Jamia Bait-us-Salam Link Road, Karachi

Department of Contemporary Education

Pakistan Studies
Ahmed-ur-Rahman Class x
ٍ Chapter 1: Ideological Basis of Pakistan
S. Words Meanings Pg.No.
N
1. Sustainable Able to continue 6
2. Elaborate Explain 6
3. Injunctions Warnings and orders 6
4. Outline Define 6
5. Enshrine Preserve or save 6
6. Reflect To show or express 6
7. Determine Find 6
8. Interaction Communication 6
9. Manifestation Appearance 6
10. Prosperity The state of being successful 6
11. Deed Good action 6
12. Willingly Happily 6
13. Motivating force Force people to do something 6
14. Serves Help 6
15. Recognized Acceptable 6
16. Insight Deep understanding 7
17. Common cause A joint interest 7
18. Enrich To improve the quality of something 7
19. Bit by bit Gradually 7
20. Mutual Held in common by two or more parties 7
21. Occupy Fill 7
22. Constitute To form or make something 7
23. Ethnicity To categorize people according to their 7
culture and identification
24. Caste System of dividing Hindus into classes 7
25. Creed A system of religious belief 7
26. Contents Ingredients

27. Compromise Allow not to do anything against culture 7

28. Cause Reese 7
29. Energizes Give energy 7
30. Constituent A part of something 7
31. Unicity Alone 7
32. Sufficient Enough 7
33. Discrimination Difference 7,8
34. Entire Total 8
35. Distinction Distinguished or attraction 8
36. Prevailing Current 8
37. Firmly Strongly 8
38. sovereignty The power of a country 8
39. Representative A person who speaks or does something 8
officially for another person
40. Conform Follow 8
41. Sincerity Being honest 8
42. Equitably Fairly 8
43. Torch bearer A person who leads or inspires people in 8
 working towards valued good
44. Socio Combining 8
45. Democracy A government made by people 8
46. Emphasize Give special attention to something 8,10
47. Accumulation Increases 9
48. Abolish Put an end to 9
49. Self-restraint Control of your actions 9
50. Precedence More important 9
51. Affection Being affected 9
52. Betray To be unfaithful 9
53. Malice The desire to harm someone 9
54. Indulge Involved 9
55. Virtue Behavior sowing high moral standard 9
56. Conflict Clash 9
57. Due One’s right 9
58. Hardship Difficult situations hard to bear it 9
59. Indulge Involve 9
60. Statement To say something officially 10
61 Outline(v) To show facts about something 10
62. Minutely Very carefully 10
63. Afford To allow somebody to have something 10
pleasant or necessary
64. Impetus(n) Something which encourages a particular 10
activity
65. Articulate To express thoughts and feelings 10
66. Inhabit To live in a place 10
67. Amalgamate To join to form a larger country 10
68. Destiny Things that will happen in the future 10
69. Milestone An important thing in the development 10
70. Analysis To study or examine something in detail 10
71. Constitutional The set of political principles 10
72. Anxious Worried and nervous 11
73. Re-organize To make arrangements for something to 11
happen
74. Vitalize To give strength and energy 11
75. Sum-up To describe the importance 11
76. Attitude A feeling or opinion about something 12
77. Spirit A particular way of thinking 12
78. Embody To represent a quality 12
79. Foil To prevent somebody from being 12
successful

