(b) (i) Define voltage regulation of a transformer.

Derive the expression for voltage

regulation at lagging power factor. Draw phasor diagram.
2+5+3
(ii) A single-phase transformer working at unity power factor as an efficiency of 9 0% at
both half full! oad and fulllo ad. Fulllo ad is 50 0 W. Determine the efficiency at 60%
of full load condition.
10
(c) (i) What is a TRIAC? Explain its characteristic. Discuss its applications, advan
disadvantages.
3 .

(ii) A voltage across SCR is I V when it is conducting. It has a ｨｯｬ､ｩ ｾ ﾷ＠ ｾ＠ f 2 mA

when gate current (!G) = 0. If the SCR is triggered on by mom l(i.ary ｾ ｬｳ･＠ of gate
current to what value must VA be reduced in order to tum ｴ ｾ ｒ ｊ＠ e figure is
shownbelow. ｾ＠
5

45!1

3. (a) (i) Using the difference equation des· m with a backward difference, design a
digital filter to simulate the an whose transfer function is

10
(ii)
5

1F

F(A, B, C, D) :E(O, I, 3, 4, 8, 9, 15)

with an 8 x I multiplexer with A, B and D connected to selection lines s2, s1, So,
respectively.
5
(b) (i) Explain speed-current and torque-current characteristics of d. c. series motor.
4+4
(ii) A 4 -pole d. c. generator has 120 0 armature conductors and generates 2 50 volts on
open circuit when running at a speed of 60 0 r.p .m. The diameter of the pole-shoe
circle is 0-3 5 m and the ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0. 7 while the I ength of pole-
ＧＢｾﾷ＠ ｾＺﾷ＠

shoes is 02 m. find the mean flux density in the air gap. Assume lap-connected
armature winding.
12
(c) (i) What are the steps involved for the generation of gating signals for thyristors of ac. to
d.c. converters? Draw a block diagram incorporating various stages of firing circuits
for a single-phase fully controlled rectifier.
3+ 9
If the SCR in the following figure is continuously fired by a d c ｩｳ ｾ

Ｘ
(ii) ｳ＠
average value of the current i(t)? Ｌ＠ｾ
1

6
ｾＺ［ＬｴＯＱ＠ Ｍｾｳｶ＠
rP
'-J
Ｌｾｌｉ＠ ＳＭｬＴｴ
_3_3_0_s_m__ ｾ ＭＮｾ＠ +
4. (a) (i) For the network shown below, tio transfer function given by
a,= hilt.
10

(ii) Explam n itlons for tlme-varymg fields

5
of FET Define IJ., g,. and ｲｯｾＮ＠ and obtatn relatlonshtp
ntlt'em

Ｈ｢ ｾ＠ Wllen a super heterodyne recetver ts turned to 55 5 kHz, 1ts local o sallator provtde:
the nuxer wtth an mput at I 0 I 0 kHz What ts the tmage frequency? The antenna of
thts recetver ts connected to the nuxer 111 a a tuned ctrcutt whose loaded Q ts 40 What
wtll be the reJ ectlon ratio for the cal cui ated tmage frequency?
10
(ii) Show that power contained in one sideband is 116 to the total power of amplitude-
modulated signal at I 0 0% modulation index.
10
(c) (i) Explain Faraday rotation isolator.
A matched isolator has insertion I oss of 0-5 dB and isolation 25 dB, Calculate the
scattering co efficient.
5 + 10
w ,.
K
aa #
q
K
1! (ii) Explain construction of Ionosphere. ｬｾ＠
aｩｾ＠ 5
K
ｾ＠
a K
1!a SEC110N B K
Ｑ
ｾ＠
a
1! 5. Answer any three of the following
K
ｬｾ＠
a
1! (a) (i) Detennine v (t) for the circuit shown below when v, = 10 cos 30t V
K
ｬｾ＠
aｩｾ＠ 5 ｾ＠
K

1!a ll so a·· ..ｨｾ＠ ｾ ｬｾ＠ｾ＠

K
1!Ｇ
ＧＬｾ＠ ..
ｾＭＧ＠ !,. ,,
ＭｾＱ］ＮｦｬＧｶｖ＾＠ l;ｾ＠
ｩｾ＠
ｾ＠ｩ

aｾ＠
1!
1'• •
1-

rt(rl
ﾷｾ＠
ｾ＠ o:> H
- ｮﾷｾ＠ B Ｍﾷｾ＠

［ｾ＠
Ｌｾ＠
,.

