DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY

FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 6m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 6.00 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 3.00 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 1.00 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

2.2 m
PP
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 27.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 3.00 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 6.00 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 1.00 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m
SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 109.44 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.27
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 35.06 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 3.69
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 162.00 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 1.67 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 43.20 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 1.50 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 67.20 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 2.75 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 109.44 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 2.17 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 35.06 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.33 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 1.55 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 272.40 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 531.29 kN - 237.85 kN = 1.08 m

272.40 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 1.00 m , 2B = 2.00 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…
 C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.42 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

272.40 6 x 0.42
q max. = 1 + = 167.07 kN/m2
3.00 3.00

272.40 6 x 0.42
q min. = 1 - = 14.53 kN/m2
3.00 3.00

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

Prepared by: Checked by: Reviewed by:

ALFALFA CONSTRUCTION MARIO B. PUDDUNAN JUDITH W. BINWAG

Contractor Engineer II Project Engineer
Chief, Construction Section
DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 5.5 m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 5.50 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 2.80 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 1.00 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

PP 2.0 m
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 27.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 2.80 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 5.50 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 1.00 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 93.30 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.27
1+sinØ
 Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 35.06 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 3.69
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 135.24 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 1.53 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 40.32 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 1.40 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 61.20 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 2.55 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 93.30 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 2.01 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 35.06 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.33 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 1.6 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 236.76 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 431.56 kN - 187.22 kN = 1.03 m

236.76 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.93 m , 2B = 1.87 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.37 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

236.76 6 x 0.37
q max. = 1 + = 151.6 kN/m2
2.80 2.80

236.76 6 x 0.37
q min. = 1 - = 17.52 kN/m2
2.80 2.80

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 5m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 5.00 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 2.50 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 1.00 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

PP 1.8 m
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 27.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 2.50 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 5.00 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 1.00 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 78.44 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.27
1+sinØ
 Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 35.06 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 3.69
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 105.60 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 1.33 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 36.00 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 1.25 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 55.20 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 2.25 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 78.44 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 1.84 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 35.06 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.33 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 1.63 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 196.80 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 321.69 kN - 144.34 kN = 0.90 m

196.80 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.83 m , 2B = 1.67 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.35 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

196.80 6 x 0.35
q max. = 1 + = 144.84 kN/m2
2.50 2.50

196.80 6 x 0.35
q min. = 1 - = 12.6 kN/m2
2.50 2.50

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 4.5 m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 4.50 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 2.20 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 1.00 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

PP 1.7 m
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 26.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 2.20 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 4.50 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 1.00 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 64.88 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.27
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 35.06 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 3.69
 Cph = Cph = 3.69
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 79.56 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 1.13 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 31.68 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 1.10 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 49.20 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 1.95 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 64.88 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 1.67 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 35.06 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.33 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 1.66 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 160.44 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 232.64 kN - 108.56 kN = 0.77 m

160.44 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.73 m , 2B = 1.47 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.33 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

160.44 6 x 0.33
q max. = 1 + = 138.56 kN/m2
2.20 2.20

160.44 6 x 0.33
q min. = 1 - = 7.29 kN/m2
2.20 2.20

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 4m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 4.00 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 2.00 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 1.00 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

PP 1.5 m
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 27.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 2.00 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 4.00 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 1.00 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 52.60 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.27
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 35.06 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 3.69
 Cph = Cph = 3.69
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 61.20 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 1.00 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 28.80 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 1.00 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 43.20 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 1.75 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 52.60 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 1.51 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 35.06 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.33 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 1.76 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 133.20 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 177.29 kN - 79.24 kN = 0.74 m

133.20 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.67 m , 2B = 1.33 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.26 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

133.20 6 x 0.26
q max. = 1 + = 118.55 kN/m2
2.00 2.00

133.20 6 x 0.26
q min. = 1 - = 14.65 kN/m2
2.00 2.00

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 3.5 m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 3.50 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 1.70 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 1.00 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

PP 1.3 m
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 26.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 1.70 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 3.50 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 1.00 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 41.60 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.27
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 35.06 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 3.69
 Cph = Cph = 3.69
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 41.76 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 0.80 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 24.48 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 0.85 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 37.20 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 1.45 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 41.60 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 1.34 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 35.06 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.33 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 1.83 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 103.44 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 119.84 kN - 55.75 kN = 0.62 m

103.44 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.57 m , 2B = 1.13 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.23 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

103.44 6 x 0.23
q max. = 1 + = 110.24 kN/m2
1.70 1.70

103.44 6 x 0.23
q min. = 1 - = 11.45 kN/m2
1.70 1.70

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 3m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 2.50 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 0.80 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 1.00 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

