UUMISM IGCSE Additional Mathematics: Chapter 10 - Permutations and Combinations: yan, Name: Model Answers pate: 12_ June _2023 A 8 cee 3 1 A group of five people consists of two women, Alice and Betty, and three men, Carl, David and Ed. Role. matters : Pormutation (Three of these five people are chosen at random to be a chai son, a treasurer and a secretary, Find the number of ways in which this can be done if the chairperson and treasurer are both men. . (2) Ces Lv it) 3. 3 Ch Tr! See No. of ways= Rh» f Wy 3 = 6x3 ap r Ds 1 = By (Men) (Women /Man) These ive people sin arow of five chars. Find the number of diferent possible seating arrangements & Recomtation (ii) David must sit in the middle, > No. of ways © 4! = 24 ere a4 A (iii) Alice and Carl must sit together. airs left ¢ AC : O) fe (Ce age cee AC 3! = 2x4! as Ac mt can = 2x2b a —ieao also be single L ye A 48. wt instead c e eS £ AC, . Sp x2 3A AC CUCLES 2018 : ooan2mis(Q3)2 7? Combination (a) 10 people are to be chosen, to receive concer tickets, from a group of 8 men and 6 women (i) Find the number of different ways the 10 people can be chosen if 6 of them are men and 4 of, them are women. 2] ‘ No- ef ways = 8c, * C, = 28*15 e 420 ‘The group of 8 men and 6 women contains a man and his wife (ii) Find the number of different ways the 10 people can be chosen if both the man and his wife are chosen or neither of them is chosen. BI Brth man ond wife chosen: B-1=7 men 1Z ppd. 6-1 2S women J" ee W-2=& tickets oR Neither ave chosen: 6-1 T men 4% pple 6-1= 5 women 1D Lickers 12 Cy 12 Cro “Ne ef ways = "G +O, = 445 +66 56) 606/11100N17(Q8) n © UCLES 2017és 5 7? Order matters : Formutation (b) Freddie has forgotten the 6-digit code that he uses to lock his briefcase, He knows that he did not repeat any digit and that he did not start his code with a zero. (@ Find the number of different 6-digit numbers he could have chosen, ul i 4 i Ne of codes = Fe" = 136080 a 4i-——_~ Nok i 4 a5 0x0 © 9p (used 1 options 9 remeining) Freddie also remember$ that his 6-digit ‘code divisible a 5 lust en in 0 or & (ii) Find the number of different 6-digit numbers he ould have Rosen LB] Cant stort with © Meo (Rip 8 Bin! ee Be ®P (8 eptins remaining) of codes = "Te + Be" = 15120 + 8 1680 = 18560, Freddie decides to choose a new 6-digit code for his briefcase once he has opened it. He plans to have the 6-digit number divisible by 2 and sat than 600000, again with noprepetitions of digits, Ord. thers: in 7 wi Pacautnbion (iii) laren or amen sf nen nceanrtiecke, O° 8 A a pe iy 1, : LS pWetre8 Vy if eo at \iyxe PCa: e GA «No. of codes Ol pvr) =2+8p<5 + 2p eh t 2 S i j 4% = 1s (544) > p —T7 ‘ oR 4 = 18x 1680 : Bye o B = Be” \rnae 30240 woe ee *F oR Palme 4 / : - 4a : Axo l a. ‘© UCLES 2017 ‘e 0606/11 /O1N/17 (QB)3 4 (a) A 6-character password is to be chosen from the following 9 characters, letters A B E F numbers 5 8 9 symbols * — S Each character may be used only once in any password. 7 (72 Order matters + Parmutation Find the number of different 6-character passwords that may be chosen if (there are no restrictions, t) No. of passwords = "R = 60480, (i) the password must consist of 2 letters, 2 numbers and 2 symbols, in that order, 2] tp 4 No. of passwords = eee Bhs ors = 144 w (iii) the password must start and finish with a symbol Q *! No. of passwords - 9x1 = 2x f = 2*840 = W805 1 characters eemaaning ) CUCLES 2016 ocossi2F M6 (QS)5 (b) An examination consists of a section A, containing 10 short questions, and a section B, containing 5 long questions. Candidates are required to answer 6 questions from section A and 3 questions from section B. Find the number of different selections of questions that can be made if 4 Combination x, hot + @ there ae no further restictions, No. of selections = "C, 7 ice 22] = 110 «10 = 2) 2100 ye x not + (ii) candidates must answer the first 2 questions in section A and the first question in section B. : : 2] Section Ay -si-- - Section Be _ wi Lin te 2 * Ist : questions & AND 7 \ question Conty 4 ay to chose) 5-4 ee on A ate -2 6-2 choose) No. of selections = 410 CUCLES 2016 ocos/12F M16(QS)o Combination M c R ing on ho}Gay and ingSnds to read 4 books during her time away. She Selets these books 4 from,5 mystery, 3 crime and 2 romance books.) Find the number of ways in which she can make her selection m each ofthe following cases. > 10 books (i) Thete ae no restictions. a 10 No. of ways = “Cy = 210, (ii) She selects at least 2 mystery books. BI 2M: °C, 3M: %C, 4M: %C,25 AND OR AND OR AND . 