Ａｾ＠
0·2 !I
0
CJ
ｾ＠
ｬｾ＠
ｾ＠
K
ｬｾ＠ｾ＠
1!ｩｾ＠

I1!
.."j
[
i!
]
(l)• Iｬｾ＠
ｩｾ＠

ｾ＠ (ii)
------- _,_...J_ ·-

Find the Fourier transform of the signal

-- - - - - -

CJ ｾ＠

ｾ＠
ｾ＠ｩｾ＠
aa
x(t) sin(t)sin(t12)
1Ct2
flj ｾ＠ｾ＠
K
K
aaｩｾ＠ (iii) Find the ｾ＠
K
K
I ｾ＠ I
aaｩｾ＠ 4 ｾ＠ f ｾ＠
K
K
a 3 ; K
1! ' i ｬｾ＠
ｩｾ＠
aｩｾ＠
a
2
1
.. '
!
ｾ＠
ｾ＠
K
K
aＤｾ＠ J"f 47' ---· I
K ｾ＠
)! -filtd rectangular waveguide of dimension a = 4 em, b = 2 em, transports !!
)! in the dominant mode at a rate of 2 mW if the frequency of operation is I 0 !!
1! Detennine the peak value of electric field in the waveguide. ｬｾ＠
a K
)! op -amp having the following parameters is connected as shown in the !!
ｩｾ＠ figw-e. ｾ＠
aa K
K
aa K
K
aaa ｾ＠ K
K
K
aa ｾ＠
K
K
ｩｾ＠ ｬｾｮ＠ IOktl ｾ＠
aa -· K
1!
aa t .. K
ｬｾ＠
K
K
aa K
K
D
aPｾ｜ｎｖＮｪ＠ u
 A= 20 0 00, fu. = 2 MO, Ro = 75 0, fo = 5Hz, supply voltage = ± 15 V, output voltage
swing± 13V. Identify the circuit.

Compute the values of AF. RIF, RoF, fF & V ouT

10

(ii) How much noise voltage is generated in a I MO resistance at 27°C over a I 0 kHz
bandwidth? List the sources of noise in an amplifier.

(iii) What are the conditions for distortion less transmission in continu .
•r•=• di•-
md <imo LTI ,,,_,, 0ｾ ｾ＠ ｌｔＬ＠
(c) (i) A three-phase star-connected synchronous generator is rated
The armature effective resistance and ｳｹｮ｣ｨｲｯｵ ｾ
ohms respectively per phase. Calculate the percent e
and II kV.
｡ｮ｣ ｾ＠ are I. 2 ohms and 2 5
e"'Fegulation for a load of
o VA
1.4375 MVAat (!) 0.8 power factorlagging ｲ Ｉ ｾ＠ er factorleading. 10

(ii) Explain qualitatively with sketches ｾ

i s?oJ ｡ｴｵｲ･＠ reaction effect in a
synchronous machine can be modeled ｾｵ｣ ｴｲｬ ･＠ reactance .
.t.. 10

(d) (i) In a trapezoidal pattern clisp l!,.g, ｾ ｡ｴｩ＠

on, the length of the long vertical side is 5
em, and of the short verti si ｾ ｭＮ＠ Determine the modulation depth.

ｾ＠
5

(") Eo<p[., Fo<•;ii\(J:i;...,., """" dio holp of ph•d'S'=

10

(iii) Descnb ･ｾ ｳｴｯｮ＠ & radtatton modes o fhehx

(e-2 -2)z
Ｎ｟ｾ＠ x(z) (z- e-2 )(z- 2)

ｾ＠ Wherelzl> 2 and e" 2 < lzl < 2.

(ii) Obtain the three-dimensional wave equation for an absorbing medium, assumed to be
both magnetically and electrically homogenous and isotropic. The charge density in
the field may be assumed to be zero. Hence, detennine the wave equation if the field
is varying harmonically with time.

8
 (iii) A sequential circuit has one input and one output. The state diagram is shown in the
figure. Design the sequential circuit using D flip-flop.

(l)•
tlllO CJ
Asstt, ｾ＠
､ｩ･ ｾ ｾ＠
(b) (i) Three regular d1ce are thrown es to the foll owmg events The sum
of the pomts app eanng on three 5

10

(ii)

10

(c) (i) Explam the te • het ght' wtth respect to 1ono sphen c transnuss1on

Calculat.Q_.,s 1ss1on-p ath d1stance for an 1onosphenc transm1ss1on that ut:lhzes a

I fｾ ･ｩｧｨｴ＠ 20 0 km The angle of elevation of the antenna beam 1s 20°
er ｾ ｡ｴ＠ earth.

6+4

7. (i) Explain the different input statements in SPICE.

(ii) Design an m -derived 1t-section high-pass filter having characteristic impedance 60 0

0, cut-off frequency 5kHz and infinite attenuation at 4kHz.

10

(iii) Using a bipolar 32 x 8 PROM, implement the following equations simultaneously:

5
 F1 = :Em(O, 1,3,5,7,21)

F2= :Em(2, 3,4,7, 11, 12, 15, 26)

F3 = :Em(8, 9, 11, 13,20,23)

(b) (i) Describe 'third method' of generating an SSB-SC signal.

10

(ii) Explain envelop detector circuit with input and output waveforms. . ｾ＠

(c) (i) Draw and explain construction details of reflex klystron.

