QLD Curriculum

11
SPECIALIST (UNIT 1 AND 2)

THE SMART COURSEBOOK

Fully Worked Solutions

John Kinny-Lewis
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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 - Algebra 1
1.1 - Indices 2
1.2 - Standard form 5
1.3 - Solving linear equations and simultaneous linear equations 8
1.4 - Solving problems with linear equations 11
1.5 - Solving problems with simultaneous linear equations 14
1.6 - Substitution and transposition of formulas 17
1.7 - Algebraic fractions 20
1.8 - Literal equations 23
Chapter 2 - Number Systems and Sets 26
2.1 - Set notation 27
2.2 - Sets of numbers 30
2.3 - Surds 33
2.4 - Natural numbers 36
2.5 - Problems involving sets 39
Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Ratios and Applications 42
3.1 - Reviewing trigonometry 43
3.2 - Exact values of sine, cosine and tangent 46
3.3 - The sine rule 49
3.4 - The cosine rule 52
3.5 - Angles of elevation, angles of depression and bearings 55
3.6 - Angles in the four quadrants 58
Chapter 4 - Further Algebra 61
4.1 - Polynomial identities 62
4.2 - Quadratic equations 65
4.3 - Applying quadratic equations to rate problems 68
4.4 - Partial fractions 71
4.5 - Simultaneous equations 74
Chapter 5 - Vectors in the Plane 77
5.1 - Introduction to vectors 78
5.2 - Components of vectors 81
5.3 - Polar form of a vector 84
5.4 - Scalar product of vectors 87
5.5 - Vector projections 90
5.6 - Applications of vectors - displacement and velocity 93
5.7 - Applications of vectors - relative velocity 96
5.8 - Applications of vectors - forces and equilibrium 99
Table of Contents

Chapter 6 - Principles of counting 102

6.1 - Basic counting methods 103
6.2 - Factorial notation and permutations 106
6.3 - Permutations with restrictions 109
6.4 - Permutations of like objects 112
6.5 - Combinations 115
6.6 - Combinations with restrictions 118
6.7 - Pascals triangle 121
6.8 - The pigeonhole principle 124
6.9 - The inclusion-exclusion principle 127
6.10 - Applications to probability 130
Chapter 7 - Number and Proof 133
7.1 - Direct proof 134
7.2 - Proof by contrapositive 137
7.3 - Proof by contradiction 140
7.4 - Equivalent statements 143
7.5 - Disproving statements 146
7.6 - Mathematical induction 149
Chapter 8 - Geometry in the plane and proof 152
8.1 - Points, lines and angles 153
8.2 - Triangles and polygons 156
8.3 - Congruence and proofs 159
8.4 - Pythagoras theorem 162
8.5 - Ratios 165
8.6 - Introduction to similarity 168
8.7 - Proofs involving similarity 171
8.8 - Areas, volumes and similarity 174
8.9 - Geometric proofs using vectors 177
8.10 - The golden ratio 180
Chapter 9 - Circle Geometry 183
9.1 - Angle properties of circles 184
9.2 - Tangents 187
9.3 - Chords in circles 190
Chapter 10 - Graphing techniques 193
10.1 - The modulus function 194
10.2 - Reciprocals of polynomial functions 197
10.3 - Rational functions 200
10.4 - Graphing rational functions using calculus 203
Table of Contents

Chapter 11 - Trigonometric functions 206

11.1 - Defining the trigonometric functions 207
11.2 - Symmetry properties and the Pythagorean identity 210
11.3 - Solution of equations involving sine and cosine 213
11.4 - Transformations of the graphs of sine and cosine 216
11.5 - The tangent function 219
11.6 - General solution of trigonometric equations 222
11.7 - Reciprocals of trigonometric functions 225
11.8 - Graphing the reciprocal trigonometric functions 228
11.9 - Applications of trigonometric functions 231
Chapter 12 - Trigonometric identities 234
12.1 - Reciprocal trigonometric functions and the Pythagorean identity 235
12.2 - Angle sum and di erence identities 238
12.3 - Simplifying a cos x + b sin x 241
12.4 - Sums and products of sines and cosines 244
Chapter 13 - Complex numbers 247
13.1 - Starting to build the complex numbers 248
13.2 - Multiplication and division of complex numbers 251
13.3 - Argand diagrams 254
13.4 - Solving equations over the complex numbers 257
13.5 - Polar form of a complex number 260
13.6 - De Moivres theorem 263
Chapter 14 - Matrices 266
14.1 - Matrix notation 267
14.2 - Addition, subtraction and multiplication by a real number 270
14.3 - Multiplication of matrices 273
14.4 - Identities, inverses and determinants for 2 x 2 matrices 276
14.5 - Solution of simultaneous equations using matrices 279
14.6 - Inverses and determinants for n x n matrices 282
14.7 - Simultaneous linear equations with more than two variables 285
Chapter 15 - Transformations of the plane 288
15.1 - Linear transformations 289
15.2 - Geometric transformations 292
15.3 - Rotations and general reflections 295
15.4 - Composition of transformations 298
15.5 - Inverse transformations 301
15.6 - Transformations of straight lines and other graphs 304
15.7 - Area and determinant 307
15.8 - General transformations 310
Table of Contents

Chapter 16 - Further graphing techniques 313

16.1 - Locus of points 314
16.2 - Parabolas 317
16.3 - Ellipses 320
16.4 - Hyperbolas 323
16.5 - Parametric equations 326
16.6 - Polar coordinates 329
16.7 - Graphing using polar coordinates 332
16.8 - Further graphing using polar coordinates 335
 Chapter 1

Algebra
Topics covered
Indices 1.1
Standard form 1.2
Solving linear equations and simultaneous linear equations 1.3
Solving problems with linear equations 1.4
Solving problems with simultaneous linear equations 1.5
Substitution and transposition of formulas 1.6
Algebraic fractions 1.7
Literal equations 1.8

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Indices ALGEBRA - 2

Question 1 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Simplify (x
3 1
3 −
) 2 × x 2

Question 2 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 3

Simplify
(4p) ×2q
−2 −1
8p q

Question 3 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

n n−1

Given that 3 ×9
2n
3 ×27
= 3
an+b
, find a and b

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Indices ALGEBRA - 3

Question 4 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1 1 1

Simplify (2 4
2
) × 2 3
−
× 2 6

Question 5 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Simplify √x3y2 × √x−1y4

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Indices ALGEBRA - 4

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Standard form ALGEBRA - 5

Question 6 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express 24 000 000 in standard form

Question 7 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express 0.000024 in standard form

Question 8 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express 24765 in standard form correct to three significant figures.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Standard form ALGEBRA - 6

Question 9 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express 0.003292 in standard form correct to three significant figures

Question 10 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

4
V = πr ,
3
r = 1.235 , evaluate V correct to 2 significant figures.
3

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Standard form ALGEBRA - 7

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Solving linear equations and simultaneous linear equations ALGEBRA - 8

Question 11 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

3x − 2
The solution to = 4 is?
3

Question 12 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

x − 1 x + 3
The solution to = is?
x + 2 x − 1

Question 13 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

a + 2 a + 1
The solution to − = 1 is?
3 2

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Solving linear equations and simultaneous linear equations ALGEBRA - 9

Question 14 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

The solutions to y = x − 3 and 2x + 3y = 26 are?

Question 15 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

The solutions to 2x + y = 8 and x − 3y = 11 are?

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Solving linear equations and simultaneous linear equations ALGEBRA - 10

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Solving problems with linear equations ALGEBRA - 11

Question 16 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Five more than twice a certain number is one more than the number itself. Find the number

Question 17 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Tong has $200 in his wallet, consisting of $10 and $5 notes. If he has twice as many $10 notes
as $5 notes, how many $5 notes does Tong have?

Question 18 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

My mother is 21 years older than me. 12 years ago, she was double my age. How old am I
now?

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Solving problems with linear equations ALGEBRA - 12

Question 19 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A fuel tank in a car is 40% full. 14 litres are added and now the tank is 75% full. How much fuel
does the tank hold?

Question 20 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A cyclist rides at an initial constant speed for 5 hours and then for 4 hours at a speed of 6 km/h
greater than the initial speed. If she rides 294 km altogether, what was her initial speed?

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Solving problems with linear equations ALGEBRA - 13

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Solving problems with simultaneous linear equations ALGEBRA - 14

Question 21 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

The larger of two numbers is three times the smaller and their di erence is 34. The numbers
are?

Question 22 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

A rectangle has a perimeter of 56cm. If 4cm is taken from the length and added to the width
the rectangle becomes a square. The dimensions of the original rectangle are?

Question 23 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Three pieces of fish and two serves of chips cost a total of $ 8.10. Five pieces of fish and three
serves of chips cost a total of $13.25, find the cost of one piece of fish and one serve of chips.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Solving problems with simultaneous linear equations ALGEBRA - 15

Question 24 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

A large pizza is priced 25% more than a medium size pizza. The Walker family ordered 5
medium pizzas and 8 large pizzas for $120. The Johnson's ordered 10 medium pizzas with
12 large pizzas. What was the Johnson's total bill?

Question 25 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Lucas and Catherine are shopping in the same supermarket. Both of them buy Oreo packs and
Toblerone bars. Lucas bought 6 Oreo packs and 3 Toblerone bars for $27. Catherine bought 4
Oreo packs and 8 Toblerone bars for $33. By how many cents is an Oreo pack costlier than a
Toblerone bar?

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Solving problems with simultaneous linear equations ALGEBRA - 16

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equations
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Substitution and transposition of formulas ALGEBRA - 17

Question 26 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

1 1
The formula R = − is rearranged to make y the subject. What is this new formula?
x y

Question 27 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

2Rn
Using the formula a = ,what is the value of n when a = 36 and R = 12 ?
n + 1

Question 28 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

n
Using the formula S = (a + l) ,what is the value of a when S = 284, n = 16 and l = 8 ?
2

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Substitution and transposition of formulas ALGEBRA - 18

Question 29 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that v = u 2 2
+ 2as and u = 5, v = 8 and a = 2 the value of s is?

Question 30 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

ax − by
Make x the subject of = b − x
c

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Substitution and transposition of formulas ALGEBRA - 19

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Algebraic fractions ALGEBRA - 20

Question 31 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

x − 1 x + 1
+ when simplified is?
2 3

Question 32 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

1 1
− when simplified is?
x + 1 x

Question 33 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

2
2x − 2 x
×
2
when simplified is?
x x − 1

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Algebraic fractions ALGEBRA - 21

Question 34 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

1 1
− when simplified is?
2 2
x + x x − x

Question 35 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

3
Simplify − √x + 1
√x + 1

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Algebraic fractions ALGEBRA - 22

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Literal equations ALGEBRA - 23

Question 36 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

a b
Solve for x: =
x − a x + b

Question 37 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

b b 2
Solve for x: + =
2 2
x + a x − a x − a

Question 38 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

x x
Solve for x: + 1 = + 2
a b

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Literal equations ALGEBRA - 24

Question 39 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

ax + by = 1
Solve simultaneously:
bx − ay = 1

Question 40 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

ax = a − 2y
Solve simultaneously:
y = a − x

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Literal equations ALGEBRA - 25

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 Chapter 2

Number Systems and Sets

Topics covered
2.1 Set notation
2.2 Sets of numbers
2.3 Surds
2.4 Natural numbers
2.5 Problems involving sets

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Set notation NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 27

Question 41 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Let ξ= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, A = {1, 3, 4}, B = {1, 2} , by using a Venn diagram or otherwise, list
′ ′
A ∩ B

Question 42 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

The shaded area on the Venn diagram represents:

Question 43 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Let ξ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

{factors of 9}, Y {prime numbers}. Hence list (X ∪ Y ) .