Chapter 2: Making of Pakistan

1. Revival When something becomes more popular 14
or active again
2. Deviate When you do something which is 14
different from a usual
3. Reformer A person who tries to improve a system 14
4. Movement A group of people with a particular set 14
of aims
5. Values The belief people have about what is 14
right, what is wrong, what is important
in the life, which control their behavior
6. Prominent Very well-known and important 14
7. Succeed To take a job after someone else 14
8. Degradation When the beauty or quality of 14
something is destroyed
9. Abide by To accept or obey 14
10. Declining Go down or become worst 14
11. Spiritual Relating to feelings and beliefs, 14
especially religious belief
12. Atrocity When somebody does something 14
extremely violently
13. Meritorious A good work deserves praise 15
14. Evil Morally bad 15
15. Incline Having a desire 15
16. Nominal Very small 15
17. Contrary Opposite 15
18. Eliminate Remove completely 15
19. Domination Control 15
20. Seek Attempt to find 16
21. Contingent A group of people 16
22. Staunch Very loyal 16
23. Proceed Begin 16
24. Imprison To keep in prison 16
25. Rekindle To start again 16
26. Get rid To remove 17
27. Stress To give particular importance 17
28. Prevail To be widespread 17
29. Encounter To face or meet 17
30. Obstacles Difficulties which prevent from 17
achieving something
31. Expectation The feeling that something will happen 17
32. Annoy To make somebody a little angry
33. Liaison Communication 18
34. Unrest Disturbance 18
35. Motive A reason for doing something 18
36. Confrontal Behaving with an angry or unfriendly 19
way
37. Cultivate Try to develop 19,20
38. Concentrate Focus all attention at a particular and 19
certain thing
39. Wrangling Arguments 19
40. Instrumental Helpful in bringing something 19
41. Acquisition The learning or developing a skill 19
42. Misery Poverty 20
43. Confiscate Take or seize 20
44. Restore Bring back 20
45. Endeavour Try hard to achieve something 20
46. Recruit Employ 20
47. Disappoint Fail to fulfill the hopes 20
48. Controversy Disagreement 20
49. Strategy A play designed for achieving a major 20
aim
50. Entity The fact of being 20
51. Dead lock A situation in which no progress can be 21
made
52. Lay To place something in a particular 21
position
53. Adamant Refused to change one’s mind 21
54. Apprise Inform or tell 22
55. Adopt To choose 22
56. Attitude A settled way of thinking about 22
something
57. Oust To force somebody to out from a job 22
58. pact A formal agreement 22
59. Electorate All the people in a country who are 22
entitled to vote in an election
60. Proportion To adjust in size 23
61. Enmity The feeling of hate 23
62. Animosity A strong dislike 23
63. Negate Make something ineffective 23
64. Measures Standards 23
65. Residuary Remaining 23
66. Vest To grant a power 23
67. Autonomy The right of self-government 23
68. Legislatures A governing body that makes laws 23
69. Adequate Acceptable 23
70. Communal Shared by all members of a community 23
71. Injurious Causing harm 24
72. Devise Plan with careful thoughts 24
73. Feasible Possible to do easily 24
74. Embody Give a body 24
75. Defacement The action or process of spoiling a 25
surface
76. Predicament Difficult or unpleasant situation 25
77. Deprive Keep away somebody from 25
78. Reveal To keep something known 25
79. Amalgamate To join or unite to form a larger 25
80. Destiny Future 25
81. Emerge To appear 25
82. Priority Something that is very important 25
83. Persecution Cruel treatment 25
84. Portrait The picture of something 26
85. Forehead The flat part of the face 26
86. Observe To make a remark 26
87. Impetus Something makes activity energetic 26
office
88. Analyze To study or examine something in detail 26
90. Unanimously Agree about a particular matter 26
91. Contiguous Touching another 26
92. Demarcate To show the limits of something 26
93. Sovereign Power 26
94. Mandatory Must be done 26
95. Mission An important job 27
96. Proposal A suggestion 27
97. Announce To state publicly 27
98. Viceroy A representative of kings who rules for 27
them in another country
98. Coalition Joining together of different political 27
parties
100. Plebiscite Referendum 29
101. Execute To perform something 29
102. Connive To plan dishonestly for something to 29
happen which will be beneficial for you
103. Illogical Not reasonable 29
104. Rage Extreme anger 29
105. Accommodate To provide with a place to live 29
106. Infuse To fill something with an emotion or 30
quality
107. Propound To suggest a theory for people to 30
consider
108. Treacherously Dangerous 30
109. Definite Clear, fixed and certain 31
110. Martyr Killed 31
111. Accelerate When the speed of something increases 31
112. Yield To give up the control 31
113. Succession Which exists after one another 32
114. Coincide Occur at the same time 32
115. Gratitude The quality of being thankful 32
116. Bestowal Gift 32
117. Accede To agree 32
118. Contiguity The state of bordering or being in 32
contact with something
119. Racialism The belief that people may be divided 33
into separate
120. Perspective A view 33
121. Enforcement Implementation 33
122. Reverence Deep respect 33
123. Precede Come before 33
124. Integrity A quality of being honest 34
125. Diligent Having care in his duties 34
126. Glory Honor 34
127. Visualize Making something visible to the eye 34
128. Pleasing - Someone who is interactive in nature 34
personality
129. Overcome Defeat 34
130. Arsenal A collective of weapons 35
131. Inherit To receive 35
132. National-integrity The awareness of being honest towards 35
the affairs of the country
133. Compel To force or oblige to do something 35
134. Gigantic Huge in size 35
135. Integral Basic 36
136. Concentrate Focus 37

