Structural Calculations for Ring Beam Foundation

to 44-mSteel Tank at Musalla Blending Station

0 17 May 2006 Issue for Approval MAH ND MH

rev date description author checked approved

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3

Title: Structural Calculations

(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B. S.)

Order No: Document: 1131004 Rev 0 Sheet 1 of 19

Table of contents page

1 Introduction 3

2 Design Criteria 3
2.1 Materials 3
2.2 Loads 3
2.3 Soil Conditions 3
2.4 Other Parameters 3
2.5 Codes and References 3

3 Analysis Considerations 4
3.1 Numerical Models 4

4 Load Calculations 6
4.1 Vertical Load 6
4.2 Lateral Loads 7
4.3 Loading Diagram 8

5 Analysis and design 9

5.1 Check bearing pressure below ring beam 9
5.2 Calculation of support springs (for Finite Element Model Analysis) 10
5.3 Calculation of support displacements loads (for Stick Model Analysis) 11
5.4 Analysis 12
5.5 Design 12

6 Details 14

Attachment 1 - Loading Data from Ishii Iron Works 15

Attachment 2 - Differential Settlement Information/Subgrade Reactions 16

Attachment 3 - Numerical Model and Loading Diagram 17

Attachment 4 - Finite Element Analysis of Ring Beam 18

Attachment 5 - Stick Model Analysis of Ring Beam 19

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

Order: document: 1131004 rev. 0 Sheet: 2 of 19

 1 Introduction
This document contains design calculations for ring foundation to support a proposed 44-m diameter
steel tank at Musalla Blending Station.

2 Design Criteria

2.1 Materials

2.1.1 Concrete

Concrete strength, fc’ = 40 N/mm2

Modulus of elasticity, Ec = 28000 N/mm2 (approx)

2.1.2 Reinforcing Steel

Reinforcing yield strength, fy = 460 N/mm2

Modulus of elasticity, Ec = 200000 N/mm2 (approx)

2.2 Loads

2.2.1 Live load

Desity of Liquid = 10 kn/m3

2.2.2 Dead load

Concrete Unit Weight = 24.0 kN/m3

2.2.3 Tank Loading Data

Superimposed loads are based on Loading Data prepared by Ishii Iron Works (Attachment 1).

2.3 Soil Conditions

Saturated Density = 19 kn/m3 (Type B)
Coefficient of Pressure, Ko = 0.5 (Type B)
Max differential Settlement = 65 mm (based from B&V Specifications – See Attachment 2).
Minimum Subgrade Reaction* = 20000 kN/m3
Maximmum Subgrade Reaction*= 80000 kN/m3
*Fill material to be used for the site is assumed similar to that proposed for Salmabad
Forwarding Station (See Attachment 2)

2.4 Other Parameters

 Coef. of friction bet. stl plate & conc. = 0.3
 Eccentricity due to const. tolerance = 50 mm

2.5 Codes and References

 B&V Specifications dated Aprill 2005 (T1-Contract No. 0380/2004/3100)

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

Order: document: 1131004 rev. 0 Sheet: 3 of 19

  Loading Data from Ishii Iron Works Co. Ltd. (Attachment 1)
 BS8110 Part 1: Structural Use of Concrete
 Reinforced Concrete Designer’s Handbook by Reynolds and Steedman
 Foundation Engineering Handbook by Winterkorn and Fang

3 Analysis Considerations

3.1 Numerical Models

STAAD software was used to analyse the numerical models for the Ring Beam.

3.1.1 Finite Element Model

Attachment 3 presents the finite element model and the diagrams of loadings applied in the model.

The ring beam is simulated into a series of 3d model finite elements. Estimated required soil bearing
pressure and varying settlement (considering a maximum differential settlement of 65 mm ) were
represented as vertical springs acting at the bottom of the elements. The vertical load due to weight of
tank will be considered acting eccentric, beyond the centreline of the ring beam. To represent this
condition a fictitious member projecting outwards the ring, at the top joint of the topmost elements were
provided. Similarly, the vertical load due to weight of water also acts eccentrically at the inner side of the
ring beam centreline. This is represented by fictitious member projectecting inwards the ring, at the top
joints of the topmost elements. Calculation of lengths of the fictitious members were presented in this
calculation

3.1.2 Stick Model

For determining total required bottom reinforcements, a stick Model (Attachment 5) was simulated
considering the same loading conditions as the finite element model, in addition to suppport load
displacements applied to the semi-circle portions of the ring beam.

The model is analysed to check the worst case between the maximum and minimum possible values of
subgrade reaction of the backfill (Attachment 2).

3.1.3 Loading

3.1.3.1 Vertical loads

Vertical loads from the tank shell were imposed on the ring beam were derived based on loading data
(furnished by Ishii Iron Works).