′
X = =

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Set notation NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 28

Question 44 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Let ξ = {di erent letters in the word ELEPHANT}

Let A = {di erent letters in the word HEAP}
Let B = {di erent letters in the word PANT}

List the elements of A ′

∪ B

Question 45 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Let ξ = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}
Let A = {multiples of 3}
Let B = {odd numbers}

List A ∪ B ′

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Set notation NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 29

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Sets of numbers NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 30

Question 46 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express 0.12̇3̇ in the simplest rational form

Question 47 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Consider the statements:

i) The product of two rational numbers is always rational

ii) The quotient of two irrational numbers is always irrational

A Only (i) is true B Only (ii) is true C Both are true D Both are false

Question 48 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Give the decimal representation of
24

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Sets of numbers NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 31

Question 49 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

(−2, 3) can be expressed as:

A [x : x < −2 ∪ x > 3] B [x : −2 ≤ x ≤ 3] C [x : x ≤ −2 ∪ x ≥ 3] D [x : −2 < x < 3]

Question 50 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

[x : x ≥ −2] can be expressed as:

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Sets of numbers NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 32

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Surds NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 33

Question 51 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

√ 45 + √ 80

Question 52 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

3√ 5 (√ 10 − 2√ 5) =

Question 53 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

(3√ 2 − 1)

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Surds NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 34

Question 54 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

10
=
5√ 2

Question 55 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

3√ 2 − √ 5

3√ 2 + √ 5

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Surds NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 35

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Natural numbers NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 36

Question 56 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the highest common factor of 14280 and 6048.

Question 57 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the LCM {180,600}

Question 58 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

When the eight factors of 24 are multiplied together, the product is 24 . Find k.
k

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Natural numbers NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 37

Question 59 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find a natural number n such that 26 2 2

× 65
2
= 10
2
× n .

Question 60 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A bell rings every 24 minutes and a clock chimes every 20 minutes. If they sound together at 8
am when will they next sound together?

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Natural numbers NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 38

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Problems involving sets NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 39

Question 61 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In a class of 30 students it is known that 20 had at least one

brother and 14 had at least one sister and 4 had neither a
brother or a sister. How many have both?

Question 62 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

For the sets P , Q and R enter the numbers for:

|P ∩ R ∩ Q| = 2, |P ∩ Q| = 5, |P ∩ R| = 6 ,
,
|R ∩ Q| = 8, |P | = 10, |Q| = 18, |R| = 17, |ξ| = 30 and
hence, determine |P
′ ′
∩ Q|

Question 63 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In a certain school, 70% study French, 40% study Latin and 20%
study neither French nor Latin. What percentage study French and
Latin?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Problems involving sets NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 40

Question 64 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

For the sets A and B |A| = 5, |B| = 8, |A ∩ B| = 3, |ζ| = 14 .

Enter the numbers in the Venn diagram and hence determine
′
|A ∪ B |.

Question 65 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In a group of 90 collectors, 60 collect bottles, 40 collect cups, 30

collect jugs, 20 collect bottles and cups, 15 collect cups and jugs
and 10 collect bottles and jugs. How many collect bottles, cups and
jugs?

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Problems involving sets NUMBER SYSTEMS AND SETS - 41

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 Chapter 3

Trigonometric Ratios and

Applications
Topics covered
3.1 Reviewing trigonometry
3.2 Exact values of sine, cosine and tangent
3.3 The sine rule
3.4 The cosine rule
3.5 Angles of elevation, angles of depression and bearings
3.6 Angles in the four quadrants

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Reviewing trigonometry TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 43

Question 66 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of p in the adjacent triangle (1dp)

Question 67 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the size of angle A, correct to the nearest degree

Question 68 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of a in the adjacent triangle (1dp)

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Reviewing trigonometry TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 44

Question 69 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The distance between the foot of ladder and the wall is 9.5 m. The angle of the ladder against
the wall is 60 . Find, correct to one decimal place, the length of the ladder.
∘

Question 70 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the total distance around track, going through checkpoint 1

and 2. (1dp)

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Reviewing trigonometry TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 45

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Exact values of sine, cosine and tangent TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 46

Question 71 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A ladder 12 m long, standing on level ground, leans against a vertical wall and makes and
angle of 60 with the ground. Calculate how far the base of the ladder is from the wall.
∘

Question 72 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the adjacent Δ ABC, ∠ACB = 90 , ∠BAC = 45

∘ ∘

∠BDC = 60 and BD = 12. Find the length of AC.

∘

Question 73 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A stepladder stands on horizontal ground with its feet 1m apart. If the angle formed by the
legs is 60 , find how high the stepladder is above the ground.
∘

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Exact values of sine, cosine and tangent TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 47

Question 74 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the adjacent triangle find the length

of BD.

Question 75 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the adjacent triangle find the length

of BD.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Exact values of sine, cosine and tangent TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 48

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The sine rule TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 49

Question 76 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find ∠P to the nearest minute

Question 77 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the length of QR, correct to one decimal place

Question 78 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

The town surveyor must stake the lot markers for a new
public park beside an existing building lot. The
engineering department gave the following sketch. Find
the length of BC , correct to one decimal place.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The sine rule TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 50

Question 79 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In ΔABC, AB = 5, AC = 8 and ∠ACB = 20 . Find the size(s) of ∠ABC

∘

Question 80 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In ΔABC, AB ,
= 5, AC = 8 ∠ABC = 40
∘
. Find ∠ACB.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The sine rule TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 51

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The cosine rule TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 52

Question 81 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the length of BC

Question 82 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find ∠P to the nearest degree.

Question 83 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the smallest angle to the nearest degree.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The cosine rule TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 53

Question 84 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Tony walks for 83 km from A in a direction 111 to B and

∘

then for 78 km in a direction 204 to C. What is the

∘

distance from A to C?

Question 85 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Tony walks for 83 km from A in a direction 111 to B and

∘

then for 78 km in a direction 204 to C. What is the

∘

bearing from C to A?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The cosine rule TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 54

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Angles of elevation, angles of depression and bearings TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 55

Question 86 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A man of 175cm height casts a shadow 190 cm long. Calculate, correct to the nearest degree,
the angle of elevation of the sun at this time of day.

Question 87 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The angle of depression from an observer from the top of a cli to a row boat is 6 . The cli is
∘

25m above sea level. The horizontal distance from the boat to the cli is?

Question 88 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A plane is 120 miles north and 85 miles east of an airport. If the pilot wants to fly directly to the
airport, what bearning should be taken?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Angles of elevation, angles of depression and bearings TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 56

Question 89 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A boat sails from a certain port in the direction of S30

∘
E . A er the boat has sailed 8 km, how
far is due east from the port?

Question 90 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A boat leaves from point S on a bearing of 060 . A er the boat has sailed 12 km, it reaches
∘

point P. How far is point P due east of point S?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Angles of elevation, angles of depression and bearings TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 57

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Angles in the four quadrants TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 58

Question 91 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the exact value of tan 330 .

∘

Question 92 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the exact value of sin 150 .

∘

Question 93 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the exact value of cos 210 .

∘

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Angles in the four quadrants TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 59

Question 94 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the exact value of sec (−300 ).

∘

Question 95 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the exact value of cot (−240 ).

∘

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Angles in the four quadrants TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS AND APPLICATIONS - 60

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 Chapter 4

Further Algebra
Topics covered
Polynomial identities 4.1
Quadratic equations 4.2
Applying quadratic equations to rate problems 4.3
Partial fractions 4.4
Simultaneous equations 4.5

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Polynomial identities FURTHER ALGEBRA - 62

Question 96 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find a, b and c if ax 2
+ (b − 2)x + c ≡ 2x
2
+ 5x − 3.

Question 97 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find a and c given that ax (x + 1) + c ≡ 2x

2
+ 2x − 3

Question 98 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express 5x in the form a(x − 1)

2 2
+ 2 + b (x − 1) + c.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Polynomial identities FURTHER ALGEBRA - 63

Question 99 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express x in the form a(x − 1)

2 2
+ b (x − 1) + c.

Question 100 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express x in the form (x − 1)

3 3 2
+ a(x − 1) + b (x − 1) + c.

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Polynomial identities FURTHER ALGEBRA - 64

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Quadratic equations FURTHER ALGEBRA - 65

Question 101 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

By completing the square the solutions to 2x

2
+ 3x − 1 = 0 are?

Question 102 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve x − √x − 6 = 0

Question 103 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

For x + px − 4 = 0, solve the quadratic equation in terms of p and given that 0

2
≤ p ≤ 5 .
Find the values of p that give rational solutions.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Quadratic equations FURTHER ALGEBRA - 66

Question 104 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

A rectangular garden, 7m by 3m is surrounded by a concrete path of unitform width. If the area

of the path is 39m , then the width is?
3

Question 105 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

If α and β are the roots of the equation x

2
+ 4x − 2 = 0 , then the quadratic equation whose
α β
roots are and is?
β α

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Quadratic equations FURTHER ALGEBRA - 67

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Applying quadratic equations to rate problems FURTHER ALGEBRA - 68

Question 106 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 9
The solutions to x + = are?
x 2

Question 107 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A marathon runner travels 24km at a speed of x km/hr. If he reduced his speed by 4km/hr and
the di erence between the times is 1 hour, what was his original speed?

Question 108 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The numerator of a fraction is 3 less than its denominator. If 6 is added to the numerator and 5
to the denominator the value of the fraction is doubled. Find the fraction.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Applying quadratic equations to rate problems FURTHER ALGEBRA - 69

Question 109 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A certain tank can be filled by two pipes in 80 minutes. The larger pipe by itself can fill the tank
in 2 hours less than the smaller pipe by itself. How long does it take for the smaller pipe to fill
the tank by itself?

Question 110 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Two trains each make a journey of 330km. One of the trains travels 5km/h faster than the
other and takes 30 minutes less time. Find the speed of the faster train.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Applying quadratic equations to rate problems FURTHER ALGEBRA - 70

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Partial fractions FURTHER ALGEBRA - 71

Question 111 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

x + 2
Express as a partial fraction
(x − 1) (x − 2)

Question 112 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

2x + 3
Express 2
as a partial fraction
x − 7x + 12

Question 113 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Express 2
as a partial fraction
(x + 1) (x + 4)

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Partial fractions FURTHER ALGEBRA - 72

Question 114 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Express as a partial fraction
2
x(x − 1)

Question 115 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

3
x + 5
Express 2
as a partial fraction
x + x

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Partial fractions FURTHER ALGEBRA - 73

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Simultaneous equations FURTHER ALGEBRA - 74

Question 116 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

The solutions to x − y = 1 and xy = 2 are?

Question 117 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve simultaneously: 4x − y + 8 = 0 and y 2

= 4 − x

Question 118 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve simultaneously: x + y = 2 and x 2

+ y
2
= 2

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Simultaneous equations FURTHER ALGEBRA - 75

Question 119 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve simultaneously: y = x + 9 and y = x

2
− x − 6

Question 120 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve simultaneously: 3x + y = 11 and 2x 2

− xy − y = 10

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Simultaneous equations FURTHER ALGEBRA - 76

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 Chapter 5

Vectors in the Plane

Topics covered
Introduction to vectors 5.1
Components of vectors 5.2
Polar form of a vector 5.3
Scalar product of vectors 5.4
Vector projections 5.5
Applications of vectors - displacement and velocity 5.6
Applications of vectors - relative velocity 5.7
Applications of vectors - forces and equilibrium 5.8

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

 Introduction to vectors VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 78

Question 121 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

−
−
−→ → →
In ΔPQR , QR = p , RP = q and PQ = r . Which of
the following is true ?