Chapter 3: Constitutional Development and Islamic Republic of

Pakistan
1. Primitive Human society at a very early stage 38
2. Organize Make arrangements for something to happen 38
3. Territory Land 38
4. Enunciate To explain a plan or principle clearly 39
5. Sacred Connected with religion 39
6. Rest with Depend on somebody 40
7. Maintenance Continue to have 40
8. Impose To force a rule 40
9. Abrogate To end a law 40
10. Promulgate To spread 41
11. Restoration The process of returning something to its 41
position

12. Comprise To have as parts or members 42

13. Entrust To give somebody a duty 42
14. Implicit Complete without any doubts 42
15. Delegate To give 42
16. Lay To prepare a plan for doing something 42
17. Curtail To reduce or limit something 43
18. Consultative Who gives advises about something 43
19. Prejudicial Harmful 43
20. Vicious Cruel or violent 43
21. Mistrust Have no confidence 43
22. Incorporate To include something 43
23. Deprivation Lacking the necessities of life 44
24. Accuse Claim 44
25. Agitate Make nervous 44
26. Manifesto A statement published by a political party in 44
which they say what their aims, opinions and
objectives

27. Junta A group of military officers has taken the 45

power in a country

28. Regime Government 45

29. Embargo An official ban 45
30. Materialize Something become real

Chapter 4: Land and Climate of Pakistan

S.N Words Meanings P.N.
1. Extend Reach 49
2. Mutual Feeling the same for each other 50
3. Stretch To cause somebody to reach 50
4. Possess To have a partial or quality 51
5. Protocol Agreement 51
6. Consent Agreement 51
7. Alleviate To make somebody bad less severe 51
8. Prestige Widespread respect 51
9. Plateaus A large flat area of land that is high above sea 51
level
10. Resort A place where people go for rest 52
11. Originate To come from a particular place 52
12. Uneven Not equal 53
13. Miserable Unhappy 53
14. Irrigation To supply water to the fields 53
15. Barrier Fence or a long pole which stops people, etc. 54
16. Intense Extreme 54
17. Pass A path or road between mountains 54
18. Scarce Not easy to find or get 56
19. Plain A large area of flat land 56
20. Alluvium Earth or sand that has been left by rivers and 56
floods
21. Tributary A small river or stream that flows into a large 56
river or lack
22. Channel A passage for water 56
23. Marshy Wet always 57
24. Rolling Gently rising and falling 57
25. Dune A small hill of sand in a desert 57
26. Topography Landscape 57
28. Expanse A large open area of land 57
29. Innumerable Too many 57
30. Reclaim To make desert suitable for farming 57
31. Thorny Having a lot of thorns or spines 57
32. Sparsely Small in quantity 58
33. Density The number of people in a place when 58
compared with the size of the people
34. Arid Very dry without enough rainfall for plants 61
35. Variation Change in a level 61
36. Confine To keep somebody closed in a place 63
37. Cottage industry A small business run from house 63
38. Hustle and All the noise and activities 63
bustle
39. Spring A place where water naturally flows out from 63
the ground
40. Physique The shape and size of the human body 63
41. Efficiency When somebody uses time and energy well, 63
without wasting any time
42. Diligently Careful and using a lot of efforts 63
43. Convenient Suitable for needs 63
44. Coarse Rough and not smooth or soft 63
45. Breed To keep animals for the purpose of producing 63
animals
46. Ecology The relationship between air, land, water, 64
plants, etc.
47. Injurious Harmful 64
48. Vapor Gas or very small drops of liquid 65
49. Soot A black powder which is mainly made when 65
coal or wood is burnt
50. Counter To react to something with an opposing action 65
51. Potable Drinkable 66
52. Solvent Able to dissolve other substances 66
53. Dense Thick 66
54. Induct Introduce 66
55. Composition The nature of something’s ingredients 66
56. Rearing Caring 66
57. Excessive More than necessary 66
58. Incline Want to do something 67
59. Ditch Gutter 67
60. Emit Discharge 67
61. Violate To break a law 67
62. Provision Supply 67
 Chapter 5: Resources of Pakistan
S.N Words Meanings Pg.No
.
1. Resource A useful or valuable asset of a country 69
2. Capacity The ability to do something 69