Load of liquid, in contact with the ring beam was also included. Height of liquid according to the loading
data is 20.20 m, based on 1013 atm bar normal atmospheric pressure.

3.1.3.2 Lateral loads

Lateral loads acting from soil, against the ring beam are as follows:
 Soil pressure due to saturated bulk density
 Hydrostatic pressure
 Surcharge due to weight of tank bottom plate and weight of contained water.

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

Order: document: 1131004 rev. 0 Sheet: 4 of 19

 Passive resistance against the ring foundation is ignored in the analysis due to possible future unplanned
excavation at the external face of the ring beam.

3.1.3.3 Support displacement load (for Stick Model Analysis)

Support displacement load has been considered in the stick model by applying varying values
spread over half the circumference of the ring beam. The maximum support displacement load
considered is 65 mm, based on maximum differential settelement required by B & V(Attachment 2).

3.1.3.4 Other loadings

The tank bottom plate is expected to resist bending from the shell and from the intermediate columns.
Since there is no rigid connection from the tank to the ring beam, no moment transfer due to normal
loads, earthquake and wind forces are considered in the analysis of the ring beam. However, horizontal
load due to seismic condition, based in Ishii Iron Works Loading data, were applied in the analysis of
model, considering frictional force between the bottom of the tank filled with water, and top of ring beam.

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

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 4 Load Calculations
4.1 Vertical Load

 Load due to Steel weight along shell perimeter

WTS = 5717 kN (From Ishii Iron Works. Refer to Sht 3 & 4 of Attachment 1)
D = 44 -m

WTS/m = 5717/(X D)
= 41.36 kN/m

Joint applied to STAAD Model (Consider 1.0 -metre strip):

FyTS = 41.36 X 1
= 41.36Kn

Location of FyTS from centreline of ring beam:

efyts = construction tolerance + ½ max. thickness of sheel + offset of shell

from centreline of ring beam

efyts = 0.05m + 0.0217 m/2 + 0.050 m

= 0.1109 m projected beyond the centreline of ring

 Load due to weight of water in contact with ring beam

Ht of liquid = 20.20 m based on 1013 mbar (normal pressure)

Considering thickness of ring beam as 0.8 metre, and the 44 tank is offset by 50
mm beyond the cetnreline of the ring beam, the contact area, Ac, of water is calculated
as:
Ac = ( / 4) x {442 – [44-2x(0.8/2+0.05)]2}
= ( / 4) x (442 – 43.12)
= 61.57 m2

WH2O = 61.57 X 20.20 X 10 Kn/m3

= 12437.14 kN

Joint applied to STAAD Model (Consider 1-metre strip):

The diameter Dw which is the location of centreline of water in contact with ring is
calculated as:

Dw = 44-2x[(0.8/2+0.05)/2]
= 43.55 m

FyH2O = (12437.14/Dw) X 1-m strip

= 90.90 kN
Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.
Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

Order: document: 1131004 rev. 0 Sheet: 6 of 19

 Location of FyH2O from centreline of ring beam:

efh2o =½ (offset of shell from centreline of ring beam + ½ width of the ring beam)

efh2o = ½ (0.05m + ½ x 0.8m)

= 0.225 m projected inside the centreline of ring

4.2 Lateral Loads

 Surcharge

Psur = Load of bottom plate + Bottom pressure of contained water

= { [ 1060 kN / ( 442/4) ] + 10 x 20.2} Ko

= 101.35 kN/m2

Psur

 Soil Pressure (Active)

Consider Height of Ring Beam, H = 1.1 m

PSOIL = (s - w) H Ko
= (19 – 10) (1.1) (0.5)
= 4.95 kN/m2

Pactive
 Hydrostatic Pressure

PHYDRO = w H
= 10 x 1.1
= 11 kN/m2

PHYDRO

 Earthquake Force (FH = 13810 kN from Ishii Loading Data)

FEQ = (13810 /D) X 1-m strip

= 99.91 kN

Based on Ishii Loading data, the F H for the shell was calculated considering total
weight of shell, including weight of contained liquid. Considering weights in contact
with ring beam acting against the given earthquake force, total resistance is
computed as the product of the weight of tank shell loaded with liquid and coefficient

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
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 of friction between tank and concrete (assume 0.3).

FR = 0.3 X [(WTS + WH2O) / D] X 1-m strip

= 0.3 X [(5717+12437.14)/D] X 1-m strip
= 39.40 kN

FHEQ = 99.91 – 39.40 = 60.51 kN

 Wind Force (FW = 851 kN from Ishii Loading Data)

FHWIND = (851 /D) X 1-m strip

= 6.16 kN

4.3 Loading Diagram

FyTS FyH20

FHEQ
FHWIND

1.1 m

Psur Pactive PHYDRO

0.8 m

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

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 5 Analysis and design

5.1 Check bearing pressure below ring beam

Consider 0.8-m thick ring beam.

