APPLICATIONS OF ! VECTORS > : — 7 tAmcvau K 730 ~ UNIT 6 & 7 ASSIGNMENT - Vectors & Applications KNOWLEDGE _ _(10 MARKS) 1. Multiplying a vector by a scalar results in: a) ascalar b) aperpendicular vector © collinear vector d) aparallel scalar 2. If @ is any non-zero vector, a unit vector in the same direction of 4 would be: a) fale OF = 4d) ale 3. Ts7+k. F= 37 -2F and Z= 7+37-4k. Determine X+ H+ Z (roa b) sTs67-3E ) 5F447-sk d) sT +27 43k 4ife -37 +27 +4F. determine || OA) b) Vir V3 a3 5. Suppose # - ¥ = 2, |z| = 2and || = 2. What is the angle between the vectors z and ? 2) 30° ©) 45° d) More information is requiredcvau Name: Updated Course Mark: % : K c A 7 { 7/10 (10 fo 10 UNIT 6 & 7 ASSIGNMENT - Vectors & Applications COMMUNICATION (10 MARKS) 411.In the diagram below, the point P = (5, 2,4). Determine the equati ion for the plane containing points A,B,F,andP.(1mark) =» = ee El + Et HAG GC Creer BH Ke a ce 7 Az(o0,) ~orme ren =HFE FSR ene ec a ta gla eetect sce ake Siechen oxy FO LSS ee = 1 he eae eq of aczeA ae AD?E. 12.1fA = (1,2,4) and A+ GB ~2), determine B. (1 mark) _® = (4#,-4, -) 13.In the parallelogram below, [Dal = 5 and [CA] = 10. (3 marks) a) Determine |CB|. ieBl=> he Se b) Name two opposite vectors of CB. a ot ee ee ©) Determine |AC|. — JACIHO 14. All the doors are going to be replaced at St. Marguerite d’Youville. The new doors will require a magnitude of torque of 14 to open the door. The engineers assume that people will apply a 17 N force to open the door at an angle of 90° to the door. To the nearest centimeter, determine how far away from the point of rotation that they should put the door handle. (2 marks) T2yxF FetTN T2114 7-4 Om sy rang Porm ing, valuesint \T ar @= 90% Bae? +4 Ws¥x IT» Sinae + we giskance (yeeeit x4 OF the door Handle id teon/-2 emul 15. For each of the following computations, state whether the result will be a scalar, a vector, or if the om computation is meaningless. (3 marks) a) ix(@xw) ax @-W) c) i-@xwW) Neco: meoninoie > __ AEG Seatac —mcvau Name! Updated Course Mark: % : [ K c 7 A im (Se 710 fo - fo fo INKI (10 MARKS) +j + 3k. Determine ¥ — j + 22. (2 marks) Seas 27+ Pe- ave 207 T+ se) be Pe (2Sedia (TA HOKE > ? > “J +22> Ts apr 20. Isa vector @ = (—13, 36, 23) in the span of b = (—2,3,1) and é [mark] ie Ge in the span oF 8” 6 Xnen Beno rye xO4a) +9 Ai) tis, 6.2 1,4)? Explain your answer. Pxat bused _ (-txt sy. Bx ry X t4y) = E13, se, 23) he inte = lx \6a +> \S ane Dyan oF 2x 19) 72S <= ae Bact xray Meu 4x 3y 210 © 92 ee ay V3-d e- > a Cy Pe Tc. 21. An object is being towed by two ropes. The direction of forces of the ropes are N20°W and 30°. If the resultant force is 1000 N due north, find the magnitude of the tension of each rope. Round your answers to the nearest tenth, [4 mark] mq | Bn 2 Xf Sin 1b0 iv | CCON, ( 1900 (Sn ae = ir) — re Sin (So. lGh= Caz jas _ X 2160-40-10 = 40° < Sin 30 x -2n20 162.20 Te) 1062.28 (Snd = St C.=t00-%0- 36 = Go?Mcv4u Name: Se ea ay 7.1 Vectors as Forces A force can be thought of as either a push or a pull on an object. Ifa large enough force is applied to.an object atrest, the object will most likely move. Aforceis specified by stating its magnitude and direction, and the unit of measure for a force isa Newton (N). Fee i meen tel siney W (Hew ken) In most cases there are more than one force acting on an object. It is most useful to ind the single force, or resultant force, that would produce exactly the same effect as all forces acting together. The individual forces that make up the resyltantare referred to» as the components of the resultant. a hott Kot U Cost Example 1: ‘Two forces are applied to a boat f, = nee and fz = 200N[E). Tea t ake Find the resultant force (magnitude and direction). 