3. Expertise A high level of knowledge 69
4. Explore To discover 69
5. Tremendous Very great 70
6. Utilization To use something in an effective way 70
7. Prestige Respect 70
8. Flo0urish Grow successfully 70
9. Ample More than enough 70
10. Amenity Things such as hospitals, swimming pools, 70
etc. which make life more comfortable
11. Generosity Kind 70
12. Livelihood The money you use for your basic needs 70
like food, a house and clothes, etc.
13. Meager Very small 70
14. Silt Fine clay 71
15. Layer A sheet covering the surface of something 71
16. Unconsolidated Not solid 71
17. Vegetation The act or process of vegetating 71
18. Erosion The gradually destruction or domination of 71
something
19. Consequence The result of a particular action 71
20. Productive Able to produce a large amount of goods 72
21. Residual Left from something 72
22. Arid Having little rain or no rain 72
23. Alluvial Made up of sand and earth left by rivers and 72
floods
24. Calcareous Containing calcium carbonate 72
25. Shallow Not deep 72
26. Saline Containing salt 72
27. Extend To spread 72
28. Integral Essential 72
29. Ruthless Without mercy 72
30. Evergreen Plants that retain green leaves throughout 72
the year
31. Timber Wood prepared for using in buildings 72
carpentry
32. Water logging Saturation of soil with water 74
33. Salinity The quality of being salt 74
34. Onslaught A fierce attack 74
35. Check Stop or slow the process of something 74
36. Pasture Land covered With glass suitable for 74
grazing animals
37. Excursion-resorts A short journey to a place 74
38. Recreation Activity done for enjoyment 74
39. Raw In natural condition 75
40. Refine Make something pure or improve 75
something
41. Thermal Relating to heat 75
42. Iron ore A rock which iron can be extracted 77
43. Abundance A very large quantity of something 78
44. Harvest The process of cutting crops 78
45. Feudal A system in which people were giving their 79
lands to a person who was protecting them
and fighting for them in return
46. Peasant A person who has a small land in which he 79
grows crop or rent something
47. Intensify To become greater 79
48. Mechanize Operated by machines 79
49. Scattered Found at various locations 79
50. Pesticide A substance used for destroying insects 79
51. Uplift Raise the level 79
52. Sown To plant 80
53. Indigenous Native 80
54. Residue Something that of a part of something 80
55. Substantial Large in size 81
56. Fodder Food dried for cattle 81
57. Surplus More than which is needed 82
58. Milch Cow 82
59. Prone Unpleasant 82
60. Drought Leading to the shortage of water 82
61. Yield Profit 83
62. Literacy The ability to read and write 83
63. Capita Each person 83
64. Dung Solid waste from animals 83
65. Laborious Needing a lot of time and efforts 84
66. Hesitant Because you are nervous and not certain to 84
do something immediately
67. Conservative Not liking sudden change 84
68. Forefathers Someone’s relations who lived a long time 84
ago
69. Laxity Without much care 84
70. Crust A hard outer covering of something 84
71. Fragmentation A small piece 85
72. Restrict To limit the movement of something 85
73. Metal led Crushed stones 85
74. Contend To complete in order to win 85
75. Tactic A planned way to doing something 85
76. Minimize To reduce something to the least possible 85
level
77. Leaflet A piece of paper that gives you information 86
about something or advertises something
78. Means Methods 86
79. Course An area of land 86
80. Vexation A type of work that you feel you are suited 86
to doing
81. Monopoly Completing control of something specially 87
in an area of business
82. Innovative Using new methods and ideas 87
83. Headwork Any structure at the head or at the diversion 89
point of a waterway
84. Distant Far away 89
85. Sustain Support 89
86. Perennial Continuing without interruption 89
87. Widened To make wider 89
88. Livestock Farms animals 90
89. Tilling Prepare and cultivate for crops 90
90. Scanty Little 90
91. Rearing Bring up and care 90
92. Preservation The action of preserving something 90
93. Satisfactory Good enough 90
94. Veterinary Relating to the diseases, injurious and 90
treatment of farm and domestic animal

