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IoT Chap2

This document provides an outline for a course on Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses the evolution and applications of IoT, as well as key concepts. It covers application layer protocols like COAP and MQTT that are used for IoT communications. It also examines IoT network technologies, including connectivity models and communication technologies. Fog and edge computing topics are included for one program. Reference materials on enabling IoT technologies, protocols, and applications are also provided.

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Yahya Bouslimi
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42 views

IoT Chap2

This document provides an outline for a course on Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses the evolution and applications of IoT, as well as key concepts. It covers application layer protocols like COAP and MQTT that are used for IoT communications. It also examines IoT network technologies, including connectivity models and communication technologies. Fog and edge computing topics are included for one program. Reference materials on enabling IoT technologies, protocols, and applications are also provided.

Uploaded by

Yahya Bouslimi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internet of Things

II3 – GL / Mastère Smart Systems

Hanen IDOUDI
[email protected]
Course Outline 2

u From Internet to the Internet of Things (IoT) : Evolution and applications


u Basic concepts : smart objects, global connectivity, sensors, etc.
u IoT Applications
u IoT Ecosystem and architecture
u IoT challenges

u Application layer protocols


u Web of Things : basic concepts
u COAP
u MQTT
u IoT networks technologies
u Connectivity models in IoT

u Long range communications technologies for IoT


u Short range communications technologies for IoT

u Fog and Edge Computing (Mastère Smart Systems uniquement)


Reference 3

u Ala Al-Fuqaha, Mohsen Guizani, Mehdi Mohammadi, Mohammed


Aledhari, Moussa Ayyash. Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling
Technologies, Protocols and Applications. IEEE COMMUNICATIONS
SURVEYS &AMP TUTORIALS. JANUARY 2015
2. Application layer protocols
Communications in the Web of Things
5
(WOB)

u HTTP is the universal communication protocol over the web.


u HTTP may not be suitable for constrained IoT devices (sensors …)

à Find the appropriate communication mode for a given IoT


application over the web

u Hypotheses
u Sensors and actuators (or complex objects) expose an information
u They produce and / or consume data
Communication Models in the WoT 6

u Request-Response
u Scenario : sensors interrogation de capteurs, actuators control
u Pattern : REST
u Protocols : HTTP 1.1, COAP, HTTP/2

u REST (REpresentational State Transfer) over HTTP


u client-server Architecture
u URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) as comme ressources identifier
u CRUD operations
u HTTP Methods
u GET : get data (sensors)
u PUT : set a data (actuators)
u POST : configure / create a behavior (complex object)
u DELETE : configure / remove a behavior (complex object)
Communication Models in the WoT 7

u Publish-Subscribe, Push server


u Scenarios
u Data gathered from several sensors (flows)

u Low-energy sensors with duty cycling

u Low-energy sensors with intermittent connections

u Objects with complex operational mode

u Patterns :
u Observer, message-oriented communications, REST + Notify

u Protocols :
u XMMP, MQTT, WebSocket, WebRTC…
Communication Models in the WoT 8

u Publish-Subscribe, Push server


u A message posting and subscription mechanism

u The broadcasters (publisher) do not a priori send messages to recipients


(subscriber). A broaker (middelware) collect published messages
u A category (flow / topic) is associated with messages that are sent without
knowing whether there are recipients.
u Subscribers subscribe to categories of interest to them, without knowing if
there are broadcasters.
Communication Models in the WoT 9

u Services composition and sequencing


u Scenarios
u Complex objects

u Patterns : Web Services orchestration


u Protocols : SOAP, WSDL, BPMN, OWL-S…
COnstrained Application Protocol (COAP) 10

u Client / server communications.


u URI as ressource identifier.
u Request/Response exchange.
u Suitable for constrained networks and devices
u Works over UDP
COAP 11

u Message Layer supports 4 types of messages:


u Confirmable (CON) : “reliable” message, which requires
acknowledgment.
u Non-confirmable (NON) : asychronous message, does not require
acknowledgment
u Acknowledgement (ACK) : Acknowledgement message, a reponse to
a CON request message.
u Reset (RST) : message that indicates that a server has received the
request, but does not have the context to provide a good response.

u COAP Uses a token to associate requests and their responses


during a communication.
COAP 12

u A Request is sent in a confirmable or non-confirmable message, the


response to the request comprises 3 different scenarios:
Non confirmable Request
Piggy-backed Mode Separated Response Mode and Response Mode
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry
13
Transport)
u Publish-subscribe messaging protocol based on TCP / IP
u Lightweight: intended for objects with limited battery and
bandwidth
u MQTT since its version 3.1.1 is an OASIS standard, (Global
Consortium working for the standardization of open file formats)
u Numerous implementations of MQTT agents (C, C ++, Java, Python,
...)
u Role of an agent (broker):
u Validate, transform and redirect messages
u Acts as a mediator between transmitters (publishers) and receivers
(subscribers) allowing them to communicate effectively with minimum
coupling between them
u Many implementations : mosquitto, HiveMQ, etc
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry
14
Transport)
u An MQTT session is divided into four stages: connection,
authentication, communication, and termination.

u Each MQTT message consists of a fixed header (2 bytes), an


optional variable header, a message payload limited to 256 MB,
and a quality of service level.

u The three QoS levels determine how the MQTT protocol handles
content.
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry
15
Transport)

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