Home Work No.

2
PF (FALL-2023)

11th September 2023

Content:
1) C++ operators
2) Practices codes set precision an set width
3) Operators
4) Practice Codes of operators
5) Read Chapter 2 and 3
6) ASCII table
7) Read Chapter 2 and 3 (3.7 for iomanip Page 138 to 148)
Read homework carefully from start until End. You can attempt it in multiple times. You must read
Topic 3.7 for iomanip Page 138 to 148 before attempting this homework.

Some important things to know from last three Lectures:

C++ is/has:
1. Strictly typed
2. Static typed
3. Compiled language
4. Faster and resource and performance efficient code.
5. Designed to develop Operating system and embedded software
6. Curly brackets { … } used for blocks
7. Block have local scope
8. Collection of statements/Commands
9. Statement terminator “;”
10. Contains most of programming constructs
11. Best programming language for teaching and learning?
12. Case sensitive language
Remember:
 Data is stored in binary form in system memory (Von Neumann Architecture).
 By default data is signed (negative and positive)
 Representation of binary data is in the form of 2’s complement
 Integral data [char (1byte), short (2 bytes), int (4 bytes) and long (8 bytes)] are by default
signed and stored in 2’s complement binary form.
 We can make Integral data unsigned explicitly by using reserved keyword unsigned.
 Floating-point data float (4-bytes), double (8-bytes) and long double (16-bytes) are
represented in binary notation using IEEE-32 bit and IEEE-64 bit floating point binary
representation.
 Address of a variable does not depend upon type of a variable. It depends upon the
architecture of System either 4 byte (32 bit) or 8 byte (64-bit).
 Operator precedence vs operator associativity
 Operator Arity.
Run following programs in separate .cpp files and carefully study and understand it.

Code Explained in class Lecture.

……………………………………………………code.cpp…………………………………………………..

#include <iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<time.h>
#include<fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
int integer1; // first number to be input by user
int integer2; // second number to be input by user
int integer3; //Third number to be input by user
int sum; // variable in which sum will be stored
int Average; // variable in which Average will be stored

/*cout << "Enter first integer\n"; // prompt for input

cin >> integer1; // read an integer

cout << "Enter second integer\n"; // prompt for input

cin >> integer2; // read an integer

cout << "Enter Third integer\n"; // prompt for input

cin >> integer3; // read an integer

sum = integer1 + integer2 + integer3; // assign result to sum

cout << "\nSum is :" << sum <<endl; // print sum

Average = sum / 3;

cout << "\nAverage is :" << Average; //Print Average;

return 0; // indicate that program ended successfully*/

cout << "Enter three integers\n"; // prompt for three inputs

cin >> integer1>>integer2>>integer3; // read an integer

sum = integer1 + integer2 + integer3; // assign result to sum

cout << "\nSum is :" << sum << endl; // print sum

Average = sum / 3.0;

cout << "\nAverage is :" << Average; //Print Average;

return 0; // indicate that program ended successfully

}

Notice carefully the difference between 1.cpp and 2.cpp.

//…………………………………………1.cpp……………………………………………..

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main ()

float f = 12.5544;

cout<<setprecision(6)<<f<<endl;

cout<<setprecision(5)<<f<<endl;

cout<<setprecision(4)<<f<<endl;

cout<<setprecision(3)<<f<<endl;

cout<<setprecision(2)<<f<<endl;

cout<<setprecision(1)<<f<<endl;

cout<<endl;

return 0;

//…………………………………………………….2.cpp…………………………

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main ()

float f = 12.5544;

cout<<setprecision(6)<<fixed<<f<<endl;

cout<<setprecision(5)<<fixed<<f<<endl;

cout<<setprecision(4)<<fixed<<f<<endl;
 cout<<setprecision(3)<<fixed<<f<<endl;

cout<<setprecision(2)<<fixed<<f<<endl;

cout<<setprecision(1)<<fixed<<f<<endl;

cout<<endl;

return 0;

//…………………………………………………………..3.cpp…………………………………………….

/* This program will explain how to print output using setprecision and setw. This program asks for sales
figures for 3 days. The total sales are calculated and displayed in a table.*/

#include <iostream>

#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main()

double day1, day2, day3, total;

// Get the sales for each day.

cout << "Enter the sales for day 1: ";

cin >> day1;

cout << "Enter the sales for day 2: ";

cin >> day2;

cout << "Enter the sales for day 3: ";

cin >> day3;

// Calculate the total sales.

total = day1 + day2 + day3;

// Display the sales figures.

cout << "\nSales Figures\n";

 cout << "-------------\n";

cout << setprecision(2) << fixed;

cout << "Day 1: " << setw(8) << day1 << endl;

cout << "Day 2: " << setw(8) << day2 << endl;

cout << "Day 3: " << setw(8) << day3 << endl;

cout << "Total: " << setw(8) << total << endl;

return 0;

///…………………………………………………..4.cpp…………………………..