A p + q + r = 0 B p + q − r = 0 C p − q + r = 0 D p − q − r = 0

Question 122 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

−
−→ →
ABCD is a parallelogram. AB , ,
= b AD = d BE = EC .
−→
The Vector AE is equal to?

Question 123 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

−
−→ →
In ΔABC , AB = b, BC = c and AD = DB . Which of
the following is true ?

−
−
−
−→ → → →
A B C D
1 1 1 1
CD = b − c DC = b − c DC = b + c CD = b + c
2 2 2 2

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

 Introduction to vectors VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 79

Question 124 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

−
−
−→ → →
In ΔABC , AB = b, BC = c , AC = a and BM = MC . Which
of the following is true ?

−
−→ → 1
A B
1
AM = (a + b + c) AM = (a + b + c)
2 3

−
−→ 1 → 1
AM = (a + c) C
AM = (a + b) D
2 2

Question 125 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

−
−
−→ → →
ABCD is a parallelogram. AB ,
= a AD = b . The Vector ED is
equal to ?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Introduction to vectors VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 80

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 Components of vectors VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 81

Question 126 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The magnitude of the vector a= 5i +3j is?

Question 127 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

−
−→ →
The position vectors of points A and B are OA i
= 4 +3 j and OB i
= −2 +9 j respectively.
−→
The vector AB = ?

Question 128 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Which of the following vectors is parallel to the vector a= 4i −3j and has a magnitude of 10?

A i
8 −6 j B i
8 +6 j C i
12 −9 j D i
−6 + 8 j

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

 Components of vectors VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 82

Question 129 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The unit vector in the direction of a= 3i −6j is?

1 3 1 1
A i
( −2 ) j B i j
( −2 ) C i j
( −2 ) D i j
( −2 )
3√ 5 √5 √5 5

Question 130 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

−
−
−→ → →
OABC is a parallelogram OA = 2 +3i j and OC i
= 5 − j. The Vector AB = ?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Components of vectors VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 83

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Polar form of a vector VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 84

Question 131 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Write each of the following vectors in component form

i) [4, 45 ∘
]

ii) [2, −120 ∘

]

Question 132 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Write each of the following vectors in polar form

i) 2i − 2j

ii) √3i − j

Question 133 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Write each of the following in polar form

1
i) [ ]
√3

−1
ii) [ ]
1

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Polar form of a vector VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 85

Question 134 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express each of the following vectors in polar form

i) 3u, where u ∘
= [5, 60 ]

ii) −2v, where v = [4, 30 ]

∘

Question 135 MARKS: I (3) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find [8, 30 ∘
] + [12, 90 ]
∘
in

i) Polar form

ii) Component form

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Polar form of a vector VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 86

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Scalar product of vectors VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 87

Question 136 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The scalar product a ∙ b of a= 4i +5j and b = i

−2 +3 j is?

Question 137 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

The Vectors a = 4i −6j and b = xi +2j are perpendicular, the value of x is?

Question 138 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Which vector is perpendicular to a = i

−3 +2 j with a magnitude of 5?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

 Scalar product of vectors VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 88

Question 139 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

The angle between a =i +4j and b = 4i +j is closest to?

Question 140 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

−
−
−→ → →
OABC is a square, OA = i +kj, OB = 4i+2j and OC i j. Given that the diagonals of a
= k −

square intersect at right angles then the value of k is?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Scalar product of vectors VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 89

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Vector projections VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 90

Question 141 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that a = 3i−j and b = 2i+3j then the scalar projection of a onto b is?

Question 142 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that a = 5i −j and b = i +2j then the vector projection of a onto b is?

Question 143 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that a = 4i −3j and b = 5i +12j then the scalar projection of b onto a is?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Vector projections VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 91

Question 144 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that a = 3i −2j and b = 4i +j then the vector projection of b onto a is?

Question 145 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that a = 4i −j and b = 2i +3j then the vector projection of a perpendicular to b is?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Vector projections VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 92

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Applications of vectors - displacement and velocity VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 93

Question 146 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the displacement vector in component form for a particle that moves from point A(2, 6)
to point B(3, −1)

Question 147 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Give the corresponding speed for each of the following velocity vectors

i) 4i + 3j m/s

ii) −i + 3j m/s

Question 148 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

−→
A particle starts from a point A with position vector OA = −2i + 3j and moves with a
constant velocity of 3i + 4j m/s. Find the position vector a er 3 seconds.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

 Applications of vectors - displacement and velocity VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 94

Question 149 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A particle takes 4 seconds to move with a constant velocity from point P to point Q, where
−
−→ →
OP = 4i + 3j and OQ = −6i + 7j . Find the velocity of the particle.

Question 150 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Particle P starts moving from point O with a constant velocity of V = 6i + 8j m/s. Two
p

seconds later, particle Q starts from O and moves in the same direction as P with a constant
speed of 12m/s. When and where will Q catch up to P ?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Applications of vectors - displacement and velocity VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 95

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Applications of vectors - relative velocity VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 96

Question 151 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A river is flowing north at 6 km/h. Bertie can swim at 2.5 km/h in still water. He dives in from
the east bank and swims to the opposite bank.

i) In which direction does he travel

ii) What is his actual speed?

Question 152 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

A plane is heading due south, its air speed is 480 km/h and there is a 140 km/h wind blowing
from east to west.

What is the velocity of the plane relative to the earth?

Question 153 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Two particles, A and B, are moving with constant velocities of v A = i + 2j m/s and
vB= 4i + 5j m/s respectively.

i) Find the velocity of B relative to A

ii) Find the magnitude of the relative velocity.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Applications of vectors - relative velocity VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 97

Question 154 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

A light plane has an air speed of 200 km/h. The pilot sets a course due south. If the wind is
blowing from the south-west at 50 km/h, what is the true speed and direction of the plane?

Question 155 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A rower can row at 3 m/s in still water. She wishes to go straight across the river so that her
path is at right angles to the banks of the river. The river is flowing at 2 m/s

i) Find the direction in which she must row.

ii) If the river is 100 m wide, how long will it take her to cross the river?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Applications of vectors - relative velocity VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 98

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Applications of vectors - forces and equilibrium VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 99

Question 156 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A mass of 10kg is suspended from two strings of length 8cm

and 6cm. The ends of the strings being attached to two points
in a horizontal line 12cm apart. Find the tension in each
string.

Question 157 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A body of mass 85kg is placed on a smooth inclined plane

which rises 8cm vertically for every 15cm horizontally. A
string is attached to a point further up the plane which
prevents the body from moving. Find the tension in the
string and the magnitude of the force extended on the
body by the plane.

Question 158 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A body of mass 12kg rests on a smooth inclined plane of

angle 30 under the action of a horizontal force. Find the
∘

magnitude of the force and the reaction of the plane on

the body.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Applications of vectors - forces and equilibrium VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 100

Question 159 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A body of mass 12 kg rests on a smooth inclined plane of

angle 30 Find the force that will keep it in the
∘

equilibrium when it acts at an angle of 60 with the

∘

horizontal.

Question 160 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A force of 15kg wt acting directly up a smooth plane that

is inclined at an angle of 20 maintains a body in
∘

equilibrium on the plane. Calculate the weight of the

body.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Applications of vectors - forces and equilibrium VECTORS IN THE PLANE - 101

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 Chapter 6

Principles of counting
Topics covered
6.1 Basic counting methods
6.2 Factorial notation and permutations
6.3 Permutations with restrictions
6.4 Permutations of like objects
6.5 Combinations
6.6 Combinations with restrictions
6.7 Pascals triangle
6.8 The pigeonhole principle
6.9 The inclusion-exclusion principle
6.10 Applications to probability

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Basic counting methods PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 103

Question 161 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A man has 4 pairs of shoes, 3 pairs of pants and 5 shirts. How many di erent sets of shoes,
pants and shirts can he wear?

Question 162 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

There are 6 roads from town A to town B and 4 roads from town B to town C. In how many
di erent ways can you travel by road from A to B to C?

Question 163 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

How many (i) odd (ii) even 4 digit numbers can be made from the digits 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 if none of
the digits are repeated?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Basic counting methods PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 104

Question 164 MARKS: I (1) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Three swimmers compete in a race. How many ways can the swimmers complete the race
assuming

i) There are no tied places

ii) The swimmers can tie places

Question 165 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A bag contains two yellow, one blue and two white marbles. Two marbles are removed from
the bag and placed in a row. How many di erent types of arrangements are there?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Basic counting methods PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 105

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Factorial notation and permutations PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 106

Question 166 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

How many arrangements of the letters of the word OLYMPIC are possible?

Question 167 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

In how many ways can the letters A, B, C, D, E, F be arranged in a row of three?

Question 168 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

How many 3 digit numbers can be formed from five numbers 1 to 5 if each is only used once?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Factorial notation and permutations PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 107

Question 169 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

8
Pr = 1680 r =? ,

Question 170 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find n, given that 2n+1

Pn+1 = 7 ×
2n
Pn

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Factorial notation and permutations PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 108

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Permutations with restrictions PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 109

Question 171 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

How many ways can 5 girls and 4 boys be arranged in a line so that the girls are always
together?

Question 172 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In how many ways can three girls and two boys be arranged in a row, so that:

i) the boys are always together

ii) the girls and boys occupy alternate positions?

Question 173 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In a train, 3 seats face the front of the train and 3 seats face the back. In how many ways can 6
people be seated if two of them insist of facing the front of the train?

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Permutations with restrictions PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 110

Question 174 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Harry and Jack and four other people go through a doorway one at a time.

i) In how many ways can the six people go through the doorway if Jack goes through the
doorway a er Harry with no-one in between?

ii) Find the number of ways in which the six people can go through the doorway if Jack goes
through the doorway a er Harry.

Question 175 MARKS: I (1) II (2) III (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Eight people are to from two queues of four. In how many ways can this be done if:

i) there are no restrictions?

ii) Bertie will only stand in the right hand queue?

iii) Milly, Molly and Mandy stand in the same queue?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Permutations with restrictions PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 111

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Permutations of like objects PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 112

Question 176 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

In how many ways can the letters of the word READER be arranged?

Question 177 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

In how many ways can 4 red counters, 3 blue counters and 2 green counters be arranged?

Question 178 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

In Morse code, how many arrangements of 3 dots and 2 dashes are there?

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Permutations of like objects PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 113

Question 179 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In how many arrangements of the letters CENTRE can be made if the E's are separated?

Question 180 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

How many 7 letter words can be formed from the word PARABOLA?

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Permutations of like objects PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 114

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Combinations PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 115

Question 181 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

How many ways can a team of 5 basketball players be selected from a group of 10?

Question 182 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

5 points lie on a circle. How many triangles can be made by using these points?

Question 183 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

At a party, every person shakes hands with every other person. Altogether, there are 66
handshakes. How many people are at the party?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Combinations PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 116

Question 184 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use the formula n

Cr to prove that
n n−1 n−1
Cr = Cr−1 + Cr

Question 185 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given n
C5 =
n
C3 , find n.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Combinations PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 117

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Combinations with restrictions PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 118

Question 186 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

There are 5 green, 4 blue and 2 red balls in a bag. In how many ways can 3 balls of the same
colour be drawn?