200 Kewl one] East ~ sods ost ~2 G0H(ojns wo” tosh Nw “= so,coo - 440,000 ces 120° - +0, 000 | Seed. | ego 2 sine Te, 660 20158 © Too 100 SIMNP = QENSS cin 2264s SON [Note] © = 1Wosiazo” JENS O ~ _ Asystem of forces is ina state of equilibrium ifthe resultant rn i er acl? force is 0. This can also be viewed as the single force that Ss gee opposes the resultant of the forces a¢ting on an object ~ the equilibrant. Vishen pet effect ies cuits ices odie ol on oink te Ho nozneat Three noncollinear forces in equilibrium will form a triangle “MS WO MOSER pied ey on Pe Sahe. VIONS F ‘This means that the forces are coplanar and the largest magnitude force is less or equal to the sum of the other two magnitudes. Fed > Taongle of Tore els Trlr t : €2: Find the tensions in éach string Such that ie body ati onwenent WAT, bore | aN Wis rl ee This Mas¥is appx (0.2 kg oa)mcvau ames | 2 Velocity ~ Velocity is a vector and the measurement unit is m/s or km/h. The resultant velocity of any two velocities is their sum, It is necessary to draw a triangle showing the velocities so there is a clear recognition of the resultant and its relationship to the other two velocities. Yeetr dagen Foss mple 1: Ariver is 1 3 km wide and flows ata rate of 3 km/h. Christina is Bition, road piloting a boat that has a speed of 10 km/h in still water. She leaves the = *r),,e/shore with the boat pointed perpendicular to the shore. Hayley’s house « lies directly across the river. “\' 24a) How far downstream from Hayley’s house will the current push 7 the boat? Round to the nearest hundredth. tuo 8. ee ° ~\_ Netter ~pieegcanh— Velocity tan © 5 hee ye 3} ton lord = ty 2 japeleecers * foe " Xe Ie real IBeiy, 6 nb Sicares tenth” XF 0,34 ke What is Christina’s resulta Hates = joek kelb (E ay seal 0 How many miles il akg ont er fi — ) fake forthe poat to oy the river sxt 7 34 A M602 “pislance > 1a x f. AB) 3 “ces eA = “FZ ° A / emvoukes 4 ¥ ddonstreaee An airplane is headed west with a constant velocity of 500 km/h. fhe’ 3S Meck ov Yaa" plane encounters a wind from the north at 80 km/h. Example 2: a) What is the magnitude of the resultant vector, rounded to the nearest hundredth? \z\l- (00) Gor b) In 2 hours, now BOR the Plane travel? SOG .% G X2hSs = loleete KO c) In what direction will the plane travel? tan @ = SO Soo vy © = tas! (2) ~ @HOMEFUN: oe ©wing « clot yrcodtuct 2 Tee ectos can be meipted mevau —F Name: 2 Ree ae 7.3 The Di Gieauck | ane wasp ee of Laos The dot product of two geometric vectors and 6 with an angle 6 between them (when Positioned tall to tail) isa scalar defined by: the. +b =ldl[Blcose, 0<@< 180° : Sen rea « Example 1: If |i| = 4,|| = 6,and @ = 120°, findii- 7 - Be = (RMT | ws 120° > = (uy (oe) es woe - = QNeosizo° = - 1? lege =- \\ee los Example 2: If |dl = 11, calculate da, \a\ia le a \alas O \alFeasO & . > annie is O v ve 2) io = \2\ - Properties of the Dot Product > 1. @-bisascalar (anumber, NOTa 5. If 90° < @ < 180° then cos@ < 0 vector) and a-b<0 ) 2. If dis perpendicular to b then 6B G=G:5 G-5 = 0 (since cos 90° = 0) ney c » TB GHD =B G+p7 \ 3. [fb = 0 then |a| = O orb] = axiop= ier 2 ordis perpendicular to 9. (kd) -G =B- (kG) = KBE jaa 4. If0° < @.