Chapter 6: Industrial Development in Pakistan

S.N Words Meanings Pg.
.
1. Refer Relates to something 96
2. Manual Done with the hands 96
3. Utility Useful 96
4. Fulfill To do something that is hoped 96
5. Exploit To use something for advantage 96
6. Mass A lot 96
7. Reflect To show something 96
8. Component A part which combine with other 96
parts to form something bigger
9. Optimum Best 96
10. Invent To create 96
11. Durable Able to last a long time without 96
becoming damaged
12. Inherit To begin to have a responsibility 97
for a problem which is previously
existed or belonged to another
person
13. Cottage A small house 98
14. Administrative Relating to the running of a 98
business
15. Hand loom To turn yarn into fabric 98
16. Synthetic Made by chemicals 98
17. Rug Mat, carpets 99
18. Tanning The process of converting animal’s 99
skin into leather
19. Cutlery Knives, forks and spoons 99
20. Embroidery To decorate clothes by using 99
patterns and pictures
21. Ornamentation Decorated elements 99
22. Complex A group of buildings 103
23. Nevertheless In spite of that 103
24. Pig iron In shape of block 104
25. Tug A small powerful boat 104
26. Cater To provide 104
27. Sophisticated Advanced 104
28. Means Resources 104
29. Cart A strong vehicle having two or four 105
wheels used for carrying loads
pulled by a horse, etc.
30. Oxen Bull 105
31. Metaled A road which has a surface level 105
made by small pieces of stones
32. Catastrophe Disaster 105
33. Account Description 105
34. Locomotives A powered railway vehicle and 108
used for pulling trains
35. Freight A railway wagon carrying 108
merchandise
36. Rehabilitation The process of returning to health 108
37. Burden A load 109
38. Access The means or opportunity to 109
approach
39. Fleet A number of aircraft 110
40. Extend Make larger 110
41. Vary Differ in size 110
42. Merchant fleet A number of civilian ships of a 110
country carrying passengers, or a
cargo
43. Acquire Buy 110
44. Circulation Movement around something 111
45. Retail To sell goods to the public 111
46. Deficient Not having enough amount of 111
something which is needed
47. Exceed Be larger in number 111
48. Competitive Involving competition 111
49. Abbreviation Short form 112
50. Maintain Provide 112
51. Gain ground Something gradually becomes more 112
popular
52. Inconsistent Not matching something 112
53. Deteriorate Becomes worse 113
54. Uncertain Not fixed 113
55. Lust Strong desire 113
56. Undue Extreme 113
57. Remedial Intended to correct something 113
58. Red Tapism Official rules or process that seems 113
unnecessary
59. Strict That must be obeyed 113
60. Incentive Motivation 113
61. Relaxation The action of making a rule less 113
strict

Chapter 7: The Population of Pakistan

S.N Words Meanings Pg.
.
1. Characteristic Noticeable quality of something 115
2. Density The number of people in a place 115
with compared with the size of that
place
3. Census A count of people for special 115
purpose
4. Composition A short piece of writing about a 115
particular subject
5. Dependent Needing the support of something 117
6. Derive To get something from something 117
else
7. Infant A baby 118
8. Mortality The number of deaths 118
9. Hamper To prevent somebody doing 118
something easily
10. Evident Obvious 119
11. Glamorous Attractive 119
12. Abundant More than enough 119
13. Attract To pull somebody towards 119
14. Accelerate Speed of something increases 119
15. Locality Particular area 119
16. Sanitation The system for dirty water and 120
another waste products away from
buildings due to the people’s health
17. Slum A very poor and crowded area 120
18. Devoid To be without something 120
19. Endeavor To try to do something 120
20. Resort To do something that you do not 120
want to do
21. Incentive Something which encourages a 120
person to do something
22. Relieve To provide relief 120
23. Dispersal To move away 120
24. Far-flung Places that are a very great distance 120
away
25. Augment To increase the size of something 120
26. Sustainer Supporter 120
27. Contrary Opposite 120
28. Don’t bother Worry 121
29. Kith and kin Friends and relatives 121
30. Scant Very little 121
31. Dire Very serious 121
32. Personal People who are employed in a 121
company
33. Scarce Not easy to find 121
34. Quantum The smallest amount of something 121
35. Densely A lot of things close together 121
36. Commensurate In a correct or suitable amount 121
compared to something else
37. Explosion Burst 121
38. Reduction When the size of something 121
becomes smaller
39. Striking Discover 121
40. Chief indicator Main, one of the light on the front 122
and the back of a road vehicle
41. Promote Encourage 122
42. Collaboration Working together 122
43. Satisfactory Good or good enough 122
44. Enhance To improve the quality 122
45. Templing You want to have it 123
46. Set back Something happens and causes to 123
delay
47. Settle down To start to live in a place 124

