest
16. .................. we read, .................. we know.
A. The most/ the most B. The more/ the more C. Most/ most D. More/ more
17. It gets ................... Let’s go swimming.
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A. hot and hot B. the more hot C. more and more hot D. hotter
and hotter
18. Peter usually drives .................. Mary.
A. more fast B. more fast than C. more fast D. faster
19. The problem seems to be ..................
A. more serious B. more serious than C. more serious as D. more and more
serious
20. Peter can not earn .................. his wife.
A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as
much money than
21. Prices get ..................
A. high and high B. highest and highest C. more and more high D. higher and
higher
22. The more manufacturers advise, .................. they sell.
A. the most products B. the products more C. the more products D. most
products
23. ................. a car is ................. it is.
A. The more expensive/ the comfortabler B. The most expensive/ the most
comfortable
C. The more expensive/ the more comfortable D. The less expensive/ the more comfortable
24. Of the five students. Mary is .................
A. more intelligent B. the more intelligent C. most intelligent D. the most intelligent
25. Steel is ................ than wood.
A. more heavy B. as heavy C. heavier D. more heavier
26. A super market is …………………… a shopping center.
A. less convenient as B. less convenient than
C. not so convenient than D. the most convenient as
27. Viet Nam becomes …………………… to foreign tourists.
A. more and most attractive B. the more attractive
C. much and more attractive D. more and more attractive
28. This car is …………………… than mine.
A. less expensive B. as expensive C. expensive D. not so expensive
29. Tim’s grades are …………………… than John.
A. worse B. worst C. as bad D. so bad
30. The …………………… we start, the sooner we will be back.
A. early B. earliest C. earlier D. more early
EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences using “Double” Comparatives
1. It’s becoming …………………..……… to find a job (hard)
2. The hole in your pullover is getting …………………..……… (big)
3. My bags seemed to get …………………..………as I carried them (heavy)
4. As I waited for my interview, I became …………………..………(nervous)
5. As the day went on the weather got …………………..……… (bad)
6. Travelling is becoming …………………..………(expensive)
7. As the conversation went on, he became …………………..………… (talkative)
8. Since she has been in England, her English has got …………….(good)
EXERCISE 4: Choose the best option to complete each sentence:
1. Of the four dresses, which is ………………..expensive?
A. the best B. the most C. the more D. the greater
2. The larger the apartment, the................... the rent.
A. expensive B. more expensive C. expensively D. most expensive
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3. The faster we walk,………….. we will get there.
A. the soonest B. the soon C. the more soon D. the sooner
4. “ Why did you buy these oranges? ” “They were ……….….. I could find. ”
A. cheapest B. cheapest ones C. the cheapest ones D. the most cheapest
5. She plays the piano …………… as she sings.
A. as beautifully B. more beautifully C. as beautiful D. the most beautifully
6. The streets are getting more and …………… these days.
A. crowded B. less crowded C. more crowded D. most crowded
7. The larger the city, …………… the crime rate.
A. highest B. higher C. the highest D. the higher
8. You must explain your problems …………....
A. as clear as you can B. as clearly as you can C. as clear than you are
D. as clearly as you are
9. Pil is ……………… person we know.
A. the happier B. the happiest C. happier D. happiest
10. Which woman are you going to vote for? –I’m not sure. Everyone says that Joan is………….
A. smarter B. the smarter C. more smarter D. more smart
11. Bill is ………………
A. lazier and lazier B. more and more lazy C. lazier and more lazy
D. more lazy and lazier
12. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere …………………?
A. noisier B. more quiet C. more noisy D. quieter
13. ………………..the time passes, …………….I feel ! The deadline of my thesis is coming, but I
have just finished half of it.
A. The faster / the nervous B. The more fast / the nervous
C. The fast / the more nervous D. The faster / the more nervous
14. China is the country with…………………..population.
A. the larger B. the more large C. the largest D. the most large
15. She sat there quietly, but during all that time she was getting…………….Finally she exploded.
A. more and more angry B. the more angry C. angrier and angrier
D. the most angry
16. For ……………….., it is certain that in the future some things will be very different.
A. the better or the worse B. the good or the bad C. good or bad D. better or worse
17. Her grandfather’s illness was…………………..we thought at first.
A. more seriously as B. as seriously as B. more serious than D. as serious than
18. My brother was feeling tired last night, so he went to bed…………..usual.
A. more early than B. as early as C more earlier as D. earlier than
19._______ you study for these exams, _______ you will do.
