Senior High School

Department of Education
National Capital Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1: Module 6
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

Rowena R. Adagio (PHS)

Chona F. Arenque (MNHS
Writers:
Joel C. Hagos (FHS)
Evelyn E. Seroy (MHS)
Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Logarithmic Functions. The scope of this module is to represent real-
life situations using logarithmic functions, distinguishes logarithmic function,
logarithmic equation, and logarithmic inequality, solve logarithmic equations and
logarithmic inequalities.

Introduction to Logarithms

Logarithmic Functions, Equations, Inequalities and Basic

Logarithmic Properties of Logarithms

Laws of Logarithms and Logarithmic Equations

Logarithmic Inequality

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define logarithm
2. change exponential form to logarithmic form and vice versa.
3. evaluate logarithms
4. simplify logarithmic expressions using the properties.
5. represent real life situation using logarithmic functions.
6. distinguishes logarithmic function, logarithmic equation, and logarithmic
Inequality.
7. apply laws of logarithms and solve logarithmic equation.
8. solve logarithmic inequality.

What I Know
Write the letter of the correct answer on a clean sheet of paper.
1. Change 5𝑦 = 15 to logarithm.
A. 5 = 𝑦 B. 15 = 𝑦 C. 𝑦 = 15 D. 𝑦 = 5
2. Evaluate 125
1 1
A. -3 B. − C. D. 3
3 3

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 3. How long will it take for a deposit of 𝑃250 000.00 to grow to P320 000 at
r% annual interest rate compounded quarterly? Express the time as a
function f(r).
320 000 250 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (250 000) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (320 000)
A) 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑟 C) 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑟
4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+4) 4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+4)
320 000 250 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (250 000) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (320 000)
B) 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑟 D) 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑟
4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1−4) 4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1−4)

4. The following represents a logarithmic equation EXCEPT:

A. logx 2 = 4 B. logx2 = 2 C. log3 (3x – 2) = 2 D. log2 x > 3
5. Which of the following is an example of logarithmic function?
A. y = 3log4 x B. logx 2 = 4 C. log2 x > 3 D. logx2 = 2
6. xlog2(x) – 2 >0 is an example of _______________________?
A. logarithmic equation C. Logarithmic inequality
B. logarithmic function D. Neither
7. What is the value of lne3?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
8. Expand log2 3x
3
A. 2log3x B. log 3x2 C. log2 3 + log2 x D. log2
𝑥
9. Solve log(x+3)+log(x)=1
A. −5, 2 B. 2 C. 7 D. 10
10. Determine the solution set for log2(2x + 3) > log2(x + 6).
A. (2, +∞) B. (-∞, 3) C. (3, +∞) D. (-∞, 2)

LESSON 1: Introduction to Logarithms

What’s In

Answer the following questions.

1. To which exponent must 2 be raised to get 8?
2. 5 to what power gives 625?
3. To which exponent must 3 be raised to get 81?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What’s New
Answer the following questions briefly:

Think about this!

To which exponent must 2 be raised to get 10?

1. Were you able to get the exponent at which 2 must be raised to get 10
easily? Why?
2. Does the exponent at which 2 must be raised an integer?
3. If the exponent is not an integer, what is your closest estimate for the
exponent at which 2 must be raised to get 10? Why?

xpo
What is It
From the activity in What’s In, the question “To which exponent must 2 be
raised to get 10? can be represented in exponential form as 2𝑦 = 10, where y
represents the unknown exponent.

We can estimate that the exponent (y) is between 3 and 4 because

23 = 8 and 24 = 16. To get a more accurate estimate we will apply logarithms.

A real number 𝑦 is called the logarithm of 𝑥, with base 𝑎 if 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑥.

In notation, we say that: 𝑦 = 𝑥 if and only if 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑥.

In the example, this number 𝑦 is the exponent at which the base (2)
should be raised to get a result of 10.

Therefore, we can write 2𝑦 = 10 in logarithm as 𝑦 = 10 which is

approximately equal to 3.32 using a scientific calculator.

To evaluate logarithms, the following basic properties of logarithms are useful.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
BASIC PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS
Definition:
Let b and x be real numbers such that b>0 and b≠ 1, the basic properties of
logarithms are the following:
1. 1 = 0
Since b>0, 1 means, a number (b) to what power gives 1 and that happens
only when the exponent (power) is zero. That is why 1 = 0
2. 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑏 𝑥 in exponential means, a number (b) to what power gives 𝑏 𝑥 and that
happens only when the exponent (power) of b is x. That is why 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 .
3. If x>0, then 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑥
To verify this property, suppose 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑦, which can be written as 𝑦 = 𝑥 and
this is true when x=y. That is why 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑥.

Examples:
Evaluate the following logarithms.

1. log 5 125
Solution: log 5 53 = 3 (using Property 2)
2. log 2 1
Solution: log 2 1 = 0 (Using Property 1)
3. log 7 343
Solution: log 7 73 = 3 (Using Property 2)
4. 3 34
log

Solution: 3log 34 = 4 (Using Property 3)

1
5.
2
1
Solution: suppose =𝑥
2

1 Change the logarithm to

4𝑥 = exponential form.
2
Solve the resulting exponential
22𝑥 = 2−1 equation by making the bases
equal.