ANET = ( / 4) X (44.72 – 43.12)

= 110.33 m2

 Weight of Ring Beam (Consider 1.1-m deep)

WF = 110.33 X 1.1 X 24 kN/m3

= 2912.71 kN

 Total weight acting on ring beam

Weight of steel shell:

WTS = 5717 kN (From Ishii Iron Works. Refer to Sht 3 & 4 of Attachment 1)

Weight of liquid in contact with ring beam

WH2O = 12437.14 kN

W = WF + WTS + WH2O = 21066.85 kN

 Actual Bearing Pressure

Qact = W / ANET = 190.94 kPa, say 200 kPa

*Contractor to ensure that allowable bearing pressure at site is greater than 200 kPa.

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

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5.2 Calculation of support springs (for Finite Element Model Analysis)

Calculation of soil spring per support

Assume spring to be linearly varying

Soil Bearing Pressure, Q = 200 kN/m2

Maximum differential settlement,  = 65 mm
Width of ring beam, t = 0.8 m
No. of joint supports = 138 nos.
Element width in model, W = 1 m
Factor of safety, FS = 1.5

Settlement,  Spring, Kfy Settlement,  Spring, Kfy

Joint Joint
(m) (m)
1 0.0650 3692.31 37 - 105 0.0325 7384.62
2 - 3 0.0641 3745.82 38 - 104 0.0316 7601.81
4 - 138 0.0631 3800.90 39 - 103 0.0306 7832.17
5 - 137 0.0622 3857.63 40 - 102 0.0297 8076.92
6 - 136 0.0613 3916.08 41 - 101 0.0288 8337.47
7 - 135 0.0604 3976.33 42 - 100 0.0279 8615.38
8 - 134 0.0594 4038.46 43 - 99 0.0269 8912.47
9 - 133 0.0585 4102.56 44 - 98 0.0260 9230.77
10 - 132 0.0576 4168.73 45 - 97 0.0251 9572.65
11 - 131 0.0566 4237.07 46 - 96 0.0241 9940.83
12 - 130 0.0557 4307.69 47 - 95 0.0232 10338.46
13 - 129 0.0548 4380.70 48 - 94 0.0223 10769.23
14 - 128 0.0539 4456.23 49 - 93 0.0214 11237.46
15 - 127 0.0529 4534.41 50 - 92 0.0204 11748.25
16 - 126 0.0520 4615.38 51 - 91 0.0195 12307.69
17 - 125 0.0511 4699.30 52 - 90 0.0186 12923.08
18 - 124 0.0501 4786.32 53 - 89 0.0176 13603.24
19 - 123 0.0492 4876.63 54 - 88 0.0167 14358.97
20 - 122 0.0483 4970.41 55 - 87 0.0158 15203.62
21 - 121 0.0474 5067.87 56 - 86 0.0149 16153.85
22 - 120 0.0464 5169.23 57 - 85 0.0139 17230.77
23 - 119 0.0455 5274.73 58 - 84 0.0130 18461.54
24 - 118 0.0446 5384.62 59 - 83 0.0121 19881.66
25 - 117 0.0436 5499.18 60 - 82 0.0111 21538.46
26 - 116 0.0427 5618.73 61 - 81 0.0102 23496.50
27 - 115 0.0418 5743.59 62 - 80 0.0093 25846.15
28 - 114 0.0409 5874.13 63 - 79 0.0084 28717.95
29 - 113 0.0399 6010.73 64 - 78 0.0074 32307.69
30 - 112 0.0390 6153.85 65 - 77 0.0065 36923.08
31 - 111 0.0381 6303.94 66 - 76 0.0056 43076.92
32 - 110 0.0371 6461.54 67 - 75 0.0046 51692.31
33 - 109 0.0362 6627.22 68 - 74 0.0037 64615.38
34 - 108 0.0353 6801.62 69 - 73 0.0028 86153.85
35 - 107 0.0344 6985.45 70 - 72 0.0019 129230.77
36 - 106 0.0334 7179.49 71 0.0009 258461.54

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

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5.3 Calculation of support displacements loads (for Stick Model Analysis)
Calculation of support displacement load per support joint

Assume support displacement load varying over a semi -circle

Maximum differential settlement,  = -65 mm

No. of joint supports (half-cirumference) = 69 nos.

