Chapter 3: Cracks of Revolution

Monday, October 16, 2023

The Katipunan
 (Kataas-taasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan nang manga Anak nang Bayan) or KKK
 founded on July 7, 1892
 underground org. until discovery on August 19, 1896
 petty quarrel between Apolonio Dela Cruz and Teodoro Patiño. They worked at the
printing press of Diario de Manila.
 Patiño tells his sister who lives in an orphanage in Mandaluyong. Made her Mother
Superior convince Patiño to reveal the KKK to Fr. Mariano Gil (a friar-curate).
 Fr. Gil with Spanish guards raid the printing press and found evidence of the Katipunan
in their lockers.

War (1)
 August 1896 about 500 to 1,000 Katipuneros
 Plans on August 24, 1896 and attack Manila on August 29, 1896.
 The attack was not in Manila but on an arsenal known as El Polvorin in San Juan del Monte.
(now - San Juan Elementary School in San Juan City, Metro Manila.)
 To get guns and ammunitions. They only have bolos and spears.
 The first major offensive turned out to be a blunder because of lack of military experience.
 In the battle of San Juan del Monte the Katipuneros have heavy casualties and pulled back at
Pasig River here they traced their retreat as far back as San Mateo. They attacked the municipal
building from across the convent and parish church up to Nanka River where the Spaniards met
their retreat.
 The momentary victory placed San Mateo and Montalban in the hands of the rebels, but the
reinforcements sent by Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco the two place return to Spaniards.
 Rebels retreat to Balara and mount a guerilla war.
War (2)
 August 30, 1896, eight province rose in revolt against Spain. Proclaimed by Gov. Gen. Blanco
under the state of war and under martial law.
 Manila
 Cavite* (located close to Manila and Sangley Point, a naval outpost that guards Manila
Bay from enemies)
 Laguna
 Batangas
 Bulacan
 Pampanga
 Tarlac
 Nueva Ecija
 The success in Cavite was not due to the terrain but mainly because of the social class that led it.
Pueblos fell into the hands of the Katipuneros. Those who joined and led the attack in the
province were coming from the middle class mostly gobernadorcillos, cabeza de barangay and
members of the principalia.
Magdalo and Magdiwang
 Aguinaldo came from KAWIT.
 Caviteños fighting a war of defense.
 Sept. 1896, the youngest gobernadorcillo of Kawit, Capitan Miong (Emilio Aguinaldo) had
become a local hero for having decimated the forces of Gen. Ernesto Aguirre the Battle at Imus.
 In 1985, even before the revolution started Cavite had two katipunan chapters.
 Magdiwang
 Mariano Alvarez the gobernadorcillo of Noveleta, organized in 1895 the
Sangguniang Bayan Magdiwang (Provincial Council of Noveleta). Uncle of
Bonifacio's wife Gregoria de Jesus.
 San Francisco de Malabon (General Trias), headquarters of magdiwang
 (Santiago Alvarez) April 1896, done through election won by Mariano Alvarez
witnessed by Supremo, Pio Valenzuela and Emilio Jacinto. Emilio Aguinaldo visit
two days later. Organized ahead of Magdalo.
 Occupy the most number of pueblos extending as far as Batangas.
 Territories
 San Francisco de Malabon
 Noveleta
 Rosario
 Tanza
 Naic
 Ternate
 Maragondon
 Magallanes
 Bailen
 Alfonso
 Indang
 San Roque
 Magdalo
 Baldomero Aguinaldo, Justice of the Peace of Cavite Viejo or Kawit. He created
Sangguniang Bayan Magdalo (Provincial Council of Cavite Viejo). It's capital at
Cavite Viejo where the Aguinaldo estate was located. Older cousin of Emilio.
 (Agoncillo) June 1895, through election won by Baldomero. Witnessed by
Supremo, Pio Valenzuela and Emilio Jacinto.
 Not give up their territories since they were attacked in the first offensive salvo.
 Territories
 Cavite Viejo (Kawit)
 Perez Dasmariñas
 Silang
 Amadeo
 Mendez Nuñez
 Bacoor
 Carmona
 Imus
 Cannot agree on the design of uniform. Elevate their councils into local governments.
Neither side of two councils like to give up their territories.
 This councils are sangguniang bayan not sangguniang balangay.
 No two chapter-governments in one province. Solution is to dissolve the mother
organization, the katipunan. Not possible because magdiwang have close affinity to
 Bonifacio one more. Do you knite the council still have an election it would be possible if
authorized by the supremo.
 Invite supremo Andres Bonifacio. Meetings:
 Imus on December 31, 1896, failed.
 Tejeros on March 1897
 Bonifacio fell into a trap that eventually lost his possession and came the death of the
organization he found.
 It was an election in cavite by the caviteños only. March 22 1897, election of president during
the convention at Tejeros, the Republic of the Philippines was born.

Author
Santiago Alvarez
 'Gen. Apoy' or 'kidlat ng apoy'
 Birth: July 25, 1872 (Noveleta, Cavite)
Only child of Gen. Mariano Alvarez ('Gen. Maninam') and Nicolasa Virata.
i. Studied in the tutelage of Antonio Dacon at Imus.
ii. Ignacio Villocillo
iii. Tondo under Macario Hernandez.
iv. After revolution he entered UST, San Juan de Letran (bachelors in arts degree) and law degree
at Liceo de Manila.
 Interrupted his education at 24 years old, lead the Battle of Dalahican.

**NOTE: America will grant Philippines' independence come 1921, under Jones law of 1916.

Memoirs of a General
 serialized in the tagalog weekly magazine Sampaguita in 36 parts beginning in July 1927.
 June 1973, Carolina Malay translate into English completed sometime in 1977.

Jim Richardson
 'The light of liberty: documents and studies on the katipunan'
 Lives in London with his wife Clarita, born in Magalang, Pampanga.