Apply the property:

2x = -1
If 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 , then n = m
2𝑥 1
=− Divide both sides by 2 to solve for x.
2 2
1
x=-
2

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
6. Log 1000
Solution:
If the base is not indicated in the logarithm, it is called a common logarithm
whose base is 10. Log 1000 = 3 becomes 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔 103 = 3 (property 2)
1
7.
25
Solution:
1
becomes 5−2 = − 2 ( property 2)
25
4
8.
9
Solution:
4 3 −2
becomes ( ) = -2 (property 2)
9 2
9. ln 1
Solution:
The logarithm ln refers to the natural logarithm whose base is the natural
number e. ln 1 = 0 (property 1) because 𝑒 0 = 1
10. 𝑒 𝑙𝑛 2𝑥+1
Solution:
𝑒 𝑙𝑛 2𝑥+1 = 2𝑥 + 1 (property 3)

Note that:
A real number 𝑦 is called the logarithm of 𝑥, with base 𝑎 if 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑥.In notation,
we say that: 𝑦 = 𝑥 if and only if 𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑥. Thus, the function 𝑥 which can be
written as 𝑥 is called a Logarithmic function.

There are real life situations which can be solved using logarithmic functions.
A. Compound Interest
The times it takes for an investment to grow at a given compound
𝐴
𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑃)
interest rate (r) is given by the formula: 𝑡 = 𝑟
𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+𝑛)

Where:
P: principal amount
A: accumulated amount
r: interest rate
n: number of times a year the interest is paid
t: number of time intervals that have passed
Example:
How long will it take for a deposit of P10 000.00 to grow to
P35 000.00 at x% annual interest rate compounded monthly. Express the
time (t) as a function f(x).
Solution:
P= 10 000
A=35 000

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 r= x interest rate
n=12 (compounded monthly)
Substitute these given data in the problem into the formula:

𝐴
𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑃)
𝑡= 𝑟 Formula
𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+𝑛)
35 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔(10 000) Replace the given data into the formula.
𝑡= 𝑥
12𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+12)
35 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔(10 000) Replace t as f(x) to express the time (t) as
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
12𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+12) a function f(x).

B. The time it takes for the property to depreciate (decrease) in value at a given
𝑦
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑎)
rate of decrease is given by the formula 𝑡 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔(1− 𝑟)
Where:
y: value after the rate of decrease at the number of time intervals
that have passed.
a: initial value
r: rate of decrease
t: number of time intervals that have passed
Example:
In how many years will a television set depreciates from
P51 990.00 to P29 000.00 if the value decreases by m % annually. Express
the time (t) in terms of a function f(m).
Solution:
y=29 000
a=51 990
r= m%
Substitute these given data in the problem into the formula:

29 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (51 990)
𝑡=
𝑙𝑜𝑔(1− 𝑚)
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (
29 000
51 990
) Replace the given data into the formula.
𝑡=
𝑙𝑜𝑔(1− 𝑚)

29 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (51 990 ) Replace t by f(m) to express the time t as a
𝑓(𝑚) =
𝑙𝑜𝑔(1− 𝑚) function f(m).

C. The time it takes for the property to appreciate (increase) in value at a given
𝑦
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑎)
rate of increase is given by the formula 𝑡 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+ 𝑟)

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Where:
y: value after rate of increase at the number of time intervals
that have passed.
a: initial value
r: rate of increase
t: number of time intervals that have passed
Example:
In how many years will a set of gold jewelries to appreciate from
P500 000.00 to P900 000.00 if the value increases by m% annually.
Express the time (t) in terms of a function f(m).
Solution:
y = 900 000
a = 500 000
r = m%
Substitute these given data in the problem into the formula:
𝑦
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑎)
𝑡=
𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+ 𝑟)

900 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (500 000) Replace the given data into the formula.
𝑡=
𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+ 𝑚)

900 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (500 000) Replace t by f(m) to express the time t as a
𝑓(𝑚) =
𝑙𝑜𝑔(1+ 𝑚) function f(m)

What’s More

A. Change the following to Logarithmic form

1. 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐
2. 53 = 125
3. 3𝑥 = 5
B. Change the following to exponential form.
1. 𝑤=𝑧
2. 7=𝑥
3. 121 = 2
C. Evaluate the following
1. 7 6. 𝑒 𝑙𝑛 𝑥+3
4
2. 7. 5𝑥
25
3. 512 8. 10𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 2𝑥−5
1 1
4. 9.
8 3
1 1
5. 10.
2 81

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 D. Express the following situations as a function f(n).
1. A car is worth P1 345 000.00, after how many years will it cost P650 000.00
if the value depreciates by n% a year. Express the time (t) as a function f(n).
2. How long will it take P50 000.00 to quadruple, if it is invested in a savings
account that pays n% annual interest rate compounded semi-annually.
Express the time (t) in terms of a function f(n).
3. How many years will it take for a piece of land worth P1 000 000.00 to
double its value. If its value increases by n% yearly. Express the time (t) in
terms of a function f(n).

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks to make the given statement true.

Complete the sentence below.
1. Real-life situations can be modeled using logarithmic functions such as
____________, ________________and ________________.
2. The time it takes for an investment to grow at a given compound interest rate
is given by ______________.

3. The time it takes for the property to appreciate/increase to a desired value at a

given rate of increase is given by ____________.
4. The time it takes for the property to depreciate/decrease at a given rate of
decrease is given by ___________.