Settlement, 
Joint
(m)
1 -0.06500
2 - 3 -0.06312
4 - 150 -0.06123
5 - 149 -0.05935
6 - 148 -0.05746
7 - 147 -0.05558
8 - 146 -0.05370
9 - 145 -0.05181
10 - 144 -0.04993
11 - 143 -0.04804
12 - 142 -0.04616
13 - 141 -0.04428
14 - 140 -0.04239
15 - 139 -0.04051
16 - 138 -0.03862
17 - 137 -0.03674
18 - 136 -0.03486
19 - 135 -0.03297
20 - 134 -0.03109
21 - 133 -0.02920
22 - 132 -0.02732
23 - 131 -0.02543
24 - 130 -0.02355
25 - 129 -0.02167
26 - 128 -0.01978
27 - 127 -0.01790
28 - 126 -0.01601
29 - 125 -0.01413
30 - 124 -0.01225
31 - 123 -0.01036
32 - 122 -0.00848
33 - 121 -0.00659
34 - 120 -0.00471
35 - 119 -0.00283
36 - 118 -0.00094

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
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 5.4 Analysis
Results were obtained using STAAD software.

See Attachment 4 for finite element analysis results and Attachment 5 for stick model Analysis
results for verifying bottom reinforcements on ring beam.

5.5 Design

5.5.1 Required Reinforcement due to Ring Tension

Ring Tensile stress from STAAD, Fts = 3829.23 kN/m-height/m-thk (due to Ult. Loads)
Ring Tensile force Ft = 3829.23 X 1.1m-height X 0.8-m thk
= 3369.72 kN

Total ring reinforcement required, Asring = 3369722.4/(fy/1.05) = 7691.76 mm2

Distribute reinforcement at beam edges (dist. factors = say 1.70 for sides, 0.30 for top &
bottom):
At each side, Asides = (7691.76/4) x 1.70 = 3269 mm2
Top (and bottom) reinf. At&b = (7691.76/4) x 0.30 = 576.88 mm2

5.5.2 Required Torsional Reinforcements

Governing Twisting Moment, Mxy, from STAAD = 141.32 kN-m/m-strip

Considering twisting moment causes torsion against the ring:

Mtor = 141.32 X 1-m strip
= 141.32 kN-m

Check torsional shear stress, Vt = (2 X Mtor)/ [width2 x (depth – width/3)]

= (2 X 141.32x106) / [11002 x (1100-800/3)]
= 0.28 N/mm2 < Vtmin = 0.4

No torsional reinforcements required

5.5.3 Required Bottom Reinforcement

Vertical Uniform Moment, Mz, from STAAD = 1262.29 kN-m

(Stick Model Analysis – Attachment 5)

Consider clear cover = 75 mm; effective depth, d = 1100 – 75 – 12 mm ties – T 32 /2 = 997

Bottom Reinforcement, Asbot = 1262.29 X 108 / (0.95 X fy X 0.95 X d)

= 3049.7128 mm2

Total required bottom reinfrocements due to ring tension + moment:

Astbot = 576.88+ 3049.7128
= 3626.59 mm2
Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.
Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

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5.5.4 Required Shear Reinforcements

Maximum Vertical Shear, Fy, from STAAD = 231.13 kN (Attachment 5)

Consider clear cover = 75 mm; effective depth, d = 1100 – 75 – 12mm ties – T32 /2 = 997 mm

Design shear stress v = Vu / bvd

= 231130 / (800 X 997) = 0.29 N/mm2

Total Bottom Reinf. Required Astbot = 3626.5928 mm2

100Astbot/bvd = 100 X 3626.5928 / (800 X 997) = 0.45

By interpolating values in Table 3.8 of BS8110 Part 1, vc = 0.49 N/mm2

Since 0.5vc < v < (vc + 0.4), provide minimum links. Try link spacing = 150

Sv reqd = Asv 0.95fyv / 0.4bv

= 2 x 113 x 0.95 x 460 / (0.4 x 800)
= 308.90 > 150, ok

Use T12 @ 150 links

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
Title: Structural Calculations
(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

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6 Details

Check Reinforcements provided:

Bottom Reinforcements = 5 -T32 bars

= 4021 mm2 > Astbot = 3626.59 mm2, ok.

Side Reinforcements = 7 – T 25 (ea face)

= 3436 > Aedge + Asides = 3269 mm2, ok

Shear Links = 2 legs T12 @ 150 mm

= 226 mm2 > Asvmin = 109.84 mm2, ok

Total Longitudinal Reinforcements = 14 –T25 + 10 – T32 bars

= 14915 mm2 > Astbot + 2xAsides = 10164.59 mm2

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
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 Attachment 1 - Loading Data from Ishii Iron Works

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Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
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 Attachment 2 - Differential Settlement Information/Subgrade
Reactions

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Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
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 Attachment 3 - Numerical Model and Loading Diagram

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Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
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 Attachment 4 - Finite Element Analysis of Ring Beam

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 Attachment 5 - Stick Model Analysis of Ring Beam

Client: Panorama Contracting & Engineering Services Ltd.

Project: HIDD Phase 3 – Package T3
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(Ring Beam Foundation for Steel Tank at Musalla B.S.)

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