5, 1 oher : °C, 1 other © °C,=5 O other = °C,=1 C,* +50, «5 2 UL No. 6f ways = + 5x10 +5 n = 155 (iii) She selects at least 1 book of each type. BI MMCR MOCK MORK He wes OR WW Rw HS 5c, E+, *c, *O,*C, 5c, 7, 'C, No. of ways with 21 book of each type =, EC, + 80, OC, + 8,7 *C, 10% 3*2 + 5x3«2 + 5x3~1 \\ W 1055 ©UCLES 2017 ooan207N17(Q5)7 77 Order mabters + Recmutation § (a) The letters of the word THURSDAY are arranged in a straight line. Find the number of different arrangements of these letters if (i) there are no restrictions, a) No. oF arrangements = 81 = 40320, (ii) the arrangement must start with the letter T and end with the letter Y, ul fa : tio-----ix No. of arrangements = 6)> 120. é! the second letter in the arrangement must be Y. 0) No. of arrangements = 7) = $040 * 77? Combination (b) 7 children have to be divided into two groups, one of 4 children and the other of 3 children. Given that there are airs aidBoys, find the number of different ways this can be done if (i) there are no restrictions, f) 7 q ui 5 No. of ways = C, = Cra far eae (ii) all the boys are in one group, uy) Ne of ways = ‘C, = x (ii) one boy and one git! are twins and must be in the same group. B] Qa OR —— Twit 5 mw Ss 4 person ec 2 3-person Cc ! group group ( & ppl remaining) No of ways = C, + °C, = Wes = 1S ©UCLES 2017 oos/12F M17 (Q6)8 Roles matter : fecmutation 6 (a) A football club has 30 players. In how many different ways can a captain and a vice-captain be selected at random from these players? w No, of ways = *P, = 810, mM c (b) A team of 11 teachers is to be chosen from 2 mathematics teachers, 5 compiiting teachers and 9 seienge teachers. Find the number diferent eams that canbe chosen if bination (i) the team must have exactly 1 mathematics teacher, QI Mio _ _ 2! ‘ At, sc+9s 7 “wo 2 1“ No. of ways = C,* Caan 00) me 002 (ii) the team must have exactly | mathematics teacher and at least 4 computing teachers. (4) MiCinCe CCHS usiacnest SES) = 2e5= Be + 2644 126 = 104 Lye ©UCLES 2017 6067217417 (QB)9 ~ git Order matters : Permutation oe ae 7 (a) How many 5-digit numbers are there that have 5 different digits and are divisible by 5? BI 510 options to cheose from: 4 Ist digit cannot be O On Ny yn “No. of numbers = "B+ 8-°P, = 304 + 8+336 = 57lly (b) A committee of 8 people is to be selected from 9 men and 5 women. Find the number of different committees that can be selected if thd committee must have at least 4 women. BI Combination 4 women : %, 89) AND 4 4 men: Cy - No. of committees aa = 5*"C, + xe 6 women: %C, <1 = 5*126 + 84+ AND = 114 3 men : on * ©UCLES 2017 svainsnr17(Q5)10 Order matters : Permutation 8 A 7-character password is to be selected from the 12 characters shown in the table, Each character may be used only once Characters Upper-case letters A B G D Lower-case letters e f g h Digits 1 2 3 4 Find the number of different passwords (@ if there are no restrictions, i] 12 No. of passwords = P= 3441680, 1 a “No of passwords = 4 -"P = 4+ 332640 ii) that start with a digi = 133056 0560, remaining Gil) that contain 4 upper-case letters and 3 lower-case letters such that all the upper-case letters are together and all the lower-case letters are together. LB] Wpper-case — Lower-case- aes TAT TIT FS OR lower-case on the tft, upper-case 4I x *P om the right, so x2 No. of password s = 2+4)- 4p, = 2«24x24 152 n CUCLES 2018 on 21/MI18(Q3)Last digit must be 2 or + 1 1? Order matters : Permutation (a) @_ Find how many 5-digit even numbers can be made using each of the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 once 9 only. 2 tet No. of numbers = 2* 4! 