What I Can Do

A. Change the following to Logarithmic form

1. 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑧
2. 132 = 169
3. 3𝑛 = 5
B. Change the following to exponential form.
1. 𝑝 = 𝑠
2. 7 = 𝑚
3. 110 = 𝑛

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 C. Evaluate the following
1. 3 6. 𝑒 2𝑙𝑛 𝑥
7
2. 7. 53𝑥
9
3. 256 8. 103𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 2𝑥−5
1 1
4. 9.
5 3
1 1
5. 10.
2 243
D. Express the following situations as a function f(a).
1. A motorcycle is worth P345 000.00, after how many years will it cost P150
000.00 if it depreciates in value at a% a year. Express the time (t) as a
function f(a).
2. How long will it take for an investment of P500 000.00 to double, if it is
invested in a savings account that pays a% annual interest rate
compounded semi-annually. Express the time (t) in terms of a function f(a).
3. How long will it take for an antique collection worth P590 000.0 to
P1 000 000.00 if its value increases by a% yearly. Express the time (t) in
terms of a function f(a).

Rubrics for Scoring

Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with correct answers

10 points 75% correct solutions with incorrect answer.

5 points 50% correct solution with incorrect answer.

No point earned No output at all

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Assessment

Write the letter of the correct answer on a clean sheet of paper.

1. Change 3𝑥 = 5 to logarithm.
A. 5 = 𝑥 B. 3 = 𝑥 C. 𝑥 = 3 D. 5 = 3
2. How many years will it take for a motorcycle worth P120 000.00 to
depreciate to P89 990.00 if its value decreases by r % yearly? Express the
time (t) as a function f(r).
89 990 120 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (120 000) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 89 990 )
A. 𝑓(𝑟) = C. 𝑓(𝑟) =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1−𝑟) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1−𝑟)
89 990 120 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (120 000) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 89 990 )
B. 𝑓(𝑟) = D. 𝑓(𝑟) =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑟) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑟)
3. How long will it take for a deposit of 𝑃25 000.00 to grow to P42 000 at an
r% annual interest rate compounded quarterly? Express the time as a
function f(r).
42 000 25 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (25 000) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (42 000)
A) 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑟 C) 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑟
4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1−4) 4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1−4)
42 000 25 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (25 000) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (42 000)
B) 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑟 D) 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑟
4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+4) 4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+4)

4. How long will it take P25 000.00 to quadruple, if it is invested in a savings

account that pays w% annual interest rate compounded semi-annually.
Express the time in terms of a function p(w).
100 000 25 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
A) 𝑝(𝑤) = 25 000
𝑤 C) 𝑝(𝑤) = 100 000
𝑤
2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1− 2 ) 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1− 2 )
100 000 25 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 25 000 ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (100 000)
B) 𝑝(𝑤) = 𝑤 D) 𝑝(𝑤) = 𝑤
2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+ 2 ) 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+ 2 )

5. Juan Luna’s painting costs 46 million pesos. How long will it take for the
painting to cost 100 million pesos if its price increases by p% annually?
Express the time (t) as a function f (p).
100 000 000 46 000 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 46 000 000 ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (100 000 000)
A. 𝑓(𝑝) = C. 𝑓(𝑝) =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1−𝑝) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1−𝑝)
100 000 000 46 000 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 46 000 000 ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (100 000 000)
B. 𝑓(𝑝) = D. 𝑓(𝑝) =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑝) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑝)

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Additional Activities

Express the following situations as a function f(a).

1. How long will it take for a deposit of 𝑃250 000.00 to grow to P420 000 at
an a% annual interest rate compounded quarterly? Express the time as a
function f(a).
2. How many years will it take for the price of an e-bike to depreciate from
P179 990.00 to P139 500.00 if the value decreases by a% annually?
Express the time in terms of a function f(a).
3. How long will it take P250 000.00 to quadruple, if it is invested in a savings
account that pays a% annual interest rate compounded semi-annually.
Express the time in terms of a function f(a).

LESSON 2. Distinguishing Logarithmic Functions, Logarithmic

Equations, and Logarithmic Inequalities

What’s In

Rewrite the following exponential Rewrite the following logarithmic

equations in logarithmic form equations in exponential form

43 = 64 log x = y

Answer: Answer:
50 = 1 log5 25 = 2

Answer: Answer:
6x = 36 ln8 = x

Answer: Answer:
3-3 =
1 𝑙𝑜𝑔√6 6 = 2
27

Answer: Answer:

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Guide Questions:
1. How did you rewrite exponential equation into logarithmic form?
2. How did you rewrite logarithm equation into exponential equation?
3. What is a common logarithm?
4. What is a natural logarithm?

What’s New
Given in the table below are examples of Logarithmic functions, logarithmic
equations, and logarithmic inequalities.

Logarithmic Functions Logarithmic Equations Logarithmic Inequalities

𝑦=𝑥 𝑥 = 3 − 2𝑥 𝑥<4
𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1) = 3 5 − 2𝑥 > 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔
3
𝑙𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑦 (1 − 3𝑥) (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2)

Answer the following questions based on observation from the given examples in
the table.
1. What is a logarithmic function?
2. What is logarithmic equation?
3. What is logarithmic inequality?

