Scribd
Upload
48 views

Program 1 and 2

The document describes two programs: 1) Implements basic UNIX commands like ls, cp, rm, mv using file APIs. It includes code to list directory contents in long format and copy, move, delete files. 2) Demonstrates process control using fork, execve, wait, getpid system calls. The host program forks a child process that executes a binary search program, and the parent waits for the child to terminate.

Uploaded by

SAARA UNNATHI R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views

Program 1 and 2

The document describes two programs: 1) Implements basic UNIX commands like ls, cp, rm, mv using file APIs. It includes code to list directory contents in long format and copy, move, delete files. 2) Demonstrates process control using fork, execve, wait, getpid system calls. The host program forks a child process that executes a binary search program, and the parent waits for the child to terminate.

Uploaded by

SAARA UNNATHI R
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

PROGRAM – 1

Implementation of basic UNIX commands using file APIs

Write a program to implement commands ls( -l option), cp, rm and mv using UNIX file
APIs.

ls –l command

#include<stdio.h>
#include<dirent.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<pwd.h>
#include<grp.h>
#include<time.h>
int main()
{
DIR *d;
struct dirent *de;
struct stat buf;
int i,j;
char P[10]="rwxrwxrwx",AP[10]=" ";
struct passwd *p;
struct group *g;
struct tm *t;
char time[26];
d=opendir(".");
readdir(d);
readdir(d);
while( (de=readdir(d))!=NULL)
{
stat(de->d_name,&buf);

// File Type
if(S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode))
printf("d");
else if(S_ISREG(buf.st_mode))
printf("-");
else if(S_ISCHR(buf.st_mode))is it a character device file
printf("c");
else if(S_ISBLK(buf.st_mode))
printf("b");
else if(S_ISLNK(buf.st_mode))
printf("l");
else if(S_ISFIFO(buf.st_mode))
printf("p");
else if(S_ISSOCK(buf.st_mode))
printf("s");
//File Permissions P-Full Permissions AP-Actual Permissions
for(i=0,j=(1<<8);i<9;i++,j>>=1)
AP[i]= (buf.st_mode & j ) ? P[i] : '-' ;
printf("%s",AP);
//No. of Hard Links
printf("%5d",buf.st_nlink);
//User Name
p=getpwuid(buf.st_uid);
printf(" %.8s",p->pw_name);
//Group Name
g=getgrgid(buf.st_gid);
printf(" %-8.8s",g->gr_name);
//File Size
printf(" %8d",buf.st_size);
//Date and Time of modification
t=localtime(&buf.st_mtime);
strftime(time,sizeof(time),"%b %d %H:%M",t);
printf(" %s",time);
//File Name
printf(" %s\n",de->d_name);
}
}

cp command
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 8192

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

int input_fd, output_fd; /* Input and output file descriptors


*/
ssize_t ret_in, ret_out; /* Number of bytes returned by
read() and write() */
char buffer[BUF_SIZE]; /* Character buffer */

/* Are src and dest file name arguments missing */


if(argc != 3){
printf ("Usage: cp file1 file2");
return 1;
}

/* Create input file descriptor */


input_fd = open (argv [1], O_RDONLY);
if (input_fd == -1) {
perror ("open");
return 2;
}

/* Create output file descriptor */


output_fd = open(argv[2], O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0644);
if(output_fd == -1){
perror("open");
return 3;
}
/* Copy process */
while((ret_in = read (input_fd, &buffer, BUF_SIZE)) > 0){
ret_out = write (output_fd, &buffer, (ssize_t) ret_in);
if(ret_out != ret_in){
/* Write error */
perror("write");
return 4;
}
}

/* Close file descriptors */


close (input_fd);
close (output_fd);

return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

mv command

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

int input_fd, output_fd; /* Input and output file descriptors


*/

/* Are src and dest file name arguments missing */


if(argc != 3){
printf ("Usage: mv file1 file2");
return 1;
}

/* Create input file descriptor */


input_fd = link(argv [1], argv[2]);
if (input_fd == -1) {
perror ("link error");
return 2;
}

/* Create output file descriptor */


output_fd = unlink(argv[1]);
if(output_fd == -1){
perror("unlink");
return 3;
}

rm command

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

output_fd = unlink(argv[1]);
if(output_fd == -1){
perror("unlink error");
return 3;
}
}

$gcc -o myls ls.c

$./myls

$gcc -o mycp cp.c

$./mycp a.c b.c

$gcc -o mymv mv.c

$./mymv a.c b.c

$gcc -o myrm rm.c

$./myrm a.c

PROGRAM – 2

Process control system calls


Application to demonstrate use of fork, execve, wait, getpid, exit system calls.

AHost Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<wait.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){


printf("Main Function: \n");
int retval=1;
pid_t pid=fork();

if(pid<0){
printf("Error in fork operation\n");
}
if(pid==0){
printf("PID for Child process: %d\nPID of its parent process: %d\n",getpid(),getppid());
execl("./binsearch",argv[1],NULL);
}
else{
printf("PID of parent process: %d\n",getpid());
wait(&retval);
if(WIFEXITED(retval)==1)
{
printf("Child terminated normally\n");
}
else{
printf("Child terminated abnormally\n");
exit(0);
}

}
return 0;
}

Binary search application

#include<stdio.h>

int binarySearch(int arr[], int l, int r, int x)


{
if (r >= l) {
int mid = l + (r - l) / 2;
if (arr[mid] == x)
return 1;
if (arr[mid] > x)
return binarySearch(arr, l, mid - 1, x);
return binarySearch(arr, mid + 1, r, x);
}
return -1;
}

void swap(int *xp, int *yp) {

int temp = *xp;


*xp = *yp;
*yp = temp;
}

void sort(int arr[], int n) {


int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++)
for (j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++)
if (arr[j] > arr[j+1])
swap(&arr[j], &arr[j+1]);
}

int main(void){

int n,key, arr[10];


printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the elements: ");
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
sort(arr,n);
printf("Enter element to be searched: ");
scanf("%d",&key);
int result = binarySearch(arr, 0, n - 1, key);
if(result==-1)
printf("Element is not present in array");
else
printf("Element is present");
return 0;
}

Output

You might also like