Question 187 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

On an examination paper, there are 6 calculus questions and 4 geometry questions. In how
many ways can 6 questions be chosen if exactly 4 calculus questions are chosen?

Question 188 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A team of 4 is to be chosen from 5 boys and 6 girls. How many teams are possible if 2 girls are
excluded?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Combinations with restrictions PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 119

Question 189 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

From the seven colours of the spectrum, four are to be selected.

i) How many di erent selections can be made?

ii) How many di erent selections can be made if the selection must not include red and blue?

Question 190 MARKS: I (2) II (2) III (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

From a group of nine people five are selected.

How many di erent groups of five may be selected so as to:

i) not include the youngest and the oldest

ii) include the youngest and the oldest

iii) include the youngest or oldest but not both?

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Combinations with restrictions PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 120

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Pascals triangle PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 121

Question 191 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Evaluate 8
C4 , 7
C3 and 7
C4 and verify that
8 7 7
C4 = C3 + C4

Question 192 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Write down the n = 5 row of Pascal's triangle. Use your answer to write down the values of
C and C .
5 5
3 4

Question 193 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Show that
4 4 4 4 4 4
2 = C0 + C1 + C2 + C3 + C4

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Pascals triangle PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 122

Question 194 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

How many subsets of {A, B, C, D, E, F , G} have at least 1 element?

Question 195 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

You have one $5 note, one $10 note and one $20 note, one $50 note and one $100 note. How
many di erent sums of money can you make assuming that at least two notes are used?

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Pascals triangle PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 123

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The pigeonhole principle PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 124

Question 196 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

There are three pairs of socks in a drawer, coloured black, red and blue. They are not paired
up. How many socks must be selected from the draw to be sure that you have a pair of the
same colour?

Question 197 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that there are 10 pigeons sitting in three pigeons holes, then at least one pigeon hole
must contain at least n pigeons. Determine the value of n.

Question 198 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A restaurant has 21 tables. How many customers are required so that at least one of the 21
tables has at least 7 customers?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The pigeonhole principle PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 125

Question 199 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A standard pack of 52 cards consists of 13 cards of the four suits: spades, hearts, clubs and
diamonds. How many cards must be selected to make sure that you have two of the same
suit?

Question 200 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that there are 1000 students at a particular school determine the least number of
students that must share the same birthday.

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The pigeonhole principle PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 126

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The inclusion-exclusion principle PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 127

Question 201 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

Find A ∪ B

Question 202 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

|A| = 10, |B| = 16, |C| = 14

|A ∩ B| = 4, |A ∩ C| = 3, |B ∩ C| = 6 and |A ∩ B ∩ C| = 1

Find |A ∪ B ∪ C|

Question 203 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

How many integers from 1 to 72 are

i) Divisible by 2 or 3

ii) Not divisible by 2 or 3

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The inclusion-exclusion principle PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 128

Question 204 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A hand of five cards is dealt from a pack of 52 cards. How many hands contain exactly one
spade or exactly two clubs?

Question 205 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

How many integers from 1 to 210 inclusive are multiples of 2, 3 or 7?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The inclusion-exclusion principle PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 129

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Applications to probability PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 130

Question 206 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A bag contains 6 red balls and 4 white balls. Three balls are withdrawn without replacement.
The probability of drawing at least two red balls is?

Question 207 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

10 players of a basketball team are randomly placed in a row. What is the probability that the
tallest and shortest will be together?

Question 208 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Two pieces of fruit are drawn from a bag containing 5 apples and 6 pears. What is the
probability of drawing an apple and a pear?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Applications to probability PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 131

Question 209 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A council consists of 6 men and 4 women, from whom a committee of 5 members is chosen at
random. If there must be at least one man on the committee, what is the probability that the
women have a majority on the committee?

Question 210 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A bag contains 8 black marbles and 8 white marbles. 4 marbles are selected at random
without replacement.

i) Calculate the probability that exactly two of the selected marbles are black. Give your
answer correct to two decimal places.

ii) Hence or otherwise, calculate the probability that more than two of the selected marbles
are black.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Applications to probability PRINCIPLES OF COUNTING - 132

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 Chapter 7

Number and Proof

Topics covered
Direct proof 7.1
Proof by contrapositive 7.2
Proof by contradiction 7.3
Equivalent statements 7.4
Disproving statements 7.5
Mathematical induction 7.6

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Direct proof NUMBER AND PROOF - 134

Question 211 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use direct proof to prove that the sum of any two odd integers is even.

Question 212 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use direct proof to prove that if n is divisible by 7 then n is divisible by 7.

2

Question 213 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove that a three-digit number is divisible by 9 if and only if the sum of its digits is divisible by
9

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Direct proof NUMBER AND PROOF - 135

Question 214 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove that:

2 2 2
a + b a + b
> ( )
2 2

Question 215 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that x 2 2
+ y
2
+ z ≥ xy + xz + yz and x > 0, y > 0 and z > 0

Prove that (x + y + z) 2
≥ 3(xy + yz + zx)

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Direct proof NUMBER AND PROOF - 136

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Proof by contrapositive NUMBER AND PROOF - 137

Question 216 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use a contrapositive proof to prove that if n be an integer and n is even then n 3

+ 5 is odd.

Question 217 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use a contraposition proof to prove that if √x is irrational then x is irrational.

Question 218 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use a contrapositive proof to prove that:

Given that n is an integer, if 3n + 2 is even, then n is even.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Proof by contrapositive NUMBER AND PROOF - 138

Question 219 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Use a contrapositive proof to prove that if x is irrational then is irrational.
x

Question 220 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use a contrapositive proof to prove that if 5n + 3 is odd then n is even.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Proof by contrapositive NUMBER AND PROOF - 139

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Proof by contradiction NUMBER AND PROOF - 140

Question 221 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use proof by contradiction to prove that if 3n + 5 is o then n is even.

Question 222 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use proof by contradiction to prove that √3 is irrational

Question 223 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove by contradiction that

2 2
x + y ≥ 2xy

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Proof by contradiction NUMBER AND PROOF - 141

Question 224 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use proof by contradiction to prove that the sum of a rational number and irrational number is
irrational.

Question 225 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use proof by contradiction to prove that there are no integers p and q such that 6p + 2q = 1

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Proof by contradiction NUMBER AND PROOF - 142

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Equivalent statements NUMBER AND PROOF - 143

Question 226 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove by logical equivalence:

Let n be a positive integer. n − 3 is odd if and only if n + 2 is even.

Question 227 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove by logical equivalence:

Let n be a positive integer. n is even if and only if 13n + 4 is even.

Question 228 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove by logical equivalence that if n is a positive integer: then n + 7 is even if and only if
n + 4 is odd.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Equivalent statements NUMBER AND PROOF - 144

Question 229 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove by logical equivalence:

Let n be a positive integer. n is odd if and only if 7n + 6 is odd.

Question 230 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove by logical equivalence:

Given that m and n are integers then m − n is even if and only if m3 − n3 is even.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Equivalent statements NUMBER AND PROOF - 145

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Disproving statements NUMBER AND PROOF - 146

Question 231 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find a counter example to disprove this statement:

There exists n ∈ N such that n

2
+ 9n + 20 is a prime number.

Question 232 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Provide a counter example to disprove the statement:

If p is irrational and q is irrational then pq is irrational.

Question 233 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Show this statement is false.

There exists real numbers p and q such that p 2

− 2pq + q
2
< 0

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Disproving statements NUMBER AND PROOF - 147

Question 234 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Show this statement is false.

There exists some real number such that x 2

+ 4x + 5 = 0

Question 235 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove that if p − q is divisible by 5 then p 2

− q
2
is divisible by 5

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Disproving statements NUMBER AND PROOF - 148

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Mathematical induction NUMBER AND PROOF - 149

Question 236 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

To prove by mathematical induction that

a + (a + d) + (a + 2d)+. . . . +(a + (n − 1)d) =
n

2
(2a + (n − 1)d) it is assumed that
(2a + (k − 1)d) . Then it must be
k
a + (a + d) + (a + 2d)+. . . . +(a + (k − 1)d) =
2

proved that k

2
(2a + (k − 1)d) + (a + kd) =

Question 237 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 2

To prove by mathematical induction that 1 it is assumed

3 3 3 3 n (n+1)
+ 2 + 3 +. . . . . . +n =
4
2 2

that 1 and then it is required to show that

3 3 3 3 k (k+1)
+ 2 + 3 +. . . . . . +k =
4
2 2
k (k+1) 3
+ (k + 1) =
4

Question 238 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

To prove by mathematical induction that 5 +3 is divisible by 4 it is first assumed that

n

5 + 3 = 4J (where J is an integer). Then it must be proved that 5 + 3 = 4J (where J

k k+1 ′ ′

is an integer). Finally it is required to show that J' =

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Mathematical induction NUMBER AND PROOF - 150

Question 239 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

To prove by mathematical induction that 7 +3 is divisible by 4 it is first assumed that

n+1 n

+ 3 = 4J (where J is an integer). Then it must be proved that 7

k+1 k k+2 k+1 ′
7 + 3 = 4J

(where J' is an integer). Finally it is required to show that J' =

Question 240 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove by mathematical induction that for n ≥ 1

1 1 1 1
1 + + + ⋯ + ≤ 2 −
2 2 2
2 3 n n

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Mathematical induction NUMBER AND PROOF - 151

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 Chapter 8

Geometry in the plane and

proof
Topics covered
8.1 Points, lines and angles
8.2 Triangles and polygons
8.3 Congruence and proofs
8.4 Pythagoras theorem
8.5 Ratios
8.6 Introduction to similarity
8.7 Proofs involving similarity
8.8 Areas, volumes and similarity
8.9 Geometric proofs using vectors
8.10 The golden ratio

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Points, lines and angles GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 153

Question 241 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

ABC is a straight line and EB bisects angle DBF . What

is ∠EBC?

Question 242 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the pronumerals marked in the following diagram

Question 243 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the diagram, AB||DE, ∠ABC = 46 , ∘

∠CDE = 42 . Find the size of ∠BCD

∘

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Points, lines and angles GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 154

Question 244 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the diagram, F D||GE, , ∠ABC and

∘ ∘
∠ADF = 30 = 70

∠GEC = θ. Find θ

Question 245 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove that the opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Points, lines and angles GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 155

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Triangles and polygons GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 156

Question 246 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The sides of an equilateral triangle are 8 − 2x, x + 2 and 3x − 2. Find the value of x and
confirm that the triangle is equilateral.

Question 247 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove that the sum of the angles of a triangle equal 180 ∘

Question 248 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of b

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Triangles and polygons GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 157

Question 249 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

If the sum of the interior angles of a polygon is three times the sum of the exterior angles, how
many sides does the polygon have?

Question 250 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the number of sides of a regular polygon if each exterior angle is 45∘

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Triangles and polygons GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 158

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Congruence and proofs GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 159

Question 251 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

PQ is parallel to RS , ∠QP T = 40
∘
, ∠QT S ∘
= 110 . Find, giving
reasons, the size of ∠T RS .

Question 252 MARKS: I (2) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

ABCD is a parallelogram. AE = CF .

i) Prove that △ABE ≡ △CDF .

ii) Hence prove that BF DE is a parallelogram.