< 90° then cos@ > 0 and WDA eB e REM), { -b>0 "NOTE: Air Speed + Wind Speed = Ground Speed \ Example 3: Ifthe vectors dnd 9 bre perpendicular to each other, what value of k ill make GO: a KD = |B? + 21g/7 ? ima pq eye irre a i “e(FP Gy) relay M iaik il: Ip Pere = ip Pel q\ (a2 pari] = “lp lr saayl HOMEFUN; Pg. 377 # ae ef, 8, 9b, 11, 12b, 15°mcvau In the previous section, we examined the dot product of two geometric vectors. In this section we will examine the dot product of two algebraic vectors using the knowledge and skills we obtained from section 7.3. InR2if @ = (a@,,a,) and b = (b,,b,) then G@-b = a,b, + ab, InR3if 4 = (@,a2,a3) and b = (b;,bp, bs)then G-b = a,b, + azb, + a5b5 We can apply the formulas and rules from. section 7.3 in this section, such as: [al|B| cos@ eee eke For each of the following pairs of vectors, determine both their dot Example 1: -dot product and the angle, to the nearest degree, between the two vectors. a) d= (-1,2),b = (1,2) 8) = G.1,-1,5 = 21-6) eee 51818] cos 2 eB: EOV1HG = 3+ leus© 3 al ~ 7 - oo < % osc (|G . Bletee 3 ee. ) Nel Tense ot, lel) aT no alce Zo (7 Sr E= [AIP feos AG ta a 425i oO Example 2: Fermin anc efor whiclffhe vectors = (1, 1,—1) and” © B = (2k, 2, 3k) are perpendicular. _ y wif O b 2 0 J ¢ > 4 [ 352 2¢| @el=2kt2 +3 — Or, : : a ~ a ole - Or Sue *Peperties af dot product moe ee y T eq-k Find the components of a vector perpendicular to the vectors ample 3: B= (1,2,-1) and g = (-1,0,2). Gye = +2 O- Key ) O= der oy se wee Pg. 385 # J i SSleans 16,17, RP ) solwoonas (@e,-$2,2)ner Name:_Sofudi. 7 ‘1.2 Velocity ‘ement unit is m/s or km/h. The resultant velocity of _ ny two velocities is their sum, Itismecessary to draw a triangle showing the velocities any ee is a clear recognition of the resultant and its relationship to the other two : Nole ¢ v velocities. te Hl >\ Velocity is a vector and the measur P awe 7 / yor # 2 “ye Vv Y a gan vewraers ty Example 1: Ariver is 1.3 km wide and flows ata rate of 3 km/h. Christina is Bion: “@® piloting a boat that has a speed of 10 km/h in still water. She leaves the | 5k, 4e}shore with the boat pointed perpendicular to the shore. Hayley’s house ashi «lies directly across the river. ad “\ '2@ a) How far downstream from Hayley’s house will the current push Sy the boat? Round to the nearesthundredth. _4$ tuoO> x k— Nlelocity tan O = 2@2\6.4 3 tones & yo ° S, ° fp wapslecaes > toa" (Sf, E le. 5 Xe AB how (6.7 ; by wnat is Chistind retire ASB Sen res vend sa Rat i kercrar LX ond bon -e at 04 = 24 koa CE og) ittake AoA poalteees ball ic Ss) 2 1e3sey $ = ay ©) How many minutes will y de teear . s ih raeales 9 d = : mic le 2: An airplane is headed west with a constant velocity of 500 km/h. The i - ‘eq plane encounters a wind from the north at 80 km/h. a) What is the magnitude of the resultant vector, rounded tothe? '435 kw. nearest hundredth? 5 2 506.36 em J \R\- (oo) Gor [ ={ 355) b) In 2 hourg, haw BF Wil the Plane travel? 506.36 x2hs = lowertZem in Shee c) In what direction will the plane travel? ° ton @ = BO. 62 al y © = hast ( rt ts ae s| @HOMEFUN: Pg. 369 #5, 8-11, 13 OTemevau Name: Solshon k y 5 Scalar and Vector Projections Scalar Projection When calculating the scalar projection of @ onto b, what is * needed is to isolate for |d| cos @ in the dot product formula: 4 a-b = |a|[B| cose - deb . isolate Projection of onto B = 1 =\@\ eos cr |e las \b When calculating the scalar projection of b onto a, what is . needed is to isolate for |b|cos@ in the dot product formula: tronctnot Boned Aire e isclote Where fe [Blase From this we can see thier # {unless = ae are) ~ Example 1: Given two vectors with the magnitudes |d] = 10 and |B| = 7 respectively, and the angle between them is equal to 8 = To find the scalar projection Ze V-\@\\B\s© a) of dontob b) of B onto a 2 (alas © * =\blasO * = (Ocos (2 = \6as 1209 == | Vector Projection The calculation of the vector proje: OB. Ses0 ey Scalar projection of gon Yector projection of gion BDirection Cosines If@, B, and y are the angles that OP = (a,b,c) makes with the itive