Chapter 8: Culture of Pakistan

S.N Words Meanings Pg.N.
.
1. Combination A joining and meeting different 126
parts together
2. Factor Element 126
3. Custom Something you usually do 126
4. Tradition Heritage, a belief, or principles, a 126
way of acting people in a
particular society have continued
to follow for a long time
5. Architecture The science of designing and 126
making buildings
6. Fine arts Drawings and paintings 126
7. Aspect A feature of something 126
8. Simultaneously Happening or done exactly at the 126
same time
9. Impact To have an influence 126
10. Manifest To show something clearly 126
11. Cohesion When members of a group are 127
united
12. Preference When you like something more 127
than another thing
13. Relegate To put somebody or something 127
into a lower rank or position
14. Neglect To give not enough care 127
15. Unequivocal Expressed in a very clear and 127
certain way
16. Inhabitant A person or animal that lives in a 127
particular place
17. Intellectual Relating to your ability to think 127
or understand thing especially
complicated ideas
18. Distinctive Special 127
19. Dynasty A series of rulers or leaders who 128
all are from one family
20. Undergo To experience something which 128
involves a change
21. Caste A system of dividing Hindu 128
society into classes
22. Splendor Great beauty of something which 128
attracts attention
23. Charm Attraction 128
24. Vista A possible future of something 128
that you imagine
25. Treasure Very valuable thing 128
26. Enrich Improve 128
27. Stride Development 129
28. Mystic Someone who attempts to make 129
good relations with Allah
through prayers
29. Solace Feel comfort when you are sad or 129
worry
30. Realm Area 129
31. Travelogue A book about travelling 129
32. Facet One part of subject that has many 129
parts
33. Commendable Deserving praise 129
34. Fortnightly Happening every two weeks 129
35. Dialect Accent 130
36. Monks A group of religious men who do 130
not marry and give up worldly
life
37. Devotional Religious 130
38. Advent Arrival 130
39. Follow by Something comes after 130
something else
40. Dimension A measurement of something 130
size
41. Masterpiece A work of art, such as painting or 130
book with made up by great
skills
42. Impart Give 130
43. Well set Strongly built 130
44. Remnant Left over 130
45. Compel Make up 131
46. Epical A long poem 132
47. Federation The union of several provinces 132
48. Converse To engage in the exchange of 132
 thoughts and feelings
49. Acquire Get, receive 132
50. Integration Unification 132
51. Intimate Close 132
52. Identical Similar 132
53. Expose Make something visible 133
54. Harmony Combination 133
55. Bind To tie tightly or fasten something 133
56. Favored Preferred 132
57. Evident Obvious 134
58. Slight A little 133
59. Accomplishment Struggles 133
60. Legacy Something that is part of your 133
history
61. Knit Join 133
62. Up bring The way in which something is 134
treated and educated
63. Entrust To give somebody a duty for 134
which he is responsible
64. Flock A group of sheep and goat 134
65. Variation Change 134
66. Observance When somebody obey a law 134
67. Pursuit Activity 135
68. Leisure When you are free 135
69. Sacred Considered to be holy 135
70. Sorrow/grieve Feeling of great sadness 135
71. Convey To show a thought 135
72. Uniformity A particular set of laws 136
73. Evaluation To judge or value of something 136
74. Inculcate To fix belief in someone mind by 136
repeating them
75. Craft Objects that they have made by 136
hands
76. Versality Able to change easily from one 136
activity to another
77. Calligraphy The art of producing beautiful 137
writings
78. Carving The skill of cutting stones 137
79. Appreciate Understand that something is 137
valuable
80. Engrave To cut and pictures and patterns 137
on the surface of something
81. Illuminate To light something and make it 138
brighter
82. Zeal Great energy 138
83. Festivity Cheerfulness 139
84. Harvesting Gather a crop as a harvest 139
85. Enhance Improve the quality 139