Question 253 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

ABCD is a parallelogram, AX = YC .

i) Prove that XD = Y B.
ii) Prove that XBY D is a parallelogram.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Congruence and proofs GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 160

Question 254 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the figure ABED is a parallelogram.

BC = BE , AD = DF .

i) Prove that △F DE ≡ △EBC .

ii) Hence prove that ABED is a rhombus.

Question 255 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the diagram ABCD is a square and AEB is an equilateral

triangle. The line EF bisects ∠AEB and ∠EAF = ∠DAF .

i) Show that ∠BAF = 15

∘
.
ii) Prove that DA = DF .

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Congruence and proofs GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 161

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Pythagoras theorem GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 162

Question 256 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the perimeter of a rectangle whose length is 100 m

and the diagonal is 125 m.

Question 257 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Prove that a triangle with sides n

2
+ 1, 2n and n
2
− 1 (n > 0) is a right-angled triangle.

Question 258 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the vales of x and y

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Pythagoras theorem GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 163

Question 259 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

ΔABC is an equilateral triangle with sides of length

10cm. Find the exact area of the triangle.

Question 260 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

In DeltaP RQ, ∠P RQ = 90
∘
. ∠P N R ∘
= 90 , RQ = a units

and P R = a units.

ab
Prove that RN =
2
√a 2
+ b

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Pythagoras theorem GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 164

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Ratios GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 165

Question 261 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In a particular school the ratio of boys to girls is 5 : 7 . If the total student population is 756,
then the number of girls is?

Question 262 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Three sides of a triangle in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5 . If the longest side of the triangle is 11.5cm then
the perimeter of the triangle is?

Question 263 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

There are a total of 68 balls. The ratio of the number of blue balls to red balls is 1 : 2. The ratio
of the number of red balls to green balls is 3 : 4. How many green balls are there?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Ratios GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 166

Question 264 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

x − y p − q x p
Show that if = then =
x + y p + q y q

Question 265 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

60 ml of a mixture of water and chlorine contains 10% of chlorine. How much water must be
added to reduce the chlorine to 3% of the mixture?

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Ratios GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 167

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Introduction to similarity GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 168

Question 266 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In ΔABC : AB = 12, ∠BAC = 90

∘
.

In
∘
ΔDEC : ED = 8, EC = 15, ∠EDA = 90 , BE = x

. Find x

Question 267 MARKS: I (1) II (1) III (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

In
∘
ΔP QR : P Q = 8, P R = b, QC = c, ∠P QR = 90

In
ΔT SR : T S = 3, SR = 4, T R = a, ∠RST = 90
∘
.
Find

i) a

ii) b

iii) c

Question 268 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

A woman who is 1.5 m tall casts a shadow of 0.75 m in length. If, at the same time, a pole casts
a 3.5 m shadow, find the height of the pole.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Introduction to similarity GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 169

Question 269 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In ΔACB, .
∘
AB = 5, AC = 13, ∠ABC = 90

In ΔABD, AB = 5, AD = x, ∠ADB = 90
∘
. Find
x

Question 270 MARKS: I (1) II (2) III (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In ΔABC .
∘
: AB = 5, BC = z, ∠ABC = 90

In
∘
ΔADB : AD = 3, AB = 5, BD = x, ∠ADB = 90

In
∘
ΔBCD : BD = x, DC = y, BC = z, ∠BDC = 90

. Find

i) x

ii) y

iii) z

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Introduction to similarity GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 170

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Proofs involving similarity GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 171

Question 271 MARKS: I (3) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

The diagram shows the ΔP QR. ST is parallel to QR.

P T = 6, T R = 4 and P Q = 12

i) Prove that ΔP ST is similar to ΔP QR

ii) Find the length of SQ

Question 272 MARKS: I (2) II (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

ABCD is a parallelogram. The point X is the midpoint

of AD. The line BX meets AC in Y .

i) Prove that ΔAXY is similar to ΔCBY

ii) Show that 3AY = AC

Question 273 MARKS: I (2) II (2) III (2) IV (1) V (1) ANSWER 
􏂎

ABCD is a parallelogram. E is the midpoint of AB. DA

and CE are produced to meet at P . DE and CB are
produced to meet at Q.

i) Prove that ΔDP C is similar to ΔAP E

ii) Show that AD = AP
iii) Similarily show that CB = BQ
iv) Prove tat P QBA is a parallelogram
v) Show that P Q = DC

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Proofs involving similarity GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 172

Question 274 MARKS: I (3) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

In ΔABC , AD , , ,
= 3.5 DC = 4 ED = 7 BE = 1 and
EC = 5 units.

i) Prove that ΔCDE is similar to ΔCBA

ii) Find the length of AB

Question 275 MARKS: I (3) II (2) III (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In ΔABC , ∠CAB = 90 , CD = 4 and DB=9\) units. In

∘

ΔADB, ∠ADB = 90 and AD = h inits.

∘

i) Prove that ΔADC is similar to ΔBDA.

ii) Find h, giving reasons.

iii) Find the exact length of AC

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Proofs involving similarity GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 173

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Areas, volumes and similarity GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 174

Question 276 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The areas of two similar triangles are 9cm and 36cm . What is the ratios of a pair of
2 2

corresponding sides?

Question 277 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The areas of two similar triangles are 169cm and 256cm . If the height of the smaller
2 2

triangle is 26cm, what is the height of the larger triangle?

Question 278 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The radii of two spheres are in the ration 3 : 5 . What is the ratio of their volumes?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Areas, volumes and similarity GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 175

Question 279 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Two similar right cones have volumes in the ratio 8 : 27 . What is the height of the smaller cone
if the height of the larger cone is 9cm?

Question 280 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The surface area of two spheres are in the ratio 25 : 36 . If the volume of the smaller sphere is
62.5cm , what is the volume of the large sphere?
3

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Areas, volumes and similarity GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 176

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−
−
−
−

−
−

−
→
OC =

→
→
1

2
→
OB
→
AD =
1

4
→
Given that
AB

i) OC and OD

ii) Hence find

∣
Geometric proofs using vectors

Question 281 MARKS: I (3) II (2)

Question 282 MARKS (3)

In ΔABC,

Prove that P Q
CD

AP = P B and CQ = QB

Question 283 MARKS (3)

ABCD
=
1

2
AC
and

.
, find

is a parallelogram. Prove that the sum of the

squares of the diagonals is equal to the sum of the
squares of the sides.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 177

The position vectors of two points A and B relative to an origin O are 2i + 4j and 4i − 2j
respectively.
ANSWER 
􏂎

ANSWER 
􏂎

ANSWER 
􏂎
Geometric proofs using vectors GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 178

Question 284 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

OABC is a parallelogram. The diagonals OB and AC

intersect at P . Prove that the diagonals bisect each
other.

Question 285 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

ABCD is a quadrilateral. P , Q, R, S are the

midpoints of the corresponding sides as indicated on the
diagram. Prove that P QRS is a parallelogram.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Geometric proofs using vectors GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 179

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The golden ratio GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 180

Question 286 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

a a + b
Given that the golden ratio ϕ = = , find the exact value of ϕ
b a

Question 287 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

√5 + 1
Given that ϕ = , show that
2

1
i) ϕ = 1 +
ϕ

1
ii) Hence or otherwise, evaluate ϕ2 +
2
ϕ

Question 288 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

√5 + 1
Given ϕ = , show that
2

3 2
ϕ = ϕ + ϕ

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The golden ratio GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 181

Question 289 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In
∘
ΔABC, AD = DB = BC = 1 and ∠ACB = 72 , DC = x

i) Prove that AB = AC

√5 + 1
ii) Prove that AB = ϕ (where ϕ = )
2

Question 290 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In ΔABC, AD = DB = BC = 1, ∠ACB = 72 , DC = x
∘

1
Given that ϕ = 1 + x , show that ϕ = 1 +
∘
sec36
2

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The golden ratio GEOMETRY IN THE PLANE AND PROOF - 182

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 Chapter 9

Circle Geometry
Topics covered
Angle properties of circles 9.1
Tangents 9.2
Chords in circles 9.3

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Angle properties of circles CIRCLE GEOMETRY - 184

Question 291 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of x and θ

Question 292 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of x and θ.

Question 293 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of x and y

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Angle properties of circles CIRCLE GEOMETRY - 185

Question 294 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of x

Question 295 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

P QRM is a parallelogram with P Q = PN , prove that

i) P RN M is cyclic.

ii) ∠P RM = ∠P N M

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Angle properties of circles CIRCLE GEOMETRY - 186

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Tangents CIRCLE GEOMETRY - 187

Question 296 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of x

Question 297 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of x and y

Question 298 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of x

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Tangents CIRCLE GEOMETRY - 188

Question 299 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

A, B, C are three points on a circle. The tangent at point A

meets BC at point P , ∠AP C = 37 and ∠CAP = 45
∘ ∘

Find ∠BOC

Question 300 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the diagram, CD is the diameter of the circle, centre O, and CR is a tangent to the circle at
C . The line DBT intersects the circle at B and CR at T . The tangent to the circle at B

intersects CR at A and ∠BCA = θ. Prove that

π
i) ∠ABT = − θ
2

ii) AC = AT

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Tangents CIRCLE GEOMETRY - 189

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Chords in circles CIRCLE GEOMETRY - 190

Question 301 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

If AP = 2 cm, BP = 6 cm and CP = 3 cm, find the length of PD.

Question 302 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the length of BC

Question 303 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of k

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Chords in circles CIRCLE GEOMETRY - 191

Question 304 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the value of k

Question 305 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Two circles intersect at points P and Q. From the point R on P Q,

tangents RS and RT are drawn to the circles.

Prove that RS = RT

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Chords in circles CIRCLE GEOMETRY - 192

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 Chapter 10

Graphing techniques
Topics covered
The modulus function 10.1
Reciprocals of polynomial functions 10.2
Rational functions 10.3
Graphing rational functions using calculus 10.4

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

The modulus function GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 194

Question 306 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

The solutions to |2x − 1| < 3 are?

Question 307 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve the inequality |x − 2| ≤ 4 .

Question 308 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use the graph of f (x) = 1 − x to sketch the graph of

y = |1 − x|.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The modulus function GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 195

Question 309 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use the graph of f (x) = log2x to sketch the graph of

y = |log x|. 2

Question 310 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use the graph of f (x) = 2

x
− 1 to sketch the graph of
y = |2 − 1|.
x

Question 311 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve the inequality |3 − x| < 5 .

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The modulus function GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 196

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Reciprocals of polynomial functions GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 197

Question 312 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Given that f (x) = x
2
then g(x) = is?
f (x)

A B C D

Question 313 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Given that f (x) = x − 1 then g(x) = is?
f (x)

A B C D

Question 314 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Given that f (x) = x
2
− 1 then g(x) = is?
f (x)

A B C D

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Reciprocals of polynomial functions GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 198

Question 315 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use the graph of f (x) = 1 − x

2
to sketch the graph of
1
y = .
f (x)

Question 316 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Use the graph of f (x) = 1 − x to sketch the graph of

1
y =
f (x)

Question 317 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Given that f (x) = (x + 1)
2
then g(x) = is?
f (x)

A B C D

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Reciprocals of polynomial functions GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 199

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Rational functions GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 200

Question 318 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

For each of the following, give equations of the asymptotes of the graph y = f (x)

x + 5
i) f (x) =
x − 2

x
ii) f (x) =
2
x + 1

Question 319 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

x + 1
Sketch the graph of f (x) = .
x − 1

Show all asymptotes and axis intercepts

Question 320 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

2
x + 1
Sketch the graph of f (x) = .
x

Show all asymptotes and axis intercepts

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Rational functions GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 201

Question 321 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Sketch the graph of f (x) = 2x − .
x

Show all asymptotes and axis intercepts

Question 322 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

9
Let f (x) = x − 2 + .
x

Show that f (x) ≥ 4 for all x > 0

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Rational functions GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 202

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Graphing rational functions using calculus GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 203Question

Question 323 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎
Sketch

4
Sketch the graph of y = x − 4 + . Show a
x
turning
Show all intercepts, asymptotes and
turning points.

Question 324 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

2
(x + 1)
Sketch the graph of y = .
x

Show all intercepts, asymptotes and

turning points.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Graphing rational functions using calculus GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 204

Question 326 MARKS (6) ANSWER 

􏂎

2
x + 3
Sketch the graph of y = .
x + 1

Show all intercepts, asymptotes and

turning points.