72 224 = 48 5 a! [? Order matters : Fecomutation ii) Find how many different 3-digit numbers can be made using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 if each digit can be used once only. 1 n s, No. of numbers = BR = 60. Order matters : [? fermutation (b) Aman and two women are to sit in a row of five empty chairs, Calculate the number of ways they can be seated if ™ RK 2) (® the two women must sit next to each other, AB CD E (That teaves me to choose 8 & & & A 1 out of the 3 remaining fie And for each choice, vo. oF ways =2~4%3 = 24 @ and 1 could cheese AB, BC, CD, or DE chairs. I auld sit left and P (ii) althree people mist MATa each Shee 2 *2- xx D2 The 3 ppl svaininaai6(QU0)12 pr Roles matter : fermutation 10 (a) Fourpartsin aplay are to be given to four of the girls chosen from the seven girls in a drama class Find the number of different ways in which this can be done. 2] No. of ways = oe 2 940 Combination c I (b) Three singers are chosen at random from a group of 5 Chinese, 4 Indian and 2 British singers. Find the number of different ways in which this can be done if (i) no Chinese singer is chosen, ae at iee ul , pao) oo No. of way $ a a = 20 aK (ii) one singer of each nationality is chosen, 2 a 5 +, E3 No. of ways = C,*'C,« C, = 5x4n2 = 40, 2] (iii) the three singers chosen are all of the same nationality. 30°C, OR 41: °C, =4 n ‘C, +4 No. of way § 10 + + n = It CUCLES 2018 osoan2siis (QS)1B Mr and Mrs Coldicott have 5 sons and 4 daughters, All 11 members of the family play tennis. Six members of the family enter a tennis competition where teams consist of 4 males and 2 females. bination Find the number of different teams of 4 males and 2 females that could be selected if . 2] + No. of teams = ic * C2 (i) there are no further restrictions, Sams + Mr > 6 males : “Cy AND 4 daughters + Mes > S females: “C, = 150 5 (ii) Mrand Mrs Coldicott must both be in the team, Q] Males Females ON oo INS he Me of teams ue WwW = C, x 4 5 4, AC, Zic,et Sons Daughters = 10x 4 = 40 4 (ii) either Mr or Mrs Coldicott is in the team but not both. B] Males females Mo uy SO o No. of ways aC rc ie Dangilow * = C,«'C, + 54 "3 ~ 3 2 10x6 + 20 80 Ss nA nN i Males females 1 Mrs Cats TS °C, 25 ZC, = 4 Sons Daughters CUCLES 2016 06721100816 (QUI)Vo ppl 4, &, C, DE, F, GH, 1, and J Lt. fm a single “File marching squad wih all 10 of trem: Front «4x81 +6 +5 <4 +36 2614 foo po ID options 4 options leh Only 1 option fe who Kills for the 2d ee lekt fe the Be (t slet slot (after t final stot Was been chosen foc tre 1st) The above situation, where there ave 1 x4x8~.. to axvauge Ae yh, can be summarised at: No- of ways © 11 = 10-9-@- 932-1 “Reed as “ten factorial,” «3x21 ways In general, he no. of Yo arrange n items snle W(n-1) (w-2)- 3-2-4 To form a Single - File marching squed with & out of the 10 ret Front es — Gack 6 Cl ay a] ~«6* 5 The no. of ways to do this can be summarised as: og lO toll No. of ways = 2 or ire Ly Read as “ten pea sie”, P stands fr permutation So, in general, the mo. of to arrange ¥ out of n items i ees ene t Gey1f arrangement doesn't matter, the above aus. is 6! times teo big (0 6! ic the wo. of ways to arrange © ppl after chosing them out of 10) So, no. of ways to choose © ppt out of 1D wp a 7 Jo! 10 (ee eo le = C, | OG 7 a Co @ Gad Lead as “ten sem sic” where C stands for wmbination Permutation = Chasing with arongoment (order matters) Combination = Choosing without arrangement (ordex Loesn't matter) So, iw general, The wo. of ways to choose v out of n ilems oe Sl aC. Seni @ ) Some ‘important facts ! Ne (only one way +o arrange Wo items: do nothing ) Pp. a nt uP = BC n(n ways to arrange (choose 1 out of n items) "C1 (only 1 way to choose none of your n options : dow't chasse ) Cy = 1 Comly 1 way 40 crevse all ef your 1 options: dake all.) * ® ca to! ") wo ec ey vied 6 (w-e)6) + o-g)! 41 to! eee! 46! el4t