What is It
Logarithmic Function: A function of the form f(x) = logb x (b > 0, b ≠ 1)

Examples: y = log3(2x+5)
f(x) = log2 x
g(x) = 3log3x

Logarithmic Equation: An equation involving logarithms.

Examples: logx 3 = 9
log2 x = 16
log x + log (x – 6) = 1

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Logarithmic Inequality: An inequality involving logarithms.

Examples: log4 x > 4

log(x+3)<2
xlog3 x>-5

What’s More

A. Determine if the following is a logarithmic function, a logarithmic equation, or

a logarithmic inequality.
1. log 4 (3x+1) < log 4 x + 1
2. lnx = 5
3. g(x) = logx2
4. log x2 = 8
5. y = log 3 20

What I Have Learned

Complete the statement/s. Write your answer on a clean sheet of paper.
1. __________________ is a function of the form f(x) = log b x (b > 0, b ≠ 1)
2. __________________ an equation involving logarithms.
3. __________________ an inequality involving logarithms.

What I Can Do

Determine whether the following is a logarithmic function, logarithmic equation,

or a logarithmic inequality.
1. (2𝑥 + 3) 6. 2𝑥
2. (𝑥 + 5) = 3 7. (3𝑥 + 1) < (𝑥 + 3)
3. (2𝑥 − 3) = (𝑥 + 5) 8. (𝑥 − 3) = 6
4. 3𝑥 > 3 9. 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑦
5. 𝑥 10. f(x)= ln x

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Assessment

Write the letter of the correct answer on a clean sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is an example of a logarithmic inequality?
A. y = 3log4 x B. logx 2 = 4 C. log2 x > 3 D. logx2 = 2
2. Which of the following is not a logarithmic function?
A. y = 3log4 x B. logx 2 = f(x) C. log2 x > y D. logx2 = g(x)
3. The following is logarithmic equation EXCEPT:
A. logx 2 = 4 B. logx2 = 2 C. log3 (3x – 2) = 2 D. log2 x > 3
4. Which of the following is an example of logarithmic function?
A. y = 3log4 x B. logx 2 = 4 C. log2 x > 3 D. logx2 = 2
For item number 5 – 10. Determine whether the given is a logarithmic function,
equation, and inequality.
5. logx2 = 2+x
A. logarithmic equation C. Logarithmic inequality
B. logarithmic function D. Neither
6. (2𝑥 + 3) + 3𝑥 < 10
A. logarithmic equation C. Logarithmic inequality
B. logarithmic function D. Neither
7. g(x) = log2 x:
A. logarithmic equation C. Logarithmic inequality
B. logarithmic function D. Neither
8. xlog2(x) – 2 >0:
A. logarithmic equation C. Logarithmic inequality
B. logarithmic function D. Neither
9. log(5x) = 2log4:
A. logarithmic equation C. Logarithmic inequality
B. logarithmic function D. Neither
10. logx = 8:
3

A. logarithmic equation C. Logarithmic inequality

B. logarithmic function D. Neither

14
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Additional Activities

Determine whether the following is a logarithmic function, logarithmic equation,

or a logarithmic inequality.
1
1. log9 =x
9
2. log 6 216>1 − 2𝑥
3. 2𝑥 + 5 = 𝑥
4. f(x)=𝑥
5. y = ln e(3x)

LESSON 3. Laws of Logarithms and Solving Logarithmic Equations

What’s In
Solve the following exponential equations:
1. 32x = 81
2. 4x + 1 = 8x
3. 2x – 3 = 32
4. 2x = 5
Guide Questions:
1. How did you solve for the value of x for item numbers 1-3?
2. Can we solve item number 4 using concepts of exponential function?
3. How do we solve logarithmic equation?

What’s New

Use the properties to find the Write your answer here and state
value of the following the property is used.
1. log 4 43
2. ln e -3
3. log6 1
4. eln 2
5. log 10x+2

15
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What is It
Let us consider the following Laws of Logarithms which are useful in solving
logarithmic equations.

Laws of Logarithms

Let b > 0, b 1 and let n R. For u > 0, v > 0, then

1. log b (uv) = log b u + log b v

2. = log b u – log b v

3. log bun = n log b u

4. log b u =

These laws of logarithms can be proven following the laws of exponents

since logarithms are exponents.
1. Logarithm of a product: The logarithm of a product (𝑢𝑣 ) is equal to
the sum of the logarithms of its factors (𝑢 + 𝑣 ).
(𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 + 𝑣
Proof:
Let: 𝑥 = 𝑢 and 𝑣
𝑥 = 𝑢 ⟺ 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑢 Definition of logarithm
𝑦=𝑣 ⟺𝑏 =𝑣 𝑦 Definition of logarithm
(u)(v)=(𝑏 𝑥 )(𝑏 𝑦 ) Multiplication property of equality
uv=𝑏 𝑥+𝑦
Law of exponent (𝑎𝑚 )(𝑎𝑛 ) = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛
(𝑢𝑣 ) = 𝑥 + 𝑦 Definition of logarithm
(𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 + 𝑣 Substitution
𝑢
2. Logarithm of a quotient: The logarithm of a quotient (𝑣 ) is equal to
the logarithm of the numerator 𝑢 ) minus the logarithm of the
denominator (𝑣 ).
𝑢
(𝑣 ) = 𝑢 − 𝑣
Proof:
Let: 𝑥 = 𝑢 and 𝑣