Question 327 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

3 2
2x + x − 1
Sketch the graph of y =
2
x
.

Show asymptotes and turning points.

Note: There is no need to find the x-

intercept

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Graphing rational functions using calculus GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 205

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 Chapter 11

Trigonometric functions
Topics covered
11.1 Defining the trigonometric functions
11.2 Symmetry properties and the Pythagorean identity
11.3 Solution of equations involving sine and cosine
11.4 Transformations of the graphs of sine and cosine
11.5 The tangent function
11.6 General solution of trigonometric equations
11.7 Reciprocals of trigonometric functions
11.8 Graphing the reciprocal trigonometric functions
11.9 Applications of trigonometric functions

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Defining the trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 207

Question 328 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express 135 in radians

∘

Question 329 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express −240 in radians.

∘

Question 330 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

7π
Express radians in degrees.
6

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Defining the trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 208

Question 331 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

5π
Express radians in degrees
3

Question 332 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the exact values of

3π
i) sin ( )
2

ii) cos(−450 ∘
)

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Defining the trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 209

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Symmetry properties and the Pythagorean identity TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 210

Question 333 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Evaluate cos (− 17π

3
)

Question 334 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

If cos x = 0.4 , find the value of sin ( π

2
+ 2x)

Question 335 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given sin x = 0.2 and cos y = 0.4 , find the value of

π
i) cos( + x)
2

3π
ii) sin( − y)
2

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Symmetry properties and the Pythagorean identity TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 211

Question 336 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

3π
If cos x = 0.5 and < x < 2π , find sin x and tan x
2

Question 337 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

√2 3π
If sin x = − and π < x < , find cos x and tan x
2 2

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Symmetry properties and the Pythagorean identity TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 212

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identity
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Solution of equations involving sine and cosine TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 213

Question 338 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Solve cos θ = − for θ
o o
∈ [θ , 360 ]
o

Question 339 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Solve sin x = − for x ∈ [−π, π]
√2

Question 340 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

√3
Solve sin 2θ = for θ ∈ [0, 2π]
2

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Solution of equations involving sine and cosine TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 214

Question 341 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Solve cos 2θ = for θ ∈ [−π, π]
√2

Question 342 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

π
Solve 2 cos(2(x + )) = 1 for x ∈ [0, 2π]
6

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Solution of equations involving sine and cosine TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 215

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Transformations of the graphs of sine and cosine TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 216

Question 343 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The correct equation for the adjacent function is?

π π π π
A y = 2 sin(x +
2
) B y = 3 sin(x +
2
) C y = 2 cos(x +
2
) D y = 3 cos(x +
2
)

Question 344 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The correct equation for the adjacent function is?

π π π π
A y = 2 cos(x +
2
) B y = 2 sin(x −
2
) C y = 2 sin(x +
2
) D y = 2 cos(x −
2
)

Question 345 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The correct equation for the adjacent function is?

π π π π
A y = −2 cos 2(x + 2
) B y = −2 sin 2(x + 2
) C y = 2 cos 2(x +
2
) D y = 2 sin 2(x +
2
)

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Transformations of the graphs of sine and cosine TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 217

Question 346 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The correct equation for the adjacent function is?

π π π
Ay = 2 sin(x + 2
) + 1 By = 2 cos(x + 2
) + 1 Cy = 2 sin(x + 2
) − 1

π
Dy = 2 cos(x + ) − 1
2

Question 347 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The correct equation for the adjacent function is?

π π
A y = 2 cos 2(x + ) + 1 B y = 2 cos 2(x − ) − 1
2 2

π π
C y = 2 sin 2(x + ) + 1 D y = 2 sin 2(x − ) − 1
2 2

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Transformations of the graphs of sine and cosine TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 218

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The tangent function TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 219

Question 348 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve tan x = −1, x ∈ (−π, π)

Question 349 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve tan 2x = 1, x ∈ (0, 2π)

Question 350 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve tan 2x =
1
, x ∈ (−π, π)
√3

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The tangent function TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 220

Question 351 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve tan 2 (x + π

3
) = √ 3, x ∈ (0, 2π)

Question 352 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve tan 1

2
(x +
π

4
) = 1, x ∈ (−π, π)

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

The tangent function TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 221

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General solution of trigonometric equations TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 222

Question 353 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

π
Find the general solution of tan (θ − ) = −√ 3
3

Question 354 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

π
Find the general solution of 2 cos (2x − ) = √3
3

Question 355 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

π
Find the general solution of 2 sin (θ − ) + 1 = 0
6

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

General solution of trigonometric equations TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 223

Question 356 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

π
Find the general solution of 2 cos (x + ) = 1
6

Question 357 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

π
Find the general solution of tan (2θ − ) + 1 = 0
4

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General solution of trigonometric equations TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 224

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Reciprocals of trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 225Question

Question 358 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎 Sketch
and y =

Sketch the graphs of y = sin x and

1
axes, ov
y = on the same set of axes,
sin x
over the interval −2π ≤ x ≤ 2π

Question 359 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

Sketch the graphs of y = cos x and

1
y = on the same set of axes,
cos x

over the interval −2π ≤ x ≤ 2π

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Reciprocals of trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 226

Question 361 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

Sketch the graphs of y = 1 − sin x and

1
y = on the same set of
1 − sin x

axes, over the interval −2π ≤ x ≤ 2π

Question 362 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

Sketch the graphs of y = cos

2
x and
1
y =
2
on the same set of axes,
cos x

over the interval −2π ≤ x ≤ 2π

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Reciprocals of trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 227

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Graphing the reciprocal trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 228Question 365

Question 363 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎 Sketch the g
y = 1 − sec

Sketch the graph of y = sec 2x over [0, 2π]

the interval [0, 2π]

Question 364 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

Sketch the graph of

π
y = cosec (x − ) over the interval
2
[0, 2π]

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Graphing the reciprocal trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 229

Question 366 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

π
Sketch the graph of y = cot(x − )
4
over the interval [0, 2π]

Question 367 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

Describe the sequence of

transformations that will take the graph
of y = 2cosecx to the graph of
π
y = −2cosec(x + ) . Sketch the
2

transformed graph over the interval

[−π, π]

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Graphing the reciprocal trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 230

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Applications of trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 231

Question 368 MARKS: I (2) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The depth, D(t) metres, of water at the

entrance of a habour at t hours a er
midnight on a particular day is given by
πt
D(t) = 8 + 3 sin ( ), 0 ≤ t ≤ 24
6

i) Sketch the graph of D(t) for

0 ≤ t ≤ 24

ii) Find the values of t for which

D(t) ≥ 9.5

Question 369 MARKS: I (1) II (1) III (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

The population of a species of termite varies with time. The population, P (t), at time t
π(t − 6)
months is given by P (t) = 4000 sin ( ) + 5000 .
6

For P (t), state:

i) the period

ii) the amplitude

iii) the range

Question 370 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A particle moves on a straight line OX and its distance x metres from O at time t seconds is
given by x = 6 + 2 sin 3t. At what time will the particle first reach its greatest distance from
O?

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Applications of trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 232

Question 371 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

πt
The temperature T ∘
C , in a city over a day is modelled by T = 12 − 4 cos ( ) where t is
12

the time in hours a er midnight, 0 ≤ t ≤ 24. At what times will the temperature be 10 ∘
C ?

Question 372 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

π
The formula h (t) = 3 cos ( t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 24 ,
6
represents the height, h(t) metres above the mean sea
level, where t is the number of hours a er midnight. A
boat can only cross the harbour when the tide is at least
1.5 metres above the sea-level. At what times can the

boat cross the harbour?

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Applications of trigonometric functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS - 233

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 Chapter 12

Trigonometric identities
Topics covered
12.1 Reciprocal trigonometric functions and the Pythagorean identity
12.2 Angle sum and di erence identities
12.3 Simplifying a cos x + b sin x
12.4 Sums and products of sines and cosines

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Reciprocal trigonometric functions and the Pythagorean identity TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 235

Question 373 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the exact value of sec (−300 ).

∘

Question 374 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the exact value of cot (−240 ).

∘

Question 375 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that cot θ = −

3

4
and π

2
< θ < π , find the value of sec θ.

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Reciprocal trigonometric functions and the Pythagorean identity TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 236

Question 376 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

cot θ cos θ
=
cot θ + cos θ

Question 377 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
=
sec θ + tan θ

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Reciprocal trigonometric functions and the Pythagorean identity TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 237

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Angle sum and di erence identities TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 238

Question 378 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the exact value of cos 15 .

∘

Question 379 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the exact value of tan 75 .

∘

Question 380 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

cos (A + B) cos (A − B) − sin (A + B) sin (A − B) =

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Angle sum and di erence identities TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 239

Question 381 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1 − cos 2θ
=
1 + cos 2θ

A cot θ B tan θ C 2
cot θ D 2
tan θ

Question 382 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

tan 2θ − tan θ
=
tan 2θ + cot θ

A 2
cot θ B 2
tan θ C 2
sec θ D cosec θ
2

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Angle sum and di erence identities TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 240

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Simplifying a cos x + b sin x TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 241

Question 383 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the domain, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π , solve cos θ + sin θ = 1

Question 384 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the domain, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π , solve cos θ + sin θ = 1

Question 385 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the domain, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π , solve cos θ + sin θ = 1

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Simplifying a cos x + b sin x TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 242

Question 386 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the domain, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π , solve cos θ + sin θ = 1

Question 387 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

In the domain, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π , solve cos θ + sin θ = 1

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Simplifying a cos x + b sin x TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 243

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Sums and products of sines and cosines TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 244

Question 388 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 sin 4θ cos 2θ =

Question 389 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

cos(2α + β) cos(2α − β) =

Question 390 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

sin 75
∘
− sin 15
∘
=

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Sums and products of sines and cosines TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 245

Question 391 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

cos 5A + cos 3A
=
sin 5A − sin 3A

Question 392 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express :

i) sin 70 in the form .

∘ ∘ 1
sin 30 (cos A − cos B)
2

ii) sin 70 ∘
+ sin 30
∘
in the form 2 sin A cos B.

