Scribd
Upload
22 views

PDF Document 2

1) The document summarizes the swallowing process. 2) During swallowing, muscles in the soft palate and back of the throat contract to direct food away from the nasal cavity and larynx into the esophagus. 3) Additional muscles elevate the larynx and squeeze the pharynx to ensure it is ready to receive the food bolus and direct it downward into the esophagus for digestion.

Uploaded by

Vizhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
22 views

PDF Document 2

1) The document summarizes the swallowing process. 2) During swallowing, muscles in the soft palate and back of the throat contract to direct food away from the nasal cavity and larynx into the esophagus. 3) Additional muscles elevate the larynx and squeeze the pharynx to ensure it is ready to receive the food bolus and direct it downward into the esophagus for digestion.

Uploaded by

Vizhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

Figure 2: The back of the oral cavity is highly innervated by

Figure 4: Bolus is diverted from larynx


sensory nerve ending
From oral cavity bolus could continue to: (3) How to ensure that pharynx is ready for the bolus?
o Nasopharynx Arches contract:
o Esophagus  Palatoglossus mm.
o Larynx  Palatopharyngeus mm.
(1) How do we prevent the bolus from going to the
nasopharynx?
Bolus stimulated sensory afferent fibers of CN IX
Elevate pharynx, elevate larynx → bring pharynx closer
to bolus
o Contracts uvula → elevates uvula
o Outer longitudinal layer of muscles contracts
 Stylopharyngeus m. (CN IX, this is the only motor
o Contracts muscles of soft palate (elevator veli
component of this cranial nerve)
palatini m.) → elevates soft palate → increases
 Salpingopharyngeus m. (CN X)
distance btw. bolus and soft palate
 Palatopharngeus m. (CN X)
o Contracts muscles supporting soft palate (tensor Squeeze pharynx (to push bolus downwards)
veli palatini m.) → tenses soft palate → supports o Inner circular layer of muscles contracts
elevation of soft palate  Superior, middle, inferior pharyngeal constrictors
 Do pharyngeal peristalsis to push bolus down
Elevate larynx + move anteriorly
o Suprahyoid muscles
 Digastric m., ant. + post. Belly
 Stylohyoid m., geniohyoid m., mylohyoid m.
o Contraction → pull hyoid bone up → pulls larynx up
and anteriorly
Bolus moves into oesophagus
o At the lowest part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
is: cricopharyngeus m. acts as UES (upper
oesophageal sphincter) (CN X)
o Pharyngeal peristalsis → descending axons relax

Figure 3: Bolus is diverted from nasopharynx


(2) How do we prevent the bolus from going to larynx?
When we swallow 2 things happen:
Approximate/adducts vocal cords
o True vocal cords: important for phonation
(vibrate → create sound)
o Contraction of:
 Lateral cricoarytenoid m.
 Transverse / oblique arytenoid mm.

Fun fact:
Deglutition apnea = while swallowing we do not
breath, holding our breath automatically

Epiglottis
o Retroversion of epiglottis: Figure 5: Bolus is directed into esophagus
 When bolus touches epiglottis, it bends over the
glottis to protect it (close it)
o Contraction of:
 Aryepiglottic m.
2 of 4 GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY: Note #1. Deglutition (SWALLOWING)

You might also like