PP 1.0 m
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 26.75 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 40°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 11.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 0.80 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 2.50 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 1.00 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 18.84 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.22
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 43.69 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 4.60
 Cph = Cph = 4.60
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 7.62 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 0.20 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 12.84 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 0.40 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 28.09 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 0.55 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 18.84 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 1.01 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 43.69 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.33 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 2.69 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 48.55 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 36.67 kN - 18.97 kN = 0.36 m

48.55 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.27 m , 2B = 0.53 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.04 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

48.55 6 x 0.04
q max. = 1 + = 78.89 kN/m2
0.80 0.80

48.55 6 x 0.04
q min. = 1 - = 42.48 kN/m2
0.80 0.80

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 2.5 m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 2.50 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 1.20 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 1.00 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

PP 1.0 m
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 25.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 1.20 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 2.50 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 1.00 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 23.48 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.27
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 35.06 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 3.69
 Cph = Cph = 3.69
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 15.96 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 0.47 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 17.28 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 0.60 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 25.20 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 0.95 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 23.48 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 1.01 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 35.06 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.33 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 2.19 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 58.44 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 53.44 kN - 23.64 kN = 0.51 m

58.44 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.40 m , 2B = 0.80 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.09 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

58.44 6 x 0.09
q max. = 1 + = 70.62 kN/m2
1.20 1.20

58.44 6 x 0.09
q min. = 1 - = 26.79 kN/m2
1.20 1.20

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 2m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 2.00 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 1.00 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 0.80 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

PP 0.8 m
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 23.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 1.00 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 2.00 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 0.80 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 16.35 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.27
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 22.44 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 3.69
 Cph = Cph = 3.69
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 8.40 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 0.33 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 14.40 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 0.50 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 21.60 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 0.75 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 16.35 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 0.84 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 22.44 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.27 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 2.25 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 44.40 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 32.18 kN - 13.73 kN = 0.42 m

44.40 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.33 m , 2B = 0.67 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.08 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

44.40 6 x 0.08
q max. = 1 + = 65.71 kN/m2
1.00 1.00

44.40 6 x 0.08
q min. = 1 - = 23.09 kN/m2
1.00 1.00

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 1.5 m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 1.50 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 0.80 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 0.60 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

PP 0.7 m
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 18.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 0.80 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 1.50 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 0.60 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 10.50 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.27
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 12.62 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 3.69
 Cph = Cph = 3.69
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 3.24 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 0.20 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 11.52 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 0.40 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 18.00 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 0.55 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 10.50 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 0.67 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 12.62 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.20 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 2.38 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 32.76 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 17.68 kN - 7.07 kN = 0.32 m

32.76 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.27 m , 2B = 0.53 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.08 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

32.76 6 x 0.08
q max. = 1 + = 65.52 kN/m2
0.80 0.80

32.76 6 x 0.08
q min. = 1 - = 16.38 kN/m2
0.80 0.80

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

DESIGN ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED STONE MASONRY
FOR A TOTAL HEIGHT, H = 1m

DESIGN CODES & REFERENCES

a) Jack C. McCormac (1986) Design of Reinforced Concrete, 2nd Edition
b) Venancio I. Besavilla (1988). Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition Vol. 1
c) Doroteo M. Salazar (1984). Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design, Volume I
d) Rice, P.F., and Hoffman, E.S. (1979) Structural Design Guide to the ACI Building Code, 2d. Ed. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhold

DIMENSIONS:
Height of Stone Masonry H = 1.00 m = Height of Active Pressure
Bottom width of stone masonry B = 0.50 m
Base thickness of stone masonry h1 = 0.60 m
Height of passive soil pressure h = 0.60 m

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b

Surcharge
0.6 m

h' = 0.52 m

W3

W1
H

ϑ
PA
W2

PP 0.5 m
h

h1

YP

x1
x2
x3

xv
Rv
B

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55
ϑ = Slope of outside wall = 0.0°
B = Bottom width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
b = Top width of stone masonry = 0.50 m
h1 = Bottom thickness of stone masonry = 0.60 m
H = Height of active soil pressure = 1.00 m
h = Height of passive soil pressure = 0.60 m
h' = Height equivalent of surcharge = 0.52 m
bw = Considered strip of Masonry = 1.00 m

SOIL PRESSURES :