16
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 𝑥 = 𝑢 ⟺ 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑢 Definition of logarithm
𝑦 = 𝑣 ⟺ 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑣 Definition of logarithm
𝑢 𝑏𝑥 Division property of equality
(𝑣 )=(𝑏𝑦 )
𝑢
=𝑏 𝑥−𝑦 Law of exponent (𝑎𝑚 ) ÷ (𝑎𝑛 ) = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
𝑣
𝑢
(𝑣 ) = 𝑥 − 𝑦 Definition of logarithm
𝑢 Substitution
( )=𝑢−𝑣
𝑣
3. Logarithm of a power: The logarithm of a power 𝑢𝑛 is equal to the
product of the exponent (n) and the logarithm of u with the base b.
𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢
Proof:
Let: 𝑢 = 𝑥
𝑏𝑥 = 𝑢 Definition of logarithm
𝑛𝑥
𝑏 =𝑢 𝑛 Raise both sides by the exponent n
𝑛
𝑢 = 𝑛𝑥 Definition of logarithm
𝑢𝑛 = (𝑢) 𝑛 Replace x by 𝑢
𝑛
𝑢 = 𝑛(𝑢) Commutative property of multiplication
4. Change of base formula for logarithm
𝑢
𝑢=𝑏
Proof:
Let: 𝑢 = 𝑦
𝑏𝑦 = 𝑢 Definition of logarithm
𝑏𝑦 = 𝑢 Take the logarithm on both sides of the
equation using the same base.
𝑏=𝑢 Apply logarithm of a product on the left-
hand side of the equation.
𝑢
𝑦= Solve for y by dividing both sides of the
𝑏
equation by 𝑏 .
𝑢
𝑢 =𝑏 Replace y by 𝑢 .

17
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Example 1. Use the properties of logarithms to expand each expression.
a. log(2x3)
Solution:
log (2x3) = log 2 + log x3 Logarithm of a product
3
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2𝑥 ) = log 2 + 3logx Logarithm of a power
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥3 = 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
2 3
b. ( ) Solution:
𝑥
2 3 2 Logarithm of a power
( ) = 3∙( )
𝑥 𝑥

2 3 Logarithm of a quotient
( ) = 3 ∙ (2 − 𝑥 )
𝑥
2 3 Distributive property of
( ) = 32 − 3𝑥
𝑥 multiplication.

c. ln[(2)(x+2)]

Solution:
ln[(2)(x+2)] = ln2 + ln(x+2) Logarithm of a product

Example 2. Use the properties of logarithm to condense the expressions as a

single logarithm.
a. log 3 + log 4
Solution:
log 3 + log 4 = log (3)(4) Logarithm of a product
= log 12 Simplify
b. 3lnx – 2lny
Solution:
lnx3 – lny2 Logarithm of a power
3lnx=ln𝑥 3 and 2lny = ln𝑦 2
𝑥3 Logarithm of a quotient
ln 2
𝑦

c. log 2 (x3) – 4log 2 x

Solution:
log 2 (x3) – 4log 2 x = log 2 x3 – log 2 x4 Logarithm of a power
4𝑥 = 𝑥 4
𝑥3 Logarithm of a quotient
=( 4 )
𝑥
1
=( ) Simplify
𝑥
=𝑥 −1
= −𝑥 Rewrite
1
to 𝑥 −1 and apply logarithm
𝑥
of a power to get −𝑥

18
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Aside from the Laws of Logarithms, the property of logarithmic equations
is also helpful in solving logarithmic equations.

Property of logarithmic Equations

If b>1, then the logarithmic function y = log b x is increasing for all x. If 0<b<1,
then the logarithmic function y = logb x is decreasing for all x. This means that log
b u = log b v if and only if u = v.

Steps in Solving Logarithmic Equations

1. Isolate the logarithmic term on one side of the equation.
2. Change the logarithm into an exponential form.
3. Solve for the unknown variable by applying either the properties of
logarithm and/or laws of logarithm.
4. Check for extraneous solution.

Example 3: Solve each equation.

1. 16 = 𝑥 − 2

Solution:
There is no need to isolate the logarithmic term on one of the equation, since 16
is already isolated on the left-hand side of the equation

x-2 = 4 Simplify 16 = 4
x–2+2=4+2 Add 2 to both sides of the equation
to solve for x and simplify.
x=6

Alternative solution:
2𝑥−2 =16 Change 16 = 𝑥 − 2 to exponential
form.
2𝑥−2 =24 Change 16 to 24 to make the bases
the same (base 2)
x-2 = Apply the rule:
If 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛 , then m = n
x–2+2=4+2 Add 2 to both sides of the equation
and simplify to solve for x.
x=6

To check if x = 6 is a solution of 16 = 𝑥 − 2
16 = 6 − 2 Replace x by 6 and simplify.
16 = 4 16 = 4 which is equal to the right-
hand side of the equation.
4=4 True statement

Therefore, x = 6 is a solution of 16 = 𝑥 − 2 .