/* This program explains how to print Pattern using setfill() and setw. */

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

std::cout << std::setw(10) << std::setfill('x');

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

std::cout << std::setw(8) << std::setfill('x');

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

std::cout << std::setw(6) << std::setfill('x');

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

std::cout << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('x');

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

std::cout << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('x');

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

…………………………………………………………………..operators………………………………………………………………………

Common C++ operators:

 increment member
assignment arithmetic logical comparison other
decrement access

+a
a = b -a
a += b a + b
a -= b a - b a == b a[b]
a *= b a * b a != b *a
++a
a /= b a / b !a a < b &a a(...)
--a
a %= b a % b a && b a > b a->b a, b
a++
a &= b ~a a || b a <= b a.b ? :
a--
a |= b a & b a >= b a->*b
a ^= b a | b a <=> b a.*b
a <<= b a ^ b
a >>= b a << b
a >> b
Special operators

static_cast converts one type to another related type

dynamic_cast converts within inheritance hierarchies
const_cast adds or removes cv qualifiers
reinterpret_cast converts type to unrelated type
C-style cast converts one type to another by a mix of static_cast, const_cast,
and reinterpret_cast
new creates objects with dynamic storage duration
delete destructs objects previously created by the new expression and releases obtained memory area
sizeof queries the size of a type
sizeof... queries the size of a parameter pack (since C++11)
typeid queries the type information of a type
noexcept checks if an expression can throw an exception (since C++11)
alignof queries alignment requirements of a type (since C++11)

List of C/C++ operators their Precedence and Associativity:

Precedence Operator Description Associativity

1 :: Scope resolution
 a++ a-- Suffix/postfix increment and decrement

type() type{} Functional cast

Left-to-right

2 a() Function call

a[] Subscript

. -> Member access

++a --a Prefix increment and decrement

+a -a Unary plus and minus

! ~ Logical NOT and bitwise NOT

(type) C-style cast

*a Indirection (dereference) Right-to-left

3
&a Address-of

Sizeof Size-of

new new[] Dynamic memory allocation

delete delete[] Dynamic memory deallocation

4 .* ->* Pointer-to-member
5 a*b a/b a%b Multiplication, division, and remainder

6 a+b a-b Addition and subtraction

7 << >> Bitwise left shift and right shift

8 <=> Three-way comparison operator (since C++20)

< <= For relational operators < and ≤ respectively

9
Left-to-right
> >= For relational operators > and ≥ respectively

10 == != For relational operators = and ≠ respectively

11 & Bitwise AND

12 ^ Bitwise XOR (exclusive or)

13 | Bitwise OR (inclusive or)

14 && Logical AND

15 || Logical OR

a?b:c Ternary conditional

Throw throw operator

16

Direct assignment (provided by default for C++

=
classes)
 += -= Compound assignment by sum and difference

Right-to-left
Compound assignment by product, quotient, and
*= /= %=
remainder

Compound assignment by bitwise left shift and right

<<= >>=
shift

&= ^= |= Compound assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR

17 , Comma Left-to-right

What will be the outputs of following expressions?

First, solve by hand and then program these expressions and see output on screen?
1. 1777 / 5 % 36 / 13
2. 10 / 2 - 3
3. 8 + 12 * 2 - 4
4. 4 + 17 % 2 - 1
5. 6-3*2+7–1
6. 28 / 4 - 2
7. 6 + 12 * 2 - 8
8. 4+8*2
9. (6 + 12) * 2 - 8
10. 6 + 17 % 3 - 2
11. 2 + 22 * (9 - 7)
12. (8 + 7) * 2
13. (16 + 7) % 2 - 1
14. 12 / (10 - 6)
15. (19 - 3) * (2 + 2) / 4
16. !((7 / 12 < 15) || (8 * 0 && 10)) + (19.5 < 30 - 10)
17. 7 + 7 == 70 / 5 * 1 + 25 % 5
18. (5 > 7) * 10 + 5 * 2 / 2 < 5
19. 14 / (11 - 4)
 20. 9 + 12 * (8 - 3)
21. (6 + 17) % 2 – 1
22. (9 - 3) * (6 + 9) / 3
23. ~(3 & 3 & 14)

………………………………………………………. Code Dry Run…………………………………………………………

Dry run the following codes:

1)

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

cout << setprecision(6);

double d = 33.00;

int x = 15;

cout << d / x << endl;

cout << setprecision(6) << fixed;

cout << d / x << endl;

return 0;

2)

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

cout << setprecision(4);

double d = 3.00;

int x = 12;

cout << d / x << endl;

 cout << setprecision(4) << fixed;

cout << d / x << endl;

return 0;