Question 393 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

sin 75
∘
sin 45
∘
=

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Sums and products of sines and cosines TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES - 246

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 Chapter 13

Complex numbers
Topics covered
Starting to build the complex numbers 13.1
Multiplication and division of complex numbers 13.2
Argand diagrams 13.3
Solving equations over the complex numbers 13.4
Polar form of a complex number 13.5
De Moivres theorem 13.6

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Starting to build the complex numbers COMPLEX NUMBERS - 248

Question 394 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

State the value of Re(z) and I m(z) for

i) z = 2i

ii) z = −1 + i

Question 395 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the real values for a and b for 3a − 2bi = 6 + 8i

Question 396 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Simplify

i) (2 + 1) + (3 − 4i)

ii) (5 − i) − (2 − 3i)

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Starting to build the complex numbers COMPLEX NUMBERS - 249

Question 397 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Simplify

i) 3 × √−16

ii) i
5

Question 398 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Simplify

i) i(3 − i)

ii) i
2
(5 − 2i)

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Starting to build the complex numbers COMPLEX NUMBERS - 250

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 Multiplication and division of complex numbers COMPLEX NUMBERS - 251

Question 399 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Expand and simplify

i) (3 − 2i) 2

ii) (5 + 3i)(5 − 3i)

Question 400 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

If z 1 = 3 + i and z
2 = 2 − 3i find
–
i)
z1 + z2

–
–
ii)
z1 × z2

Question 401 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find real values of a and b such that

(a + bi)(3 + 4i) = −5 + 10i

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Multiplication and division of complex numbers COMPLEX NUMBERS - 252

Question 402 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express in the for x + iy

1
i)
2 − 3i

1 + 2i
ii)
1 − 2i

Question 403 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve (1 + i)z = 1 − i

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Multiplication and division of complex numbers COMPLEX NUMBERS - 253

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Argand diagrams COMPLEX NUMBERS - 254Question 406

Question 404 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎 Let z = 3 +
1

algebraically
z − z on t
Represent each complex number of the 1 2

Argand diagram

i) 2 + i

ii) −3 − i

Question 405 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Let z 1 = 1 + i and z = 2 − 3i. Find

2

z1 + z2 algebraically and illustrate

z1 + z2 on the Argand diagram.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Argand diagrams COMPLEX NUMBERS - 255

Question 407 MARKS: I (1) II (1) III (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

If z = 2 + 3i, represent the following

on the Argand Diagram

i) z

ii) –
z

iii) −z

Question 408 MARKS: I (1) II (1) III (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

If z = 3 − 2i , represent the following on the Argand Diagram

i) z

ii) iz

iii) i 2
z

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Argand diagrams COMPLEX NUMBERS - 256

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Solving equations over the complex numbers COMPLEX NUMBERS - 257

Question 409 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve over C
2
z + 9 = 0

Question 410 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve over C
2
5z + 20 = 0

Question 411 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve over C
2
(z − 2) + 8 = 0

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Solving equations over the complex numbers COMPLEX NUMBERS - 258

Question 412 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve over C
2
z − 4z + 20 = 0

Question 413 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Solve over C
2
2z + 3z + 2 = 0

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Solving equations over the complex numbers COMPLEX NUMBERS - 259

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Polar form of a complex number COMPLEX NUMBERS - 260

Question 414 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express the following in polar form

i) z = 1 + i

ii) z = 1 − √ 3i

Question 415 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express the following in the form x + iy

5π
i) 2cis( )
6

−π
ii) 4cis( )
4

Question 416 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

π π
Simplify 4cis( ) × 2cis( ) and express your answer in cartesian form.
3 6

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Polar form of a complex number COMPLEX NUMBERS - 261

Question 417 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

π
4cis
2
Simplify and express your answer in cartesian form.
−π
2cis( )
4

Question 418 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

−3π
√ 8cis( )
4
Simplify and express your answer in cartesian form.
−π
√ 2cis( )
12

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Polar form of a complex number COMPLEX NUMBERS - 262

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De Moivres theorem COMPLEX NUMBERS - 263

Question 419 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given that z 1
= 3 (cos (
π

3
) + i sin (
π

3
)) and z 2
= 3 (cos (
π

6
) + i sin (
π

6
)) then z 1
z2 = ?

Question 420 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

z1
Given that z 1 = 6 (cos (
π

3
) + i sin (
π

3
)) and z 2 = 3 (cos (
π

6
) + i sin (
π

6
)) then = ?
z2

Question 421 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

(1 + i√ 3) =

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

De Moivres theorem COMPLEX NUMBERS - 264

Question 422 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

6 6
(1 + i) − (1 − i) =

Question 423 MARKS: I (2) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

HSC 2016 - Question 12c (External Link) Show Question 

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De Moivres theorem COMPLEX NUMBERS - 265

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 Chapter 14

Matrices
Topics covered
14.1 Matrix notation
14.2 Addition, subtraction and multiplication by a real number
14.3 Multiplication of matrices
14.4 Identities, inverses and determinants for 2 x 2 matrices
14.5 Solution of simultaneous equations using matrices
14.6 Inverses and determinants for n x n matrices
14.7 Simultaneous linear equations with more than two variables

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Matrix notation MATRICES - 267

Question 424 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Write down the size of the following matrices.

a b a b c
i) [ ] ii) [ ]
c d d e f

Question 425 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

In matrix C , state the value of C 13 + C24

Question 426 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Students were asked which of three languages they

preferred to study and the results were recorded on
matrix L.
How many students preferred Latin?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Matrix notation MATRICES - 268

Question 427 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Students were asked which of three languages they

preferred to study and the results were recorded on
matrix L.
What information is given by L 23

A 12 in year 12 preferred German B 17 in year 11 preferred French

C 15 in year 12 preferred Latin D 16 in year 12 preferred French

Question 428 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the values of x and y so that the matrics A and B are equal.

2 y 4 −1
A = [ ], B = [ ]
3 1 x 5

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Matrix notation MATRICES - 269

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Addition, subtraction and multiplication by a real number MATRICES - 270

Question 429 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

4 3 3 7
If A = [ ] and B = [ ] , find A + B
2 −1 2 4

Question 430 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

4 3 3 9
If A = [ ] and B = [ ] , find A − B
6 −1 2 4

Question 431 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

3 4 1 0
Given A = [ ] and B = [ ] , find A − 2B
1 0 0 1

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Addition, subtraction and multiplication by a real number MATRICES - 271

Question 432 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

If A = [3 2 1] and B = [1 2 3] , then 2A + 3B =

Question 433 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Two maths tests (T , T ) were given to two students (S , S ). The

1 2 1 2

tests were out of 25 and are shown in the diagram. Convert M to a

matrix where the scores are out of 100.

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Addition, subtraction and multiplication by a real number MATRICES - 272

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 Given X

Given A

For A = [
=

= [

1
⎢⎥
Multiplication of matrices

Question 434 MARKS (1)

⎣
2

1
3

Question 435 MARKS (1)

Question 436 MARKS (1)

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

1

2
1

2
⎤

1
and Y

]
]

and B
= [

and B

=
=

⎣
2

1
]

⎣
, then XY

0
1

⎦
⎤

⎦
=

, find AB

, find AB.
MATRICES - 273

ANSWER 
􏂎

ANSWER 
􏂎

ANSWER 
􏂎
Multiplication of matrices MATRICES - 274

Question 437 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 −1
If A = [ ] , find A2
.
1 4

Question 438 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

1 2 4 2
If A = [ ] and B = [ ] , find AB and BA.
−1 3 1 −1

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Multiplication of matrices MATRICES - 275

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Identities, inverses and determinants for 2 x 2 matrices MATRICES - 276

Question 439 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

−2 1 0
If X = [ ] and I = [ ] , find XI and I X.
1 0 1

Question 440 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 3
Given A = [ ] find A −1
.
1 4

Question 441 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 1 1 4
Given A = [ ] , if AX = [ ] find X.
3 4 2 3

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Identities, inverses and determinants for 2 x 2 matrices MATRICES - 277

Question 442 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

4 2 4 6
Given A = [ ] and XA = [ ] , find X.
3 6 2 3

Question 443 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1 1
⎡ ⎤
n − 1 n
Let n be a natural number and let A =
1 1
⎣ ⎦
n n + 1

Show that all the entries of A −1

are integers.

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Identities, inverses and determinants for 2 x 2 matrices MATRICES - 278

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Solution of simultaneous equations using matrices MATRICES - 279

Question 444 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

2x + 3y = 13
Solve simultaneously
3x + 2y = 17

Question 445 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

4x − 3y = 1
Solve simultaneously
2x + 5y = 7

Question 446 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

7x + 2y = 20
Solve simultaneously
13x + 3y = 34

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Solution of simultaneous equations using matrices MATRICES - 280

Question 447 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A, B, C and X are 2 × 2 matrices and A is invertible. Solve the following for X

i) AX = B

ii) A(X + B) = C

Question 448 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

−2 −1 x
Let A = [ ] and X = [ ] .
1 1 y

2
Solve the system AX = [ ]
−1

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Solution of simultaneous equations using matrices MATRICES - 281

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Question 449 MARKS (2)

Find the determinant of

⎢⎥
Inverses and determinants for n x n matrices

Question 450 MARKS: I (1) II (1)

i) Find the determinant of M

Question 451 MARKS: I (2) II (1)

i) Find the determinant of N

8

1
1

=
⎡

⎣
2

p
⎤

3
P

1
⎤

ii) Find the value of P so that M does not have an inverse.

ii) Find the value of p so that N does not have an inverse.

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

in terms of P

in terms of p
MATRICES - 282

ANSWER 
􏂎

ANSWER 
􏂎

ANSWER 
􏂎
Question 452 MARKS (3)

Find the inverse of A

Question 453 MARKS (3)

Find the inverse of M

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=

⎢⎥
Inverses and determinants for n x n matrices

⎣
1

−1

2
3

0
4

5
⎤

−1

4
without a calculator

3
⎤

⎦
MATRICES - 283

ANSWER 
􏂎

ANSWER 
􏂎
Inverses and determinants for n x n matrices MATRICES - 284

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Simultaneous linear equations with more than two variables MATRICES - 285

Question 454 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

2x − 4y + z = 10

Solve x + 2y − z = 1

−x − 3y + 2z = 0

Question 455 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

2x + y + z = −2

Solve 2x − y + 3z = 6

3x − 5y + 4z = 7

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Simultaneous linear equations with more than two variables MATRICES - 286

Question 456 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

x + 3y − 3z = 12

Solve 3x − y + 4z = 0

−x + 2y − z = 1

Question 457 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

3y + 4z = 6

Solve 3x − 5z = 3

2x + 5y = 2

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Simultaneous linear equations with more than two variables MATRICES - 287

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 Chapter 15

Transformations of the plane

Topics covered
15.1 Linear transformations
15.2 Geometric transformations
15.3 Rotations and general reflections
15.4 Composition of transformations
15.5 Inverse transformations
15.6 Transformations of straight lines and other graphs
15.7 Area and determinant
15.8 General transformations

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Linear transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 289

Question 458 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the image of the point (3, −1) under the transformation with the rule:
(x, y) → (2x + y, x − y)

Question 459 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

−2 0
Find the image of the point (2, 3) under the linear transformation with matrix [ ]
0 1

Question 460 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

i) Find the matrix of the linear transformation that maps (1, 0) and (0, 1) to the point (2, 3)
and (4, 5) respectively.

ii) Hence, find the image of the point (−1, 5)

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Linear transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 290

Question 461 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find and sketch the image of the triangle with vertices

(1, 1), (1, 2) and (2, 1) under the linear transformation

0 2
represented by [ ]
2 0

Question 462 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the matrix that transforms the unit square to the

parallelogram on the diagram.