Explain electronic tuning.

r
ｾ＠
p ｾ＠ , 10

(ii) E><pta' """'P OO<VSWR ］ｾＢ＠ u0 +

10

10

8. (a) (i) Find the CTFS harmonic function ｊ ｾ＠

x(t) = 4 + 2 cos (20m) -3 sin (4 ｾ＠

ﾷ ＢＧ ｾ Ｚ［ ｾ ｡ｴ･＠ er exactly one fundamental period and finding

• amples.

10

(ii)

l/6 pF
• ｲＬＭｾＮ＠

" - $ mH ｟ＮＭＧｙｾ＠
ＭｾＮｬＬ＠ _6_m_H_.Jr

(b) (i) Describe the effect on the speed-torque characteristic of a 3-phase induction motor by
(1) reducing the applied voltage to half the normal voltage but normal frequency and
(2) reducing both applied voltage and frequency to half the normal value.

10
 (ii) A 4-p ole, 50 Hz, 3 -phase induction motor has a rotor resistance of 4. 5 ohms per phase
and a standstill reactance of 8. 5 ohms per phase. With no external resistance in the
circuit, the starting torque of the motor is 85 Nm. Calculate (I) the rotor voltage at
standstill, (2) starting torque if a resistance of 2 ohms is added in each rotor phase.

10

(c) (i) Describe single-phase d. c. drive considering a phase-controlled converter supplying a

d.c. motor load. With the help of a circuit eli agram, explain the operation of a sing! e-
phase full converter circuit feeding a separately excited motor.

(ii)

+
ＧＢｾﾷ＠

It is desired to determine the time of operation of a 5- amp ere relay having a current setting of
125 per cent and give time-multiplier setting of 06 connected to a supply circuit through a
C.T. ratio of 400/5 amperes when the circuit carries a fault current of 4000 amperes.
20
4. (a) What minimum functions are required in a programmable device? Point out the difference
between controllo gic and control word with exampies. Write the steps to compute the control
word, say of 8255.
20
(b) The relevant data for closed-ctrcutt TV system ts gtven below ｃ｡ｬ｣ｵｴ ｾ ｨｩ＠ t
modulatmg frequency that wtll be generated whtle scannmg alternate black and tte ts r
equal vemcal and honzontal resolull on

Data: Number ofltnes = 250,

lnterlacerallo=ll
r0
ｾ＠
ｾ＠
20

Aspect ratio = 4:3, ｾＮＬ＠ +

Picture repetition ratio = 50 per second,
Resolution factor= 0 .8,
Vertical retrace time = I 0% of picture ｦｲ ｾ＠
r "-/
ｾ＠

Horizontal retrace time= 20% ｯｦｴ ｾ ｾ ｾ＠

(c) With the aid of a block diagram, expl · ｾ ｡ｬｯｮ＠ of FMCW radar altimeter.
20

5.

(a)

,-
p.-;:o:L..----<;1 ＼Ｎｾｒ＠
10/M_
AI..E_-1
ru;_-1
WR--i
RESET--I
AD1

ADo
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................:..;
 (b) Electrical isolation different elements of a monolithic integrated circuit is obtained by
creating isolation islands.
(c) In a long transmission line, the sending -end voltage is always greater than the receiving -end
voltage and this effect is known as Ferranti effect.
(d) Transmission links using optical fibres need components with specific characteristics to
fulfill the system requirements.
6. (a) (i) With a simple block diagram, explain basic swept receiver spectrum analyzer. List the
spectra of different signals applied to the spectrum analyzer for ｡ｮｬｹｳｩ ｾ
Ｐ＠
0
(ii) Draw basic elements of a function generator and its output waveforms.

20
(b) Descnb e the bast c elements of a PCM system
20
(c)
Mean Earth'sradms = 6378 km, Mean distance to the sem1 a Ｑｾ ＷＱＰ＠ km

7. (a) Distinguish between (i) spontaneous and stimulate r '!on, (ii) step index and ｧｲ｡､Ｚｾ＠
'''"'ptiool '""· .t f()-
'"a 2C

(b) ｾ
Bring cut the concept o fTD M with a b ｾ＠ ｡ｴｬ｣Ｎ＠

Ｍｾ＠ 20
(c)
whose bit rate is 4 0, 00 0
diagram.
f(}
A signal having a range of 300 Ｎ ｾ Ｐ＠ is transmitted using binary PCM on a channel
ond. Design the PCM system and draw the block

ｾ＠
1 20
8. (a) Po tnt out the e · aes f frequency response studies of a system Explatn the Bode plots
for the log m e e ,!us frequency and phase angle versus frequency for the complex
conJugate poles
+ 20
(b) Dr y descnb e a neat diagram schematic diagram showmg the components of a

power-flow direction IS ach1eved

Descnb e microprocessor - based mverse - time over current (ITO C) relay wtth a ｮＺ｡ｾ＠
schematic block diagram.
20