A. The harder / the better B. The more / the much
C. The hardest / the best D. The more hard / the more good
20. His house is _______ mine.
A. twice as big as B. as twice big as C. as two times big as D. as big as twice
21. No one else in the class plays the guitar ______ John.
A. as well B. as far as C. so well as D. as soon as
22. The town was nearer _____ we thought it would be.
A. then B. that C. as D. than
23. the economic conditions today are _______ they were in the past.
A. much more good B. much better than C. much better D. the best than
24.Peter is ______ student in my class.
A. taller than B. so tall as C. the talllest D. tallest
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25.The deep oceans contain some of the ______ of all living creatures.
A. strangest B. strange C. as strange as D. stranger
26.Jane is not _____ her brother.
A. more intelligent as B. intelligent as C. so intelligent as D. so intelligent that
27.He drives as ______ his father does.
A. careful as B. more carefully C. the most careful D. carefully as
28.What’s the ______ film you’ve ever seen.
A. good B. best C. betterD. the best
29.Jane is ______ age as Mary.
A. as same B. the most same C. the same D. more same
30.I’ll be there _______ I can.
A. sooner as B. no sooner as C. as soon as D. soonest as
31.This shirt and that one ______.
A. alike B. are alike C. as like as D. the same
32.I would rather do any job ______ be jobless.
A. beeter than B. more than C. than D. so than
33.It is not so hot today as it ______ yesterday.
A. is B. was C. will be D. has been
34.Mr. Lam cannot earn _______ his wife.
A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as much money than
35.I like Enlish ______ French.
A. than B. more C. less D. better than
36.The salary of a bus driver is much higher _______ a teacher.
A. as that of B. than that of C. for D. to compare with
37.Lili cannot swim as fast as ______ can.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
38.My car is _______ yours.
A. more fast and economical than B. more fast and more economical than
C. faster and economical as D. faster and more economical than
39.I want to buy some shoes _______ the ones you have on.
A. like B. are like C. are alike D. likely
40.Mary and her mother do not _______.
A. alike B. look like C. look alike D. like
41.Despite its smaller size, the Indian Ocean _______ the Alantic Ocean.
A. as deep as B. is the same deep as C. deeper as D. is as deep as
42.Sharon ______ from other women I know.
A. different B. as different C. differs D. more different
43.This one is prettier, but it costs _____ as the other one.
A. as much as B. twice as much C. as many D. twice as many
44.You can take ______ as you want.
A. as many B. as much C. so much D. too many
45.Of the two sisters, Linda _______ .
A. is beautiful B. the most beautiful C. is more beautiful D. is so beautiful as
46.The lab is _____ from the bus stop than the library.
A. far B. farther C. furthur D. B and C
47.The ______ accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Freeway.
A. badest B.most bad C. worse D. worst
48.He finished the test _______ of all.
A. rapidly B. the most rapidly C. most rapidly D. more rapidly
49.Many chemicals react ______ in acid solutions.
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A. more quick B. more quickly C. quicklier D. as quickly more
50.It’s becoming ______ to find a job.
A. more difficult and more B. more and more difficult
C. most and more difficult D. more difficult than
51.______ electricity you use, _______ your bill will be.
A. more / higher B. the most / the higher C. the more / the high D. the more / the higher
52.The more I got to know Tom, _______ I liked him.
A. least B. the less C. the least D. the fewer
53.The room in the front ______ noisier than those in the back.
A. are more B. are little C. are much D. are very
54.______ you are, ______ you concentrate.
A. Tired / the least hard B. The more tired / the harder
C. The tireder / the harder D. The tired / the harder
55.______ the man gets, ______ he becomes.
A. the more old / the more weak B. the older / the weaker
C. the older / the weakest D. older / weaker
56.Of all the candidates, Mr. Hung is probably ______.
A. the less qualified B. the qualified less C. the most little qualified D. the least qualified
57._______ a car is, ______ it is.
A. the expensive / the comfortabler B. the most expensive /the most comfortable
C. the more expensive / the more comfortable D. the less expensive / the more comfortable
58.His house is _____ mine.
A. larger and more comfortable than B. the most large and comfortable than
C. more large and comfortable than D. the largest and more comfortable than
59._______ 100 billion stars are in the Milky Way.