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Linear transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 291

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Geometric transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 292

Question 463 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the image of the point (2, 3) under each of the following transformations

i) A reflection in the x-axis

ii) A reflection in the y-axis

Question 464 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the image of the point (−2, 5) under each of the following transformations

i) A dilation of factor 3 from the y-axis

ii) A dilation of factor 3 from the x-axis

Question 465 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the image of the point (2, 1) under each of the following transformations

i) A shear of factor 3 parallel to the x-axis

ii) A shear of factor 3 parallel to the y-axis

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Geometric transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 293

Question 466 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the image of the point (−4, 3) under each of the following transformations

i) A projection onto the x-axis

ii) A projection onto the y-axis

Question 467 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the image of the point (−3, 2) for a translation of 2 units in the x direction and −3 units
in the y direction.

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Geometric transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 294

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Rotations and general reflections TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 295

Question 468 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the matrix for each of the following rotations about the origin

i) 60 anticlockwise
∘

ii) 225 clockwise

∘

Question 469 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the image of the point (1, 2) under a rotation about the origin by 60 clockwise.
∘

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Rotations and general reflections TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 296

Question 470 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the matrix that will reflect the point (x, y) in the line through the origin that make an
angle with the positive direction of the x-axis of 75∘

Question 471 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the image of (1, 1) when reflected in the line y = 2x

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Rotations and general reflections TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 297

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Composition of transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 298

Question 472 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the matrix that corresponds to a reflection in the y-axis and then a rotation about the
origin by 90 clockwise.
∘

Question 473 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the matrix that corresponds to a dilation of factor 2 from the x-axis and then a reflection
in the line y = x

Question 474 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the rule for a translation of 3 units in the x-direction and −2 units in the y direction.

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Composition of transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 299

Question 475 MARKS: I (1) II (1) III (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Matrix M rotates the plane about the origin by angle A anticlockwise, becoming M . M ′ ′

rotates the plane about the origin by angle B.

i) Through what angle will M M rotate the plane

′

ii) Evaluate M ′
M

iii) Hence find formulas for cos(A + B) and sin(A + B)

Question 476 MARKS: I (1) II (1) III (1) IV (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

i) Find the rotation matrix for an angle 45 anticlockwise

∘

ii) Find the rotation matrix for an angle 30 anticlockwise

∘

iii) By multiplying these two metrices, find the rotation matrix for angle 75 anticlockwise.
∘

iv) Hence, find the exact values for sin 75 and cos 75
∘ ∘

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Composition of transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 300

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Inverse transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 301

Question 477 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 3
Find the inverse matrix of [ ]
3 4

Question 478 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

For the transformation (x, y) → (3x + y, 2x + y) , find the rule for the inverse.

Question 479 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 3
Find the point (x, y) that is mapped to (2, 2) by the transformation with the matrix [ ]
1 2

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Inverse transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 302

Question 480 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the matrix of the linear transformation such that (2, 3) → (3, 2) and (3, 4) → (2, 2)

Question 481 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the vertices of the parallelogram that is mapped to the unit square by the transformation
1 −2
matrix [ ]
1 −1

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Inverse transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 303

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Transformations of straight lines and other graphs TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 304

Question 482 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the equation of the image of the graph of y = 2x + 3 under a reflection in the y-axis
followed by a dilation of factor 2 from the x-axis.

Question 483 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the image of y = 3 − x for the transformation (x, y) → (2x, 3y)

Question 484 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find a matrix that transforms the line y = x − 1 to y = x + 4

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Transformations of straight lines and other graphs TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 305

Question 485 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

1
Find the equation of the image of the graph y 2
= x + 1 under a translation by the vector [ ]
2

and then a reflection in the y-axis.

Question 486 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the image of the unit circle x + y = 1 under a dilation of factor 2 from the y-axis and
2 2

then a rotation about the origin by 90 clockwise.

∘

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Transformations of straight lines and other graphs TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 306

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Area and determinant TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 307

Question 487 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

4 2
The matrix [ ] maps the unit square to a parallelogram. Find the area of the
1 1

parallelogram.

Question 488 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 4
The matrix [ ] maps the unit square to a parallelogram. Find the area of the
1 1

parallelogram.

Question 489 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

1 2
The matrix [ ] maps the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (2, 0) and (1, 3) to a new triangle.
2 1

Find the areas of both triangles.

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Area and determinant TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 308

Question 490 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

m 1
The matrix [ ] maps the unit square to a parallelogram of area 3. Find the values of m
1 m

Question 491 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

m 1
For what values of m does the matrix [ ] map the unit square to a parallelogram of area
3 2

greater than 5?

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Area and determinant TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 309

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General transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 310

Question 492 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the transformation that rotates the plane by 90 anticlockwise about the point (1, 2)
∘

Question 493 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the transformation that rotates the plane by 180 clockwise about the point (1, −1).
∘

Check this answer by showing that (−1, 1) is mapped to the correct point.

Question 494 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the transformation that reflects the plane in the line y = x + 1

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

General transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 311

Question 495 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the transformation that reflects the plane in the line y = −1 . Check your answer
showing that (0, 0) is mapped to the correct point.

Question 496 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the transformation that reflects the plane in the line x = 1 . Check your answer showing
that (0, 0) is mapped to the correct point.

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General transformations TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE PLANE - 312

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 Chapter 16

Further graphing techniques

Topics covered
Locus of points 16.1
Parabolas 16.2
Ellipses 16.3
Hyperbolas 16.4
Parametric equations 16.5
Polar coordinates 16.6
Graphing using polar coordinates 16.7
Further graphing using polar coordinates 16.8

© CLASS EDUCATION 2020

Locus of points FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 314

Question 497 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the locus of points P (x, y) whose distance from Q(−2, 3) is 3 units.

Question 498 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the locus of points P (x, y)that are equidistant from A(−1, 1) and B(3, 5).

Question 499 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A point P is equidistant from the points A(0, 2) and B(4, 4). Also the point P is 2√10 units
from the point Q(6, 5). Find the possible coordinates of P .

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Locus of points FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 315

Question 500 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given two fixed points A(2, 1) and B(−1, 3), find the locus of P (x, y) if the gradient of AB
equals the gradient of AP .

Question 501 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

L(0, 0) and M (4, 0) are two vertices of ΔLM P . The third vertex P is such that
LP : M P = 1 : 2 . Find the locus of P .

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Locus of points FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 316

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Parabolas FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 317

Question 502 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the equation of the locus of points P (x, y) whose distance to the point F (0, 2) is equal
to the perpendicular distance to the line with equation y = −2

Question 503 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the equation of the locus of points P (x, y) whose distance to the point F (3, 0) is equal
to the perpendicular distance to the line x = −2

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Parabolas FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 318

Question 504 MARKS: I (2) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

i) Find the equation of the parabola with focus F (0, c) and directrix y = −c

ii) Hence find the focus of the parabola with equation x2 = 12y

Question 505 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

A parabola passes through the point P (1, 2), its axis of symmetry is the line x = 3 and its
directrix is the line y = 4. Find the coordinates of the focus.

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Parabolas FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 319

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Ellipses FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 320

Question 506 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 2
(x − 2) (y − 1)
Sketch the graph of + = 1 , labelling the centre and axis intercepts.
4 3

Question 507 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the coordinates of the centre of the ellipse 9x2 + 4y2 + 18x − 16y = 11

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Ellipses FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 321

Question 508 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the locus of the point P (x, y) as it moves such that the sum of its distances from two
fixed points A(−1, 0) and B(1, 0) is 6 units.

Question 509 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the equation of the locus of points P (x, y) such that the distance from P to the point
F (1, 0) is half the distance M P , the perpendicular distance from P to the line with equation

1
x = −2 . That is, F P = MP
2

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Ellipses FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 322

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Hyperbolas FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 323

Question 510 MARKS: I (1) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

Sketch the graph of (x + 1) 2

− (y − 1)
2
= 1 . Find

i) the coordinates of the centre

ii) the equations of the asymptotes

Question 511 MARKS: I (1) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

2 2
(x − 2) (y + 3)
Sketch the graph of − = 1 . Find
4 9

i) the coordinates of the centre

ii) the equations of the asymptotes

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Hyperbolas FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 324

Question 512 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Consider the points A(2, 0) and B(−2, 0). Find the equation of the locus of points P
satisfying AP − P B = 2

Question 513 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

Find the equation of the locus of points P (x, y) that satisfy the property that the distance to
P from the point F (4, 0)is twice the distance M P , the perpendicular distance to P from the

line with equation x = −2. That is, F P = 2M P

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Hyperbolas FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 325

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Parametric equations FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 326

Question 514 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

For the parametric equations: x ,

= 2t − 1 y = 1 + t the cartesian equation is?

Question 515 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

For the parametric equations: x = t + 1 ,y = t

2
− 1 the cartesian equation is?

Question 516 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

For the parametric equations : x = 9 sin θ ,y = 9 cos θ the cartesian equation is?

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Parametric equations FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 327

Question 517 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

For the cartesian equation x

2
= 4(y − 2) the parametric equations are?

Question 518 MARKS (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

For the cartesian equation (x − 1) 2

+ (y + 1)
2
= 4 the parametric equations are?

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Parametric equations FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 328

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Polar coordinates FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 329

Question 519 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given the polar coordinates, find the cartesian coordinates of

π
i) A(2, )
4

ii) B(3, π)

Question 520 MARKS: I (1) II (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Given the polar coordinates, find the cartesian coordinates of

2π
i) C(−2, )
3

5π
ii) D(−1, )
6

Question 521 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

For each of the following pairs of Cartesian coordinates, find two corresponding polar
coordinates, one with r > 0 and the other with r < 0

i) A(−1, 1)

ii) B(0, −2)

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Polar coordinates FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 330

Question 522 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

For each of the following pairs of Cartesian coordinates, find two corresponding polar
coordinates, one with r > 0 and the other with r < 0

i) C(√2, −√2)

ii) D(√3, 1)

Question 523 MARKS (3) ANSWER 

􏂎

π 5π
Find the distance between the points A(1, ) and B(3, )
3 6

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Polar coordinates FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 331

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Graphing using polar coordinates FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 332

Question 524 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Using technology or otherwise, sketch

θ
the spiral with polar equation r =
π
for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π

Question 525 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express xy = 2 in the polar form.

Question 526 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

Express x 2
− y
2
= 1 in the polar form

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Graphing using polar coordinates FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 333

Question 527 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

A curve has the polar equation r = 2 cos θ . Find the Cartesian form of the equation.

Question 528 MARKS (1) ANSWER 

􏂎

2
A curve has the polar equation r = . Find the Cartesian form of the equation.
1 − sin θ

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Graphing using polar coordinates FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 334

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Further graphing using polar coordinates FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 335

Question 529 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

The curve with a polar equation

r = 1 − cos θ is a Cardioid.

i) Sketch the graph of the Cardioid

ii) Find the Cartesian equation

Question 530 MARKS (4) ANSWER 

􏂎

The curve with polar equation

r = 1 − 2 sin θ is a limacon.

i) Sketch the graph of the limacon

ii) Find the cartesian equation

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Further graphing using polar coordinates FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 336

Question 531 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

The curve with polar equation

r = sin 2θ is a rose curve.

i) Sketch the graph of the rose curve

ii) Find the cartesian equation

Question 532 MARKS: I (2) II (2) ANSWER 

􏂎

The curve with polar equation

r = 3√ cos 2θ is a rose lemniscate.

i) Sketch the graph of the lemniscate

ii) Find the cartesian equation

© CLASS EDUCATION 2021

Further graphing using polar coordinates FURTHER GRAPHING TECHNIQUES - 337

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