Static Active Earth Pressure

PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw PA = 5.95 kN

1-sinØ
Cah = Cah = 0.27
1+sinØ

Static Passive Earth Pressure

PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw PP = 12.62 kN

1+sinØ
Cph = Cph = 3.69
 Cph = Cph = 3.69
1-sinØ

Loading and Lever arm Computations :

W1 = 1/2(B-b)(H-h1)(bw)(wsm) = 0.00 kN x1 = 2/3(B-b) = 0.00 m

W2 = = (B)(h1)(bw)(wsm) = 7.20 kN x2 = 1/2(B) = 0.25 m
W3 = (b)(H)(bw)(wsm) = 12.00 kN x3 = B-b+1/2(b) = 0.25 m
PA = 1/2 Cahws(H+h')2bw = 5.95 kN yA = 1/3(H+h') = 0.51 m
PP = 1/2 Cphwsh2bw = 12.62 kN yP = 1/3(h) = 0.20 m

A) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY μ*Σ(Righting forces) μ*Σ(W1+W2+W3+Pp)

= =
AGAINST SLIDING: Σ(Sliding forces) Σ(PA)

= 2.94 . . . . . O.K.! ! ! . . . SAFE

B) CHECK FOR FACTOR OF SAFETY

AGAINST OVERTURNING:
ΣForces acting at Footing, Resultant Force = Rv = W1+W2+W3 = 19.20 kN

Location of Resultant Force, Rv from Toe = Righting Moment - Overturning Moment

Resultant Force

Xv = 7.32 kN - 3.01 kN = 0.22 m

19.20 kN

Stability for overturning is conditioned by that the acting point of the Resultant Force, Rv must be within
the central one-third portion of the bottom width, B.

B 2B , B = 0.17 m , 2B = 0.33 m
≤ Xv ≤
3 3 3 3
…SAFE FOR OVERTURNING, Rv WITHIN THE
REMARKS
MIDDLE THIRD…

C) CHECK BEARING CAPACITY OF FOUNDATION

Rv + 6e where e = B/2-Xv, e = 0.03 m

Soil Pressure, q = 1
B - B

19.20 6 x 0.03
q max. = 1 + = 52.22 kN/m2
0.50 0.50

19.20 6 x 0.03
q min. = 1 - = 24.58 kN/m2
0.50 0.50

Pressumed Allowable Bearing Capacity (Stiff Clay,

= 300 kN/m2
Compact Sand), kPa

REMARKS …OK, SAFE…!!!

STANDARD STONE MASONRY DETAILS & DIMENSIONS (FOR SECTIONS WITH GRADUAL SLOPES AT CLIFFSIDE
WHERE THERE IS ENOUGH AREA FOR FOUNDATION AT THE OUTSIDE FACE)

Design Parameters
wsm = Unit weight of Stone Masonry = 24.00 kN/m³
S = Surcharge due to live load = 9.81 kN/m2
Ws = Unit weight of soil = 19.0 kN/m³
Ø = Angle of friction of soil = 35°
μ = Coefficient of friction b/n conc. footing and soil = 0.55

Stone Masonry Schematic Diagram :

b
0.6 m
H

.
h

PRESSUMED SOIL
HEIGHTS (m) SECTION (m) COMPUTED PRESSURE BEARING CAPACITY (Stiff
EXERTED BY STRUCTURE Clays, Compact Sand),
(kPa)
H h B b qmax qmin qallow(kPa)
1.00 0.60 0.50 0.50 52.22 24.58 300
1.50 0.60 0.80 0.50 65.52 16.38 300
2.00 0.60 1.00 0.50 65.71 23.09 300
2.50 0.60 1.20 0.50 70.62 26.79 300
3.00 0.60 1.50 0.50 87.04 21.76 300
3.50 0.60 1.70 0.50 110.24 11.45 300
4.00 0.60 2.00 0.50 118.55 14.65 300
4.50 0.60 2.20 0.50 138.56 7.29 300
5.00 0.60 2.50 0.50 144.84 12.60 300
5.50 0.60 2.80 0.50 151.60 17.52 300
6.00 0.60 3.00 0.50 167.07 14.53 300

Note:
1.) Allowable bearing capacity of ground must be verified before construction to ensure the stability of the stone
masonry.

2.) The computed pressure exerted by the stone masonry, qmin. & qmax. must be less than or equal to the
allowable/actual soil bearing capacity, qallow. of ground.

DESIGNED: CHECKED: APPROVED:

ARNOLD O. DACWAG EDGARDO G. ENRIQUEZ ANGELITA B. MABITAZAN

ENGINEER II ENGINEER III OIC-CHIEF, PLANNING & DES. DIV.