Chapter 9: Education in Pakistan

S.N Words Meaning Pg.N.
.
1. Reference A mention of something 141
2. Faculty Power 141
3. Evolution Development in something 141
4. Nationhood The quality of being a nation 141
5. Constructive Positive 141
6. Optimum Best 141
7. Exploitation The action of using something 141
8. Evaluation Judgement 142
9. Meagre Little 142
10. Allocation Issue 142
11. Malpractice Illegal 142
12. Accessible Able to be reached 143
13. Eradicate Destroy 143
14. Enrolment Admission 143
15. Promulgate Promote 143
16. Pursue Follow 143
17. Vocational Professional 143
18. Cope Deal with something difficult 143
19. Prescribe State a rule that the procedure 143
should be carried out
20. Curricula Syllabus 143
21. Implementation The process of putting a decision 143
or plan into effect
22. Gross root The very most basic level 144
23. Tier Level 144
24. Vision The view of the future 144
25. Deceive To keep the truth hidden from 144
somebody
26. Emotional A strong feeling such as love or 144
anger
27. Confront To face difficult problems 144
29. Decency Behavior that is good and 144
acceptable in a society
28. Lie in To exist or to be found in 145
something
30. Poly technic A college where students study 146
for degrees specially in technic
field
31. Opt To choose an option 146
32. Execute To put a plan into effect 148
33. Evaluate To dodge the quality or 148
importance of something
33. Crucial Great important 149
34. Equip Supply with the necessary items 149
for a particular purpose
35. Fulfill To do something that is expected 149
36. Correspond Have a close similarity 149
37. Evolutionary Relating to the gradual 150
development of something
38. Incorporate Include 150
39. Jurisdiction The official power to make the 151
legal decisions and judgements
40. Guesswork Estimated work without sufficient 151
information to be sure or correct
41. Rampant Happening a lot specially in a 151
way that is out of control
42. Sustainable Able to be maintained at a certain 151
grade or level
43. Impart To make information known 152
44. Dropout A person who leaves school 153
45. Adversely Having a negative or harmful 154
effect on something
46. Decline To gradually become less, worse 154
and lower
47. Favoritism Unfair support shown to 155
somebody
48. Complex Difficult to understand 155
49. Dominate To have control over a person or 155
place
50. Acquisition Something that somebody buys 155
51. Familiarize To learn 156
52. Varied Containing different types or 156
things
 Chapter 10: Pakistan—A Welfare State
S.N. Words Meanings Pg.N.

1. Conducive Providing the right condition for 158

something
2. Innate The condition that you were born 158
with
3. Potential Ability to achieve 158
4. Handicapped People who cannot move their parts 158
of bodies or mind because they
have been damaged
5. Outspoken Expressing strong opinions 158
6. Bold Brave 158
7. Perspective Thought 158
8. Adhere To continue to obey a rule 159
9. Nutshell Using few words as possible 159
10. Racial Happening between people of 160
different races
11. Hurdle A problem you have to deal with 160
12. Inevitable Unavoidable 160
13. Constructive Useful 160
14. Pre-fixed To put before 161
15. Priority First concern 161
16. Pace Step 161
17. Progressive Happening or developing gradually 161
or in stages
18. Deaf Lacking the power of hearing 162
19. Dump Not able to see 162
20. Recreational Connected with ways that you are 162
enjoying yourself when you are not
working
21. Begging Asking somebody money 162
22. Enlighten Give greater knowledge 164
23. Tendency He has tendency it means he like to 164
do something
24. Phased manner To introduce something in different 164
periods over a particular time
25. Egalitarian Believe that all people are 165
important equally and have the
same rights
26. Uphold Protect 165
27. Vanish To disappear 165
28. Shrunk To become smaller 165
29. Existence When something exists 165
30. Catastrophe A sudden event that causes a great 165
trouble or destruction
31. Famine Where there is not enough food for 165
a great number of people
32. Cordial Friendly 165
33. Co-existence To live together at the same time or 166
in the same place
34. Amicably Relating to behavior between 166
people that is pleasant
35. Equitable Fair and reasonable treating 166
everyone in the same way
36. Disparity Difference or opposite of equitable 166
37. Bias Preference 166
38. Deprive Not having things that are 166
necessary for a pleasant life
39. Patronized To be customer 166
40. Compensation Money which you have to pay 167
because you have damaged
something
41. Agitation When people protest or argue 167
 especially in public, in order to
achieve a particular change

Chapter 11: The Civic Life in Pakistan

S.N. Words Meanings Pg.N.

1. Civic Of a town or a city where people 169

live in it
2. Prerogative Something which some people are 169
allowed to do or have
3. Stead In place of something 169
4. Currency Acceptance 169
5. Tenure A period of time 169
6. Tranquility A peaceful calm state 169
7. Give somebody Says who somebody has done 169
his due good for praising him
8. Matter To be important 170
9. Parlance A group of words 170
10. Dweller A person who lives in a city 170
11. Excursion A short journey for pleasure 170
12. Immoral Morally wrong 170
13. Disastrous Extremely bad 170
14. Commotion Confusion 170
15. Defamation To damage the reputation of a 170
person or group by saying or
writing things which are not true
16. Prime Main 171
17. Desist To stop something specially which 171
someone else do not want you to
 do
18. Refrain To avoid 171
19. Perception Belief 171
20. Directives An official instruction 171
21. Devotion Loyalty 172
22. Dedication Give a lot of time 172
23. Consumable Goods specially food or services 172
which people buy regularly
24. Isolation The condition of being alone 172
25. Immortal An ancient time 172
26. Bound Certain 172
27. Separably To be separated easily from each 172
other
28. Non-entity A person or thing with no special 172
or interesting qualities
29. Rapport A well understanding of somebody 172
and able to communicate well with
people
30. Interaction When two or more people 172
communicate each other
31. Naught Nothing 172
32. Rest Remain 172
33. Discharge Perform 172
34. Sterling Very good 172
35. Hurdle Fence 172
36. Deprive To take away something especially 173
something necessary or pleasant
from somebody
37. Disposition A person’s inherent qualities of 173
mind and character
38. Accusation A statement saying that somebody 173
has done something morally wrong
39. esteem Respect for a opinion of somebody 173
40. Addiction Habit 173
41. Entitle To give somebody the right to do 173
42. Fabric Structure 173
43. Infringe upon To take away some of his rights 173
44. To suit Be right 173
45. Trample To step heavily on something 173
causing damage
46. Monetary Related to the money in a country 174
47. Drubbing Beating 174
48. Inter- related Having a mutual relation 174
49. Consequence Result or effect 174
50. Menace A dangerous quality 175
51. Wipe out To destroy 175
52. curb To control or limit something 175

Chapter 12: Protection of Human Rights

S.N. Words Meaning Pg.N.

1. Contrast Difference 178

2. Norms Standards 178
3. Diversity Different types of things 178
4. Drive Planned effort 178
5. Wake After 178
6. Acquire To get something 178
7. Caste Dividing society into 179
classes
8. Creed A set of belief 179
9. Degrade Causing people that they 179
 have no value
10. In humane Cruel 179
11. Remedy A successful way of 179
curving an illness
12. Competent Able to do something 179
well
13. Tribunal A special court 179
14. Arbitrary Unlawful or illegal 179
15. Detain To force something 179
officially to stay in a
place
16. Exile The condition of 179
somebody being sent or
kept away from his
country
17. Guilty Responsible for breaking 179
a law
18. Asylum Protection or safety 180
19. Persecution Unfair or cruel 180
treatement
20. Leisure The time when you are 181
not working
21. Adequate Enough or satisfactory 181
for a particular purpose
22. Usurp Take illegically or by 181
force
23. Subsidiary A company which is 181822
owned by a larger
company
24. Interpretation An explanation based or 182
 opinion of what
something means
25. Deliberate To think or talk seriously 182
or inreliably about
something
26. To honour To do 182
27. Signatory A person who has signed 182
an agreement
28. Core Basic and most 182
important part
29. redressal Remedy or 183
compensation for a
wrong

Chapter 13: Protection of Citizen’s Rights and The Role of

Institutions

S.N Words Meanings Pg.N.

.
1. Ombudsmen A person who works for 184
a government and deals
with the complaints made
against it

2. Maladministration Lack of care or honesty 184

in the management of
 something
3. Consistent Always behaving or 184
happening in a similar
way specially positive
way
4. Institutionalize To make something 184
become part of a
particular society or
organization
5. Rectify To make something 184
correct
6. Curb Control 185
7. Discreationary The right or ability to 185
decide something
8. Grievance A complaint or a strong 185
feeling that you have
been treated unfairly
9. Aggrieved Unhappy or angry 185
because of unfair
treatment
10. Lodge To make an officially 185
complaint against
something
11. Entertain Invite 185
12. Statutory Decided or uncontrolled 185
by
13. Allegation A statement which has 185
not been proved to be
true
14. Subjudice Cases which are 185
subjudice cannot be
publicly discussed in the
media
15. Competent Able to do something 185
 well
16. Functionary A person who has 185
official duties in a
government
17. Common Order 186
18. Compel To force somebody to do 186
some thing
19. Premises The land and buildings 186
owned by somebody
20. Inspect Look for discoer 186
informations
21. Mutatis mutandis Used when comparing 186
two or more things and
necessary changes will
be applicable according
to different situation
while the basic points
remain same
22. Contemp Not respect 186
23. Enact To put something in 186
action specially to
change it according to a
law
24. Intern Student 186
25. Apprentice Trainee, learner 186
26. Abuse Abuse badly 186
27. Intimidation To frighten or threaten 186
somebody
28. Co-ordinate To make various things 187
work effectively as a
whole
29. Pursue To try to discover 187
information about a
subject
30. Elucidate To explain or make clear 188