Differentiability

One Shot
Nishant Vora
B.Tech - IIT Patna
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Differentiability/
Derivability
Differentiability
(Two Fold Meaning of derivability)

Geometrical meaning:
Slope of the tangent drawn to the curve at x = a if it exists

Physical meaning:
Instantaneous rate of change of function
Differentiability
Physical meaning

Instantaneous rate of change of function

Differentiability
Geometrical meaning

Slope of the tangent drawn to the curve at x = a if it exists

A function is said to be differentiable at x=a if Unique Tangent exist

Differentiability - Slope of Tangent
Differentiability

🔥Visualize
Differentiability
Differentiability

R.H.D = f’(a+) =

L.H.D = f’(a-) =
Existence of Derivative

L.H.D = R.H.D = finite

Find L.H.D and R.H.D

f(x) = |ln x| at x = 1
Find L.H.D and R.H.D

f(x) = |ln x| at x = 1

M-2: 🔥 Shortcut
Find L.H.D and R.H.D

f(x) = |ln x| at x = 1

M-3: 📈Graph
Find L.H.D and R.H.D

f(x) = e-|x| at x = 0
Find L.H.D and R.H.D
f(x) = e-|x| at x = 0
M-2: 🔥Shortcut
Find L.H.D and R.H.D

f(x) = e-|x| at x = 0

M-3: 📈Graph
Reasons for non-
derivability
Reasons for non-derivability

1 . Sharp corner
y

a
O x
A corner
Reasons for non-derivability

2 . f(x) is discontinuous
y

O a x
A discontinuity
Reasons for non-derivability

3. Vertical tangent
y

O a x
A vertical tangent
Derivative using
First Principle
Derivative using First Principle
Derivative using First Principle
1.
f(x) = x2
Derivative using First Principle

2.
f(x) = sinx
 Derivability over
an open/close interval
Derivability over an open interval
f(x) is said to be derivable over an open interval (a, b) if it is
derivable at each and every point of the interval.
Derivability over close interval
1. Derivable at each and every point in (a, b)

2. Derivable at end points i.e. f’(a+) and f’(b-) exists

f(x) =

Check differentiability in (0, 2), where [ ] denotes greatest integer

function.
📈Graph
Theorems on Derivability
Theorem 1

Differentiability ⇒ Continuity
Continuity ⇏ Derivability

Non Derivability ⇏ Discontinuous

Discontinuous ⇒ Non Derivability

If f(x) = is differentiable at every point of the

domain, then the values of a and b are respectively :

(JEE Main 2021)

A. 1/2 , 1/2

B. 1/2, -3/2

C. 5/2, -3/2

D. -1/2, 3/2
If a function f(x) =
2
(JEE Main 2020)

A. Continuous on R - {1} and differentiable on R - {-1, 1}.

B. both continuous and differentiable on R - {1}.

C. Continuous on R - {-1} and differentiable on R - {-1, 1}.

D. both continuous and differentiable on R - {-1}.

If the function f(x)

is twice differentiable, then the ordered pair (k1, k2) is equal to :

(JEE Main 2020)

A. (1/2 , 1)

B. (1, 0)

C. (1/2, -1)

D. (1, 1)
Theorem 2

f(x) g(x) f(x) ± g(x) f(x).g(x) or f(x)/g(x)

Derivable Derivable Derivable Derivable

Derivable Non-Derivable Non-Derivable May be Derivable

Non-Derivable Non-Derivable May be Derivable May be Derivable

Theorems on Derivability
Derivable + Non-Derivable = Non-Derivable
E.g: cos x + |x|
Theorems on Derivability
Derivable x Non-Derivable = May be Derivable

E.g: x . |x|
Theorems on Derivability
Non-Derivable + Non-Derivable = May be Derivable

E.g: f(x) = sin|x| not derivable at x = 0

g(x) = |x| not derivable at x = 0

then the function

F(x) = sin |x| - |x| is derivable at x = 0
Theorems on Derivability
Non-Derivable x Non-Derivable = May be Derivable

E.g: f(x) = sin|x| not derivable at x = 0

g(x) = |x| not derivable at x = 0
Which of the following function is differentiable at x = 0?

A. cos(|x|) + |x| (IIT 2001)

B. cos(|x|) - |x|

C. sin(|x|) + |x|

D. sin(|x|) - |x|
Let K be the set of all real values of x where the function
f(x) = sin |x| - |x| + 2(x - π)cos |x| is not differentiable. Then the set K is
equal to. (JEE Main 2019)

A. Φ (an empty set)

B. {π}

C. {0}

D. {0, π}
Let the function f : R ⟶ R be defined by f(x) = x3 - x2 + (x - 1)sinx and let
g: R ⟶ R be an arbitrary function. Let f g: R ⟶ R be the product function
defined by (fg) (x) = f(x)g(x). Then which of the following statements is/are
TRUE?
(JEE Adv. 2020)

A. If g is continuous at x = 1, then fg is differentiable at x = 1

B. If fg is differentiable at x = 1, then g is continuous at x = 1

C. If g is differentiable at x = 1, then fg is differentiable at x = 1

D. If fg is differentiable at x = 1, then g is differentiable at x = 1

Let a, b ∈ R and f : R ⟶ R be defined by
f(x) = a cos (|x3 - x|) + b |x| sin (|x3 + x|). Then f is

