PRACTICE TEST

Rewrite the following sentences, using the word given

1. Nuts can cause a violent allergic reaction. (Triggered)
…………………………………………………………………….
2. An accident at the power station could cause large amounts of radiation being released. (Result)
…………………………………………………………………….
Sleep deprivation can cause mental disorders (culprit)
…………………………………………………………………….
The combined efforts of both the press and the public will create a change in the law. (bring)
…………………………………………………………………….
COVID-19 causes a lot of deaths worldwide. (underlying)
…………………………………………………………………….
3. The doctors have said the cause of the illness to an unknown virus. (attributed)
……………………………………………………………………
4. The author believed the enormous success of his latest book was due to his hard work. (ascribed)
…………………………………………………………………….

SECTION B: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. Write your answer in the space
provided.
I. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. In spite of his owner’s cruelty, the dog ………………… no grudge against humans.
A. takes B. bears C. carries D. supports
2. Some of the cattle were placed in quarantine for fear of the disease being ………………… .
A. contractual B. contagious C. congenital D. contentious
3. They were married ……………….. .
A. secret B. in secret C. in a secret D. in the secret
4. The mechanic explained in great ……………….. .
A. clarity B. information C. detail D. example
5. Her ability, ………………… with a determination to succeed, should make her very successful.
A. connected B. coupled C. joined D. related
6. We shall be competing ………………… some of the best teams in the country.
A. over B. against C. between D. beside
7. They said they were happy they had put their trust ………………… me.
A. in B. on C. on to D. with
8. There is a large car park ……………….. to the station.
A. across B. by C. right D. close
9. Why don’t you do something worthwhile with your time instead of just ……………….. it!
A. spending B. using C. wasting D. passing
10. But why did the police suspect you? It just does not make ……………….. to me.
A. reason B. right C. sense D. truth
11. My car was so old that I could only sell it for ..................... .
A. scrap B. rubbish C. debris D. waste
12. The country’s wealth comes chiefly from its many ..................... .
A. herd of cattle B. herd of cattles C. herds of cattles D. herds of cattle
13. We looked everywhere but the intruder was nowhere ……………….. .
A. to be seen B. seen C. to see D. having seen
14. I looked up their number in the telephone ……………….. .
A. directory B. list C. guide D. catalogue
15. ……………….. what most people say about him, he has a very good sense of humour.
A. Contrary to B. Against C. Opposite to D. Opposing
16. Send for our free brochure by ……………….. the coupon below.
A. filling B. responding C. answering D. completing
17. Children can be difficult to teach because of their short attention ………………..
 A. limit B. span C. duration D. time
18. He isn’t ……………….. run the business alone.
A. capable of B. good at C. able to D. used to
19. They were left a lot of money in their aunt’s ……………….. .
A. testament B. will C. heritage D. against
20. I know it’s not sunny now; ……………