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Infographic Group 4 TLB 7

Article 152 and 153 of the Federal Constitution deal with the Malay language and the special privileges of Malays and Bumiputera. Article 152 establishes Malay as the official language of Malaysia and mandates its use in government affairs, but does not prohibit the use of other languages. Article 153 requires the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to safeguard the special rights of Malays and Bumiputera in public services, education, and business to promote equitable outcomes across all races in Malaysia. However, vernacular schools that prioritize other languages and debates around national identity have posed challenges to fully realizing the aims of both provisions.

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38 views

Infographic Group 4 TLB 7

Article 152 and 153 of the Federal Constitution deal with the Malay language and the special privileges of Malays and Bumiputera. Article 152 establishes Malay as the official language of Malaysia and mandates its use in government affairs, but does not prohibit the use of other languages. Article 153 requires the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to safeguard the special rights of Malays and Bumiputera in public services, education, and business to promote equitable outcomes across all races in Malaysia. However, vernacular schools that prioritize other languages and debates around national identity have posed challenges to fully realizing the aims of both provisions.

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haqim
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ARTICLE 152 AND 153 OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION:

THE SCOPE, APPLICATION, AND CHALLENGES

INTRODUCTION THE SCOPE OF ARTICLE 152


The Malay language is the official
Malay language and the language of Malaysia and does not
Malays and Bumiputera preclude someone from learning or
privileges are matters using any language other than
protected by the Federal Malay.
Constitution through Articles Federal and state governments
152 and 153 of the Federal shall use the Malay language
Constitution. Both provisions except for things allowed by law
are placed under Part XII such as the purpose of diplomatic
(General and Miscellaneous) relations and training carried out
of the Federal Constitution. by foreign experts.

THE SCOPE OF ARTICLE 153


This Article involves the special privileges of Malays
and Bumiputera. This Article places an enormous task
on the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (YDPA) to protect the
special position of Malays and Bumiputera. The YDPA
also must equally protect the legitimate interests of
other communities.

THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 152


THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 153
Official Purpose
Malay language to be the official language of the Federation Various policies and executive
actions to balance the economy and
Language in Courts lower social gaps between the
All courts must be conducted in the national language Malays, Bumiputera, and other
(Malay). races have been authorized by this
However, in practice, the Federal Court and Court of
Article.
Appeal are heard in English or a combination of English
The YDPA must ensure the
and Malay.
reservations for Malays and
All subordinate courts are heard in Malay, with the
discretion to conduct them in English if the parties Bumiputera are reasonably provided
request it. as he thinks fit for public service,
Language in Parliament and the Legislative scholarships, exhibitions, and other
State Assembly similar educational or training
The debate usually is conducted in the Malay language. privileges or special facilities.
However, the use of the English language is allowed.

THE CHALLENGES OF ARTICLE 152


The existence of vernacular schools that prioritize specific
mother tongue languages and ethnic preferences, along with the
rise of English language usage in Malaysia, poses obstacles to
the empowerment of the Malay language.

THE CHALLENGES OF ARTICLE 153


The confusion surrounding national identity in Malaysia has
contributed to debates over the proposed ratification of ICERD
which faces strong opposition due to concerns about its
potential impact on the special privileges and programs aimed at
empowering Malays and Bumiputera.

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