FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI DAN KEJURUTERAAN

ELEKTRONIK DAN KOMPUTER

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

SIGNAL & SYSTEM

BERT 2423 SEMESTER 1 SESSION 2023/2024

LAB 3: FOURIER TRANSFORM

1. FADZILAH HUSNA BINTI AHMAD

B122310314
RASHIDI
NAME OF GROUP
2. NURUL FARAHANIS BINTI
MEMBER(S) & B122310268
MOHAMMAD NAJIB
MATRIX NUMBER(S)
3.

COURSE 1 BERT 1

DATE 7/12/2023

DR. NOR AZLAN BIN MOHD ARIS

NAME OF
INSTRUCTOR(S)

EXAMINER’S COMMENT(S) VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS
1.0 OBJECTIVES

1. To simulate Fourier Transform for a rectangular pulse by using fft function.

2. To investigate frequency spectrum rectangular pulse signal.

2.0 EQUIPMENT

1. MATLAB® software.

3.0 SYNOPSIS & THEORY

There are many important non-periodic functions, such as a unit step or an exponential
function, that we cannot represent by a Fourier series. Thus, Fourier transform (FT) is used
to represent a non-periodic function into its frequency spectrum by assuming that a non-
periodic function is a periodic function with an infinite period.

Consider a periodic function of a pulse train as in Figure 1 (top, left). A frequency

spectrum of the pulse train is considered as discrete function. When the value of the period
is increased, the numbers of frequency components will be increased in proportion to the
period. Thus, by increasing the period, T towards infinity, frequency spectrum of the
function will subsequently become a continuous function.

Figure 1: Effect of increasing period, T on the spectrum of the periodic pulse train.

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 The functions f(t) and F(ω) are related as follows:
𝐹𝑇
𝑓(𝑡) ⇔ 𝐹(𝜔) (Eq.1)

General form of Fourier Transform is:

∞
𝐹(𝜔) = ∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑(𝑡) (Eq.2)

Since both functions are convertible, the inverse Fourier transform of F(ω) will produce
f(t) through the following expression:
1 ∞
𝑓(𝑡) = ∫ 𝐹(𝜔)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 −∞
(Eq.3)

In this laboratory session, the Fourier Transform for a rectangular pulse will be
investigated. A rectangular function is also known as a gate function and often denoted as
𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡(𝑡⁄𝜏 ), where  is the pulse width. The gate function with an amplitude of 1 is defined
by the following expression:
1 |𝑡| < 𝜏⁄2
𝑡
𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 ( ) = { (Eq.4)
𝜏
0 |𝑡| > 𝜏⁄2

The continuous frequency spectrum shown in Figure 2 (right) is a graphical

representation of the Fourier Transform of a single rectangular pulse of Amplitude V and
duration T (which can also be considered to be a periodic pulse of infinite period). T in this
case equals to  in Eq.4. In general, F(ω) is a complex function, where its magnitude is
called the amplitude spectrum, while its phase is called the phase spectrum.

Figure 2: A rectangular pulse and its Fourier transform.

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4.0 PRE-REQUIST KNOWLEDGE
a) What is the function that can be used in Matlab to calculate the DFT?

- FFT that already in matlab to compute the DFT

b) Translate the following line: for i = a : b : c

- To produce the loop from a to c with an intervet of b

c) Translate the following line: Ak = zeros (x,y)

- To create an array consists of zeros

5.0 PRE-LAB

1. Calculate the FT for a gate function if the pulse width of the function is:

(i) 10 seconds

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 (ii) 5 seconds

2. Skecth the amplitude spectrum for the FT in 1.

6.0 PROCEDURE

1. Run the programming below using MATLAB®.

2.

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3. Use 10 seconds and 5 seconds as inputs for first pulse and second pulse.

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 4. Record your results.
5. What is your observation if the pulse width is changed to a value greater and less
the values in Step 2? Record your results.

7.0 EXPERIMENT DATA

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8.0 EXPERIMENT RESULTS

9.0 CONCLUSION

The large sec

Letak nilai sec 5 n 10 the waveform will be besar

Makin besar sec makin kecik the
1. The large sec the To simulate Fourier Transform for a rectangular pulse by using fft
function.
2. To investigate frequency spectrum rectangular pulse signal.
s wave form smooth

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