(JEE Adv. 2016)

A. Differentiable at x = 0 if a = 0 and b = 1

B. Differentiable at x = 1 if a = 1 and b = 0

C. NOT differentiable at x = 0 if a = 1 and b = 0

D. NOT differentiable at x = 1 if a = 1 and b = 1

The number of points, at which the function
f(x) = |2x + 1| - 3|x + 2| + |x2 + x - 2|, x ∈ R is not differentiable, is

(JEE Main 2021)

(JEE Adv 2014)
First Principle
First Principle
 , given that f’(2) = 6 and f’(1) = 4

A. Does not exist

B. Is equal to -3/2
JEE 2003
C. Is equal to 3/2

D. Is equal to 3
Let f: R ⟶ R be such that f(1) = 3 and f’(1) = 6. Then

equals JEE 2002

A. 1

B. e1/2

C. e2

D. e3
Functional Equations
Functional Equations

Functional Equation Function

f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) ⇒ f(x) = kx
f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y) ⇒ f(x) = ax

f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) ⇒ f(x) = k ln x or f(x) = 0

f(xy) = f(x) . f(y) ⇒ f(x) = xn
f(x) . f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x) ⇒ f(x) = 1 ± xn, where n 𝛜 N
Suppose f is a derivable function that satisfies the equation
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + x2y + xy2 for all real numbers x and y. Suppose

that , find f(x)

Let f : R →→ R and g: R → R be functions satisfying
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + f(x) f(y) and f(x) = xg(x) for all x, y ∈ R.
then which of the following statements is/are TRUE ?

A. f is differentiable at every x ∈ R

B. If g(0) = 1, then g is differentiable at every x ∈ R

JEE Adv. 2020
C. The derivative f’ (1) is equal to 1

D. The derivative f’ (0) is equal to 1

Let f : R ⟶ R satisfy the equation f(x + y) = f(x). f(y) for all x, y ∈ R
and f(x) ≠ 0 for any x ∈ R. If the function f is differentiable at x = 0
and f’ (0) = 3, then limh →0 1/h (f(h)-1) is equal to_

JEE Main 2021

Suppose a differentiable function f(x) satisfies the identity
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy2 + x2y, for all real x and y. If limx→0 f(x)/x = 1,
then f’(3) is

JEE Main 2020

Graphical Approach to find
Differentiability
Graphical Approach
Max and min type functions
Mod and GIF functions

Graphical Transformation
Max - Min Type
Functions
Graphical Approach to find
Differentiability

g Max (f, g)

Min (f, g)
f
Graphical Approach
e.g. f(x) = max { x2, 4 - x2 }
Graphical Approach
e.g. f(x) = min { x2, 4 - x2 }
Let f : R → R be a function defined by f(x) = max {x, x2}. Let S denote
the set of all the points in R, where f is not differentiable. Then :

A. {0, 1}
(JEE Main 2020)
B. {0}

C. Ф (an empty set)

D. {1}
A function f is defined on [-3, 3] as

(JEE Main 2021)

where [x] denotes the greatest integer ≤ x. The number of points,

where f is not differentiable in (-3, 3) is
Let S be the set of points in the interval (-4, 4) at which f is not
differentiable. Then S : (JEE Main 2019)

A. Is and empty set

B. Equals {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}

C. Equals {-2, -1, 1, 2}

D. Equals {-2, 2}
Let [t] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to t.

Let f(x) = x - [x] , g(x) = 1 - x + [x], and h(x) = min {f(x), g(x) } ,

x ∈ [-2, 2]. Then h is : (JEE Main 2021)

Continuous in [-2, 2] but not differentiable at more than four

A.
points in (-2, 2)

B. not continuous at exactly three points in [-2, 2]

continuous in [-2, 2] but not differentiable at exactly three

C.
points in (-2, 2)

D. not continuous at exactly four points in [-2, 2]

Let f : [0,3] → R be defined by
f(x) = min{x – [x], 1 + [x] – x}
Where [x] is the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Let P denote
the set containing all x ∈ [0, 3] where f is discontinuous, and Q denote
the set containing all x ∈ (0, 3) where f is not differentiable. Then the
sum of number of elements in P and Q is equal to

(JEE Main 2021)

Let f : R ⟶ R and g : R ⟶ R be respectively given by
f(x) = |x| + 1 and g(x) = x2 + 1. Define h : R ⟶ R by

(JEE Adv. 2014)

The number of points at which h(x) is not differentiable is

Double Modulus
Functions
f(x) = |x - 1| + |x - 2|
🎿 Shortcut
f(x) = | x | + |x - 1|
🎿 Shortcut
f(x) = |x + 1| + |x - 1|
🎿 Shortcut
f(x) = |2x + 1| + |3x - 1|
🎿 Shortcut
Discuss the continuity and differentiability of
f(x) = |x + 1| + |x| + |x - 1|
Questions on Graphical
Transformation
Let S be the set of points where the function, f(x) = |2 - |x - 3||, x∈R, is
not differentiable. Then f(f(x)) is equal to _
(JEE Main 2020)
Let f(x) = 15 - |x - 10| ; x ∈ R. Then the set of all values of x, at which the
function, g(x) = f(f(x)) is not differentiable, is :
(JEE Main 2019)
A. {5, 10, 15}

B. {10, 15}

C. {5, 10, 15, 20}

D. {10}
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