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2.0 Week 2halffullbridgerectifiernew2

This document provides an overview of different types of rectifiers: half wave, full wave, and bridge rectifiers. It discusses how each works and its advantages. A half wave rectifier uses a single diode to pass only one half of the AC waveform, making it inefficient. A full wave rectifier uses two diodes and a center-tapped transformer, or four diodes without a transformer, to pass both halves of the AC waveform, doubling the efficiency compared to a half wave rectifier. A bridge rectifier uses four diodes in a bridge configuration to achieve full wave rectification without requiring a transformer. The document also provides equations to calculate the output voltage of each type of rectifier.

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19 views

2.0 Week 2halffullbridgerectifiernew2

This document provides an overview of different types of rectifiers: half wave, full wave, and bridge rectifiers. It discusses how each works and its advantages. A half wave rectifier uses a single diode to pass only one half of the AC waveform, making it inefficient. A full wave rectifier uses two diodes and a center-tapped transformer, or four diodes without a transformer, to pass both halves of the AC waveform, doubling the efficiency compared to a half wave rectifier. A bridge rectifier uses four diodes in a bridge configuration to achieve full wave rectification without requiring a transformer. The document also provides equations to calculate the output voltage of each type of rectifier.

Uploaded by

Aideel zakwan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Basic Electronics Techology

Diode Applications

DR HANIFAH JAMBARI

1
Lecture Outline

Half wave Rectifier Full wave Rectifier Bridge Rectifier


introduction

 A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating

current (AC), which periodically reverses direction,

to direct current (DC), which is in only one direction, a

process known as rectification.


Types of Rectifiers

Half wave Rectifier

Full wave Rectifier

Bridge Rectifier
Half wave rectifier

 In half wave rectification, either the positive or

negative half of the AC wave is passed, while the

other half is blocked.

 Because only one half of the input waveform reaches

the output, it is very inefficient if used for power

transfer.
Half wave rectifier working animation

Positive half cycle

(a) During the positive alternation of the AC input voltage, the output
voltage looks like the positive half of the input voltage. The current path is
through ground back to the source.
Negative half cycle

(b) During the negative alternation of the input voltage, the current is 0, so the
output voltage is also 0.
Half wave rectification
Output dc voltage calculation

 The output DC voltage of a half wave rectifier can be

calculated with the following two ideal equations


Half wave-with filter
Operation of Filter

Operation with capacitor :


During the positive half cycle, the diode is forward biased and the capacitor gets charged as well as the load gets supply.
During negative half cycle the diode gets reverse biased and the circuit is open during which the capacitor supplies the stored energy in it.
The more the energy storage capacity the lesser the ripple in the output waveform.
The ripple factor can be calculated theoretically by,

Let us calculate it for a any capacitor value and compare it with the above obtained waveforms.
Rload = 1kOhm; f= 50Hz; Cout = 1uF; Idc = 15mA
Hence,

The above waveform has a ripple of 11 Volts which is nearly same. The difference will be compensated at higher capacitor values.
Besides, the efficiency is the major problem in half wave rectifier which is lesser than full wave rectifier. Generally the efficiency(ƞ) = 40%.
Full wave rectification

 For single-phase AC, if the transformer is center-tapped,

then two diodes back-to-back (i.e. anodes-to-anode or

cathode-to-cathode) can form a full-wave rectifier.


Full wave rectifier using transformer and 2 diodes
• (a) During the positive half-cycle of the input,
D1 and D2 are forward-biased and conduct
current. D3 and D4 are reverse-biased.

(a) During the positive half-cycle of the input, D1 and D2 are forward-
biased and conduct current. D3 and D4 are reverse-biased.
(b) During the negative half-cycle of the input, D3 and D4 are forward-biased and
conduct current. D1 and D2 are reverse-biased.
When the input cycle is negative as in Figure (b), diodes D3 and D4 are forward-
biased and conduct current in the same direction through RL as during the positive
half-cycle During the negative half-cycle, D1 and D2 are reverse-biased. A full-wave
rectified output voltage appears across RL as a result of this action.
Full wave rectification

 In a circuit with a non - center tapped transformer, four

diodes are required instead of the one needed for half-

wave rectification.
Full wave rectifier working animation
formula

 The average and root-mean-square output voltages of

an ideal single phase full wave rectifier can be

calculated as:
Output voltage of the full wave rectifier Animation
Bridge rectifier

 A bridge rectifier makes use of four diodes in a bridge

arrangement to achieve full-wave rectification.


Bridge rectifier circuit
WITH FILTER
To download this lecture visit
http://imtiazhussainkalwar.weebly.com/

END OF LECTURE-2

30

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