19
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
2. log 3 5x = log 3 15
There is no need to isolate the logarithmic term on one side of the equation
because 5𝑥 is already isolated on the left-hand side of the equation.
Solution:
log 3 5x = log 3 15 One-to-one property
5x = 15 Divide both sides by 5 and simplify
to solve for x.
x=3

To check if x = 3 is a solution of log 3 5x = log 3 15

log 3 5(3) = log 3 15 Replace x by 3 and simplify.
log 3 15 = log 3 15 One to one property of logarithm.
15 = 15 True statement

Therefore x = 3 is a solution of log 3 5x = log 3 15.

1
3. log5 = 3x – 2
125
Solution:
53x – 2 =
1 Change to exponential equation.
125
53x – 2 = 5-3 1
125
1
= 3 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑤𝑤 5−3
5
3x – 2 = -3 Apply the rule:
If 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎𝑛 then m = n
3x – 2 + 2 = -3 + 2 Add 2 to both sides of the equation
to solve for x and simplify.
3x = -1 Divide both sides by 3 and simplify.
1
x=−
3

Alternative solution:
-3 = 3x - 2 Evaluate log5
1
𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 − 3
125
-3 + 2 = 3x – 2 + 2 Add 2 to both sides of the equation
and simplify.
-1 = 3x or 3x = -1 Commutative property of equality
3𝑥 Divide both sides of the equation by
=
3 3 and simplify to solve for x.
−1
x=
3

−1 1
To check if x = is a solution of log5 = 3x – 2.
3 125

1 1 1
log5 = 3(− ) – 2 Replace x by − and simplify.
125 3 3
1 1
log5 = -3 Evaluate log5 which is equal to -3
125 125
-3 = -3 True statement

20
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 1 1
Therefore x = − is a solution of log5 = 3x – 2.
3 125

4. log x 64 = 2
Solution:
x2 = 64 Change to exponential equation.
x = ±√64 Get the ± square root of 64 because
there are two values of x which when
squared is 64.
x = + 8 and -8

From the definition of logarithmic function, f(x) = logb x (b > 0, b ≠ 1)

The base x in the logarithmic equation log x 64 = 2 must be (x>0, x≠ 1). The
solution x=-8 is an extraneous solution.

To check if x=8 is a solution of log x 64 = 2

64 = 2 Replace x by 8 and simplify.
2 = 2 True statement Evaluate 64 is equal to 2.

Thus, x = 8 is a solution of log x 64 = 2.

5. log x = 3
Solution:
log x = 3 Change to exponential equation. If
the base is not indicated in the
logarithm log x, understood the base
is 10 and it is called a common
logarithm.
x = 103 Simplify 103
x = 1000

To check if x=1000 is a solution of log x = 3.

Log 1000 = 3 Replace x by 1000 and simplify.
3 = 3 True statement Evaluate Log 1000 which is equal to
3.
Thus, x = 1000 is a solution of log x = 3.

6. 𝑚 + (𝑚 − 2) = 3
𝑚(𝑚 − 2) = 3 Logarithm of a product
m(m-2) =23 Change the logarithm to exponential
form.
𝑚2 − 2𝑚 = 8 Multiply
𝑚2 − 2𝑚 + (−8) = 8 + (−8) Set the equation to zero by adding -8
to both sides of the equation and
simplify.

21
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 𝑚2 − 2𝑚 − 8 = 0 Solve the resulting quadratic
equation either by the quadratic
formula or by factoring (if it is
factorable)
(m-4)(m+2) = 0 Factor the left-hand side of the
equation.
m – 4 = 0 or m + 2 = 0 Set each factor to zero and solve for
m.
m = 4 or m = - 2

When m=-2 it will result to a logarithm of a negative number to the base 2 which
is undefined. Therefore m = -2 is an extraneous solution.

To check if m=4 is a solution of 𝑚 + (𝑚 − 2) = 3

4 + (4 − 2) = 3 Replace m by 4 and simplify.
4+2 = 3 Evaluate each logarithm by applying
the properties of logarithm.
4 = 22 = 2 and 2 = 1
2+1=3
3 = 3 True statement The left hand side of the equation is
equal to the right hand of the
equation which are both equal 3.
Thus, m = 4 is a solution of 𝑚 + (𝑚 − 2) = 3 .

What’s More
A. Use the properties of logarithms to expand each expression:

1. log b x2 √𝑦
𝑥3
2. log ( 4 )
𝑦

B. Use the properties of logarithms to condense the expression as a single

logarithm.

1
1. logx – 2log y
3
2. log5 x3 + log5 x
C. Solve each equation.
1. logx 9 = 2
2. log3 243 = 4x – 1

22
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Have Learned

Fill in the Blank:

1. The log b (uv) = ___________________________
2. The log b (u/v) = __________________________
3. The log b un = ____________________________
4. The log b u = ____________________________
5. The value of x in log4 256 = x2 – 3x is __________________________.

What I Can Do

1. Solve for x in each of the following logarithmic equations.

a. log25 125 = 6 – 4x

b. 2x = 7

2. Give your own 2 logarithmic equations and solve for x.

Rubrics for Scoring

Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with correct answers

10 points 75% correct solutions with incorrect answer.

5 points 50% correct solution with incorrect answer.

No point earned No output at all

23
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Assessment

Write the letter of the correct answer on a clean sheet of paper.