3)

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int a=26, b=3;

a = a / b;

b = b - a;

b = b / 2;

a = a * b;

cout << "\n First Modified value : " << a;

cout << "\n Second Modified value: " << b;

4)

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int a=3, b=26;

a = a / b;

b = b - a;

b = b / 2;
 a = a * b;

cout << "\n First Modified value : " << a;

cout << "\n Second Modified value: " << b;

5)

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int z = 5, j = 7, k = 6, n = 3;

cout << z + j % k + k * n - 15 << endl;

cout << z % n + 5 << endl;

6)

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main()

int i, j , k = 3;

i -= j -= k;

cout << i << j << k;

return 0;

7)

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

unsigned short j = -2;

cout <<"\nValue of \"j\" is = " << j << endl;

return 0;

8)

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

short i = 32769;

unsigned short j = 32769;

cout <<"\nValue of \"i\" is = "<< i <<endl;

cout <<"\nValue of \"j\" is = " << j << endl;

return 0;

Run following programs in separate .cpp files and carefully study and understand it.

//…………………………………………………… 1.cpp…………………………………………………………

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

const double I;

int n;

I = 3.14159265358979;
 cout << I * I;

//…………………………………………………… 2a.cpp…………………………………………………………

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main ()

int a=10;

short b=10;

long c=10;

cout<<"value of Integer a is "<<a<<" size is "<<sizeof(a)<<endl;

cout<<"value of short c is "<<b<<" size is "<<sizeof(b)<<endl;

cout<<"value of long c is "<<c<<" size is "<<sizeof(c)<<endl;

cout<<"size of integer Literal is 10 and its size is "<<sizeof(10)<<endl;

return 0;

Dry run the following code and then run it on compiler.

//…………………………………………………… 2b.cpp…………………………………………………………

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main ()

float a = 10.01;

double b = 10.01;

long double c = 10.01;

cout << "value of Integer a is " << a << " size is " << sizeof(a) << endl;
 cout << "value of short c is " << b << " size is " << sizeof(b) << endl;

cout << "value of long c is " << c << " size is " << sizeof(c) << endl;

cout << "size of integer Literal is 10 and its size is " << sizeof(10.01) << endl;

return 0;

//…………………………………………………… 3.cpp…………………………………………………………

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int x = 4;

int y = 6;

double z = 7;

int num2 = z / y * x / 2 * 10 + (y * x + 2) / z;

cout << "\n\tThe value of expression 1 is " << num2 << "." << endl;

double num3 = z * x + y * z / 16;

cout << "\n\tThe value of expression 2 is " << num3 << "." << endl;

Run following programs in separate .cpp files and carefully study and understand it.

//……………………………………………………………..1.cpp…………………………………………………

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main ()

cout<<endl;

cout<<setw(20)<<left<<"Hello";
 cout<<setw(20)<<right<<"bye";

cout<<endl;

return 0;

//……………………………………………………………..2.cpp…………………………………………………

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

cout << endl;

cout << setw(20) << left << "Hello";

cout << endl;

cout << setw(20) << right << "bye";

cout << endl;

Challenge question1: Run the following code and understand it carefully.

///…………………………………………………..4.cpp…………………………..

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

short cheeta;//declared a short variable alpha

cheeta = 100;//assigned alpha variable with decimal value

short alpha;//declared a short variable alpha

alpha = 0b0000100;//assigned alpha variable with binary value

short beta;//declared an short variable beta

beta = 0100;//assigned alpha variable with octal value

 short gama;//declared an short variable gama

gama = 0x100;//assigned alpha variable with octal value

cout << "\nValue of variable \"cheeta\" is \t " << cheeta;

cout << "\nValue of variable \"alpha\" is \t " << alpha;

cout << "\nValue of variable \"beta\" is \t " << beta;

cout << "\nValue of variable \"gama\" is \t " << gama;

return 0;

Challenge question2: Run the following code and understand it carefully.

///…………………………………………………..5.cpp…………………………..

/* This program explains how to print Pattern using setfill() and setw. */

#include <iostream>

#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {

std::cout << std::setw(10) << std::setfill('x');

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

std::cout << std::setw(8) << std::setfill('x');

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

std::cout << std::setw(6) << std::setfill('x');

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

std::cout << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('x');

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

std::cout << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('x');

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

std::cout << '#' << std::endl;

}

Challenge question: Find the errors in the following code Segment and correct this code?

int main()

float 5f=1.1

int a = 15;

Cout<<"Value for a is">>a;

cout>>"\tSize of a is"<<sizeof(a;

Cout<<\n"Value for f is"<<5F;

cout>>\t"Size of f is"<<Sizeof(5f);

int a =15;

Cout<<"\n Now for a is"<<a;

cout>>"\tSize of a is<<sizeof(a);