x-axis, y-axis, =) and z-axis respectively then a cosa = Example 2: For the points A(2,2,1),B(4,1,3) and C(0,—1,~2), determine the ae Be following: fer ge m peice Wee a) the scalar and vector projections of AB on e/— . PE fab AE PE QACOROD Vector Proje: iat Kae = (140+ CO) | = — Ne eee a ead acme an te =-4 three positive coordinate axes. Round your answers to the nearest tenth of a degree. = oe . AckYaa" 7 AC = (-2,-2, ay Inet X= ans yoonis Bay? = 7-2 -2 -3 Cos = =e CS * — cas = Tyraaa 22 2 fost = =k f 7 12e7.8° VeeMcv4u Name: 2.6 The Cross Product of Two Vectors = __fwe are given two vectors d and 6, and want to calculate their cross product, what we are trying to find is a particular vector that is perpendicular to each of the two given vectors. The cross product is sometimes referred to as a vector product because the result is a vector and nota scalar (like dot product). The cross product only exists in R®, Let d and 5 be two non-collinear vectors in 3-space arranged tail-to-tail forming an angle 8, where 0° < @ < 180° ‘The direction of a x Bis perpendicular to the plane containing @ and B so that d, b, and d x B satisfy the right-hand rule. When the fingers of the right hand point in the direction of d and curl towards 3, the thumb points in the direction of a x B. Given d = (a,,a2,a3) and b = (b;,b2, bs) then: @ XB = (@gb3 — agbz, dsb; — ayb3,4,b2 — abr) An easy way to remember is to use the following visual representation: re 2 oc {tation 7 e ~ oe Betier Susie Z é a ab 1. 2 4 x = 03b5~ a5by = 3-2-1 a ~ by 3 * y= a,b, ~ ayby 2=4)b, 0b, os b, Hy = acy” ae cheek § g pute the cross product (1,-1,3) « (2, 7-3) pene abs — Qab2y Agbinm abs, abe” az &) Be C18 4,9) (5-21) 6-95 3- Ge) ° = (18 5915 4), oF ary other meipie [ereC 19.4.9) bd event eS - Example 2: For each of the following cofiputations, state whether the result will be a sgalar, a vector, or if the computation is meaningless. a) |ax dé b) @xb+a-B ) ((@xb)x2)-d ~ BM — PEEP sect? 2 (GOD. : vetoes vedo Meécaing less = cralac s 7 @HOMEFUN: Pg. 407 # 3, 4ef, 5,6,8,11meu on Reena 5oM@ —h2) ea iy 5 APSA WA \ Work, W, is defined as the dot product of the distance an object has been a displaced, 3, in metres (m), and the component of the force along the line ; of displacement, F, in newtons (N). Therefore, the tnit for work is 7 newton-metres, or joules (J). adept dislooce “a W= F. w= (ene) scolar oc n ,@ SY 58 Example 1: A rickshaw driver pulls his cart at an angle of 0° with the i i current customer requires him to pull up on the,rickshaw handles with a force of 60N, and the trip is a total of 750 m, how much ‘work, in J, has the rickshaw driver Bae the course ofthis of Round your answer to two decimal places. we “F \cos ez a ’ ie “ ee ee velews = 1.96 @ 350 ax ‘ccass? = sesrtet ws 1. The torque (rotational or turning effect), measured in joules, J, about the point M, is created by the cross product of force, f, in newtons (N), and the length ofthe lever arm, fn metres (m), acting on an object z= [| = [MN x F| > measures °s the overall twisting effect of the applied Tor ©, strenuous portion ofthe ride to ee <2 Jat the top of her pedal-stroke. If the force 'BSem= aor # ~ bxerted by the cyclist at this point is if a direction that if 60° relative to the pedal, and a at the pedals arg 25 __ Example 2: A stationary bicycle records the magnitude of torque exerted by a cyclist during a x * length, how niuch force, in N, mustthe cyclist be exerting at this see igen er ? C6253 . TeTelif [ew© CoH Jy 8 eo Sin 60° % -as) \f\ 600 (0.25) Aree = Vl2, The area of a parallelogram defined by the vectors @ and b is determined hy the formula: oe >» 5 [i = |axb| = |al|b|sing