1. Expand log(xy2) in terms of the logarithms of the factors.
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
A. logx + log y B. 2logx+logy C. logx + logy2 D.
2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦
2. Simplify: log 2 + log 4
A. log 2+4 B. 2log4 C. log6 D. log 8
1
3. Solve logx8=- .
2
1
A. -64 B. -16 C. D. 4
64
4. Solve log(x+3)+log(x)=1
A. −5, 2 B. 2 C. 7 D. 10
5. 3lnx – 2lny: Use the properties of logarithm to condense the expressions as a
single logarithm.
𝑥3 𝑦3
A. ln B. 6lnxy C. lnx3+lny2 D. ln
𝑦2 𝑥2
6. Expand log2 3x
3
A. 2log3x B. log 3x2 C. log2 3 + log2 2 D. log2
𝑥
7. Solve for x: log3 x = 3
A. 1 B. 3 C. 9 D. 27
8. What is log3 (x+1) = 1
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
9. Solve for x: log5 x = 5
A. 1 B. 5 C. 25 D. 125
10. What is ln x = -1
A. e B. e-1 C. 0 D. 1

Additional Activities

Use the Change – of – Base Formula and compute the approximate value.
1. log 5 12 ( change to the base 10)

1
2. log4 ( change to base 2)
8

3. 5x = 120

4. log7 343 = x

5. 4x = 112

24
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Lesson 4. Solving Logarithmic Inequalitites

What’s In
Evaluate each of the following:
1. log2 16 Answer: ______________________

2. log5 1 Answer: ______________________

1
3. log3 Answer: _______________________
729

4. log6 36 Answer: ______________________

5. log25 5 Answer: ______________________

Guide Questions:
1. What are the properties of logarithms?
2. What are the laws of logarithms?

What’s New
Solve for x: Solve for x:
3x + 1 > 27 52x - 1 ≤ 125

3x + 1 > 33 52x -1 ≤ 53

x+1>3 2x - 1 ≤ 3

x>3–1 2x ≤ 4

x>2
x≤2

The table above showed how to solve exponential inequalities. Do you think
solving exponential inequality is the same with solving logarithmic inequality?
Discuss your answer.

25
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What is It

Aside from using the properties above, logarithmic inequalities can be solved
using the following:

❖ 𝑥 > 𝑦 is same as x > 𝑏 𝑦 or

❖ 𝑥 < 𝑦 is same as x < 𝑏 𝑦
❖ If 𝑥 = 𝑦 then, x = y

To solve logarithmic inequalities:

1. Convert the logarithm to exponential form,

2. Solve the resulting inequality,
3. Exclude values that will result to log 0 and logarithm of a negative number
and
4. Check if the solution set satisfies the logarithmic inequality.

Example 1: 3x > 3

Solution:
3x > 3 can be written as x> log33
x > log3 3 Apply property 2 since the base b>1
Simplify
3=1
x>1

To check if the solution x > 1 satisfies the inequality 3x > 3, take a test value in
the solution set and solve if the test value satisfies the inequality.

Suppose we take x = 2

32 > 3 Replace x by 3 and simplify.

9 > 3 True statement

Thus, x > 1 is solution of the inequality 3x > 3.

26
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
From the solution x > 1
Thus, the solution set of the inequality is {𝑥 / 𝑥 > 1 } or in interval notation (1, +
∞).

Example 2: Solve log 2 (4x – 2) > log 2 (x – 3)

Solution:
log 2 (4x – 2) > log 2 (x – 3) Given
4x – 2 > x – 3 Apply property 2 since the base
b>1
3x > -1 Simplify by combining similar terms
x> −
1 Divide both sides by 3 to solve for x.
3

But the solution of log 2 (4x – 2) is (2, +∞) and the solution of log 2 (x – 3)
is (3, +∞). To determine the solution of log 2 (4x – 2) > log 2 (x – 3) we need to get
1
the intersection of the three solution sets (− , +∞), (2, +∞), and (3, +∞).
3
Thus, the solution is (3, +∞)

Example 3: Solve log2 (2x + 1) < 3

Solution:
2x + 1 < 23 Change to exponential form
2x + 1 < 8 Simplify 23 as 8
2x + 1 + (-1) < 8 + (-1) Add -1 to both sides of the
inequality and simplify.
2x < 7 Divide both sides of the inequality
by 2 and simplify.
7
x<
2
7
From the solution set x < , we need to exclude values that will result to log 0
2
and logarithm of a negative number and that happens when 2x + 1 ≤ 0, whose
1
solution set is x ≤ − .
2
1
To determine the solution set, we need to exclude the solution set x ≤ − from
2
7
the computed solution set x < .
2
1 7 1 7
Thus, the solution is {𝑥 / − < 𝑥 < } or in interval notation (− , ).
2 2 2 2

Example 4: log4 9 > 2log4 x

Solution:
log49 > log4 x2 Apply logarithm of a power
2log4 x = log4 x2
9 > x2 or x2 < 9 Apply one-to-one property of
logarithm
x2 -9 < 0 Add -9 to both sides of the
critical values are inequality and solve the resulting
x = 3 or x = -3 quadratic inequality using
inspection of signs.
Since x > 0, hence, 0 < x < 3 or (0,3)

27
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What’s More

Solve the following inequalities:

1 1
1. ( )𝑥 <
3 9

2. log3 (3x – 2) < 2

3. log2 x+ 3 ≥ log2 (1 – x)

What I Have Learned

Fill in the Blank:
1. Write 5x > 25 in logarithmic inequality form: ________________________.
2. The solution set for 5x > 25 is ___________________________________.
3. If 0 < b < 1, then x1 < x2 if and only if ______________________________.
4. If b > 1, then x1 < x2 if and only if ________________________________.
5. The solution of log2 x + log2 (x+2) ≤ log2(x + 6) is ____________________.