A. As many as B. As much as C. As more as D. As most as
60.The CDs here are more expensive ______ over there.
A. those B. than those C. than that D. than this
61.These two girls ______ that I can’t tell them apart.
A. are so like B. are so alike C. are too alike D. alike enough
62._______ other mammals, whales do not have a sense of smell.
A. Not alike B. Unlike C. Unlikely D. Dislike
63.The stomach of a cow, ______ that of other ruminants, is divided into four compartments.
A. likely B. similar C. same D. like
64.The larger the drop of water, ______ freezing temperature.
A. the higher its B. its higher C. higher than its D. higher of its
65.Automobiles, airplanes, and buses use more energy per passenger ______ .
A. trains do B. as trains C. as are trains D. than trains do
66.“would you like to try this hat?” “Have you got one ______. ”
A. with a wider brim B. a wider brim C. wich a wider brim D. a wider brim than
67.A cat would be _______ to look after ______ a dog.
A. easy / than B. easier / than C. easy / to D. the easiest / than
68.The Duke of Westminster is _______ .
A. second richest person B. the richest second person
C. the second richest person D. the richest the second
69.The younger you are, _______ it is to learn.
A. easier B. you are easier C. the easier D. the easy
70._______ porpoises and dolphins, whales are mammals.
A. As B. Also C. Like D. When

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EXERCISE 5. Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same
meaning as the sentence printed before it.
1. My kitchen is smaller than yours.
 Your kitchen ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. No one in the class is taller than Dave.
 Dave is ……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Mum doesn’t speak English as well as Dad.
 Dad ……………………………………………………………………………………….………
4. Lan is better cook than Hoa.
 Hoa can’t …………………………………………………………………………………...……
5. No restaurant in the city is better than that one.
 That restaurant is ………………………………………………………………………………
6. This watch is worse than that one.
 That watch ……………………………………………………………………………….……
7. My sister writes more carefully than she did.
 My sister ………………………………………………………………………………………
8. This story is more interesting than any other story that I have ever read.
 This is the …………………………………………………………………………………
9. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever known.
 I’ve never .......................................................................................................................................
10. Peter does not drive so carefully as Tom.
 Tom ……………………………………………………………………………………………
11. This is the most delicious cake I have ever tasted.
I have ..................................................................................................................................................
12. I have never met any more dependable person than Gorge.
Gorge is .............................................................................................................................................
13. There isn’t anybody as kind-hearted as your mother.
Your mother ........................................................................................................................................
14. There is no better teacher in this school than Mr John.
Mr John............................................................................................................................................
15. Have you got any bigger than that one?
It this ..................................................................................................................................................
16. No one I know is taller than he is.
He is .................................................................................................................................................
17. Summer nights in Cairo are much warmer than in London.
In London ............................................................................................................................................
18. Fewer people die from flu than 50 years ago.
Not as .................................................................................................................................................
19. There is less rain in Tokyo than in Athens in January.
More rain ...........................................................................................................................................
20. There are fewer people in Taiwan than in Korea.
The population of Korea ......................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 6. Identify the mistake in each sentence by choosing a suitable option.
1. Mr. Mender learned English rapidly and easy.
A B C D
2. The maid was careful to keep the room cleanly.
A B C D
3. His knowledge of English grammar is quite well.
A B C D
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4. The last story was as interested as the other ones.
A B C D
5. Mr. Slater’s house is biger than ours.
A B C D
6. That brown chair is most comfortable than this one.
A B C D
7. Lan is the most pretty of all the girls.
A B C D
8. That lesson is a most difficult of all the lessons.
A B C D
9. Does your country have worse weather as this?
A B C D
10. This girl is the most beautiful of the two daughters that he has.
A B C D
11. Frank plays tennis worse of all the players.
A B C D
12. The most he tries, the more he succeeds.
A B C D
13. She can pronounce English words more correct than she could last term.
A B C D
14. In this class, the students are talking more loudlier than the teacher.
A B C D
15. This summer is hotter and winder than last summer.
A B C D
16. You should practise English oftener to be a better speaker of English.
A B C D
17. Ha Anh can now speak English more well than the last time I met him.
A B C D
18. She is much more intelligent than Nam does.
A B C D
19. The more rich he is, the more miserable he gets.
A B C D
20. The harder we studied, the most confused we got.
A B C D

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