b/ \n i 4h. A a) Example 3: Compute the area ofthe parallelogram determined by the vectors @ = (1, ~2,3) and B = (2,3,—4). Round your answer to two decimal places. ee vi ; Ve \axbe | Ne evoss product NOOO ( - e\ t = Lane @eyr Ge \ax Seo 7 ~ 14 100444 2 3 —— : — aS BE BT \ =e : o Bxb=G1,1%F Fs ~ 1X2 8 Gt4= 10 b= C114) Tasne Be ee a . = se —~ \2e20 3. The area of a triangle defined by the vectors @ and b is given by: None 1 zy 1 iy =z =3l@ x5] = 5lalld|sina = a Example 4: Compute the area of the triangle determined by the vectors @ = (1,2,5) and = (2,2,-3). Round your answer to two decimal places. Act |axb] = 5 TGQ WOEGY + 2 Deer lerir e > = 2 yo9 . aces -\6 2106 BE nits spore > ' Ka ge tore? ip Bx b= Cu,2,-2) > Check > Ltsing, dot poate pte eea-ye- —= eee 2 2 2 Ei >) Ss la\\ChosO : To VF ws Bo ws Vac Locsin lzeu" Oe 210, BGC eens spearech Sprang’2. The area of a parallelogram defined by the vectors d and b is determined by the formu = A= |4x3| = lalé|sing Example 3: Compute the area of the parallelogram determined by the vectors @ = (1,—2,3) and 5 = (2,3,—4), Round your answer to two decimal places. alae =lellels pe lex use evoss prodact ( ax | I N= Lae eyr a oe \. = Teoma EO me Bote Th ico Se ae Ne eau ee) ceaslosa -22h% |e stud . ae - \2020 +) Or 3. The area of a triangle defined by the vectors @ and B is given by: panes 1 a 1 i) A=3|4x5| =5lallb|sine = Oo Example 4: Compute the area of the triangle determined by the vectors a = (1,2,5) and b = (2,2,—3). Round your answer to two decimal places. axb| = 51) Gy * z aeerser+4 a > = 21404 x= -G-lo * -16 2106 BE nits we A x . FS cant ope > Ka ge tore is Feb = C16,13,-2) FY Check > Using dot PORTE eich 2 2c a4ereg $ p.cs eilebso Bot eae 224-152 BOTT wo (BO OF ws stave Ax £12] /6] 00 a wet EGF sin N24" = Ye = 10, 36 awh7 ~ “7” APPLICATION - VECTORS UT. Dok Woduck oP PG Vis) AlWnen 2+ forced GCC appiccl * TERNECl OS AIGEDrOIC 14 Rak 40 AN Ob). Nex EFPECT OF 0 F-(0,,a9 @ B+ lo,bd trem. Can We represented py then. G+? = Glos + Oboe. Me cesurrant vector cletermine +10 G=(A,, Ar. Ged 2 C =Lo,)b.b») by acid, THE vector. cop Py Anen G-WS= A, + O21: 12 Do Gach foile. * proper t1eD_ OP dor praciuct +) equiliorioM = Mer ePFECK Of held geo & GIQe veckS (ON force> — No Mouement “Loon @ vette OD HP 2B-8, i> ceoitem OP Hee lnere @ D> angle bio cmes¥ “#2 CFs Fa) eopiiosum 6 Fa ee ee se GB +C-G me AGC are 4 PogchoN OF 4 vector onto IN qQuiliterium state __NORMEF COM WE Oo vEcke o axles CTLONEUSCIT YQ he vector projection = Girecha # Velocity OF GA Opject 1S Sickel * ees Cane lative to G Frame OF fePrence. = “TET = 18) Coe, where O-orgle s|Thid inPwcnceD sAcitech velocity: a TF “| Aic/woter Speed P plone/osar *vecter projection da felanve © A permen on ward, = See es GE) e Grund speect i> speci oF s direction Comde® For @ rap. Plane/ poet Yeiohve te PASSN are CODe= Va een ) GN QOond w/ and 2 Guner’ eefect tos P= Tar Petree iootan Seay eSUeRmNEMERe Een ac Cos¥ * ar erTe* Wntre + Br eidek product of Go Ris a Ore airéchon argieD ble peD calor > B+ = 1ENG) co € velo, GP 2 PCSINGIVE Anis where @ 15 the Angle brw 2 vectors, *\P 0° 2£@ 440°, tren OB 20 +P B= Aor, men S-F =o * UoS oduct Ax BS ow 2 vector 2 BW redults in OMe 9 reopectnl Vvetror teat i> Perpanclicuiay +0. ome Me gree Lecture MAK 8 = Lass. Asb.a—0.- Abs. fu, a2 b)born tne Gok as Newranrs (Ny, S torque = Px Pe x8 1 iFUAT OO re foe mnedaures. “aia tani ee OF _appwedrd Force aoe cross product une in parreiry Py orFio, F 2 Sine OPPIEA i Co} — I> tre Aisplacement of We Ody mecesored AWW mM 2 + wot. 1 Soules — [@lx iB = (@lllsme. = [A_oP _Paranereaoun, wy Diaer aOR ALOP _TYYGNg\e ual a 8 Be \Wifioee ee ee \ 4 See .