What I Can Do

Solve the following inequalities:

1. 4x + 2 > 3

2. log3 (x – 1)2 > 2

Rubrics for Scoring

Score Description

15 points Complete solutions with correct answers

10 points 75% correct solutions with incorrect answer.

5 points 50% correct solution with incorrect answer.

No point earned No output at all

28
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Assessment

Write the letter of the correct answer on clean sheet of paper.

1. Find the solution to 4x > 8.
A. A. (2, +∞) B. (-∞, 3) C. (3, +∞) D. (-∞, 2)
1 1
2. Solve for ( )2𝑥 ≥ .
5 25
A. (1, +∞) B. (-∞, 1) C. (2, +∞) D. (-∞, 2)
3. Solve for x: log4(2x) = log48
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
4. Solve log3 (2x – 2) > 1
A. x > 3 B. x < -3 C. x > 5 D. x < -5
5. Solve for x in the inequality log3 x ≥ 2.
A. x ≥ 3 B. x ≥ 6 C. x ≥ 9 D. x ≥ 27
6. Find the solution to the given exponential inequality 2 x > 2.
A. (1, +∞) B. (-∞, 1) C. (2, +∞) D. (-∞, 2)
1 1
7. Which of the is the solution of ( )2𝑥 ≥ ?
3 9
A. (1, +∞) B. (-∞, 1) C. (2, +∞) D. (-∞, 2)
8. Solve log 5 (x+3) > 1.
A. (1, +∞) B. (-∞, 1) C. (2, +∞) D. (-∞, 2)
9. Determine the solution set for log2(2x + 3) > log2(x + 6).
A. (2, +∞) B. (-∞, 3) C. (3, +∞) D. (-∞, 2)
10. Solve for log2 (2x+1) > log2(x+3).
A. (2, +∞) B. (-∞, 3) C. (3, +∞) D. (-∞, 2)

Additional Activities

1. Solve for x : log3 x + log3 6 ≥ 2

2. Find the solution set of log3 x – 3log3 2 ≤ 1.

29
DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 SUMMATIVE TEST

Write the letter of the correct answer on a clean sheet of paper.

1. Change 3𝑚 = 15 to logarithm.
A. 3 = 𝑚 B. 15 = 𝑚 C. 𝑦 = 15 D. 𝑦 = 3
2. What is the value of lne ? 5

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
3. Evaluate 729
1 1
A. -3 B. − C. D. 3
3 3
4. Which of the following is an example of logarithmic function?
A. y = 3log4 (x+5) B. logx 8 = 4 C. log2 x > 9 D. logx2 < 16
5. How long will it take for a deposit of 𝑃250 000.00 to grow to P320 000 at
r% annual interest rate compounded quarterly? Express the time as a
function f(r).
320 000 250 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
A. 𝑓(𝑟) = 250 000
𝑟 C. 𝑓(𝑟) = 320 000
𝑟
4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+ ) 4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+ )
4 4
320 000 250 000
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (250 000) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (320 000)
B. 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑟 D. 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑟
4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1 − 4) 4𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1 − 4)

6. The following represents a logarithmic equation EXCEPT:

A. logx 2 = 4 B. logx2 = 2 C. ln (3x – 2) = 2 D. log3 (x+3) < 9
7. xlog2(2x + 5 < 0 is an example of _______________________?
A. logarithmic equation C. Logarithmic inequality
B. logarithmic function D. Neither
8. Determine the solution set for log2(x + 5) > log2(2x + 3).
3 3 3 3
A. ( , 2) B. (− , 2) C. (−2, ) D. (−2, − )
2 2 2 2
9. Expand log2 5x
3
A. 2log3x B. log 3x2 - 5 C. log2 5 + log2 x D. log2
𝑥
10. Solve log(4x)+log(x)=1
1 1 1
A. ± B. − C. D. 2
2 2 2

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 References

L. Dimasuay, J. Alcala, and J. Palacio. General Mathematics.2016: C & E

Publishing Inc.,

General Mathematics: Published by the Department of Education

Chan. Miro. And Quiming. General mathematics: Published and Printed by Vibal
Group Inc.

https://www.shelovesmath.com/algebra/advanced-algebra/exponential-functions/

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 Development Team of the Module
Writers:
Rowena R. Adagio (Parang High School)
Chona F. Arenque (Malanday National High School)
Joel C. Hagos (Fortune High School)
Evelyn E. Seroy (Marikina High School)
Editors:
Annalyn C. Santos (Marikina Science High School-Head Teacher III)
Olive R. Lomibao, (Sta. Elena High School-Head Teacher III)
Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
Ma. Victoria Ambas, (MSHS)
Internal Reviewer:
Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
Freddie D. Viernes (Public School District Supervisor)
External Validator:
Kervin Ray G. Torrente (Ateneo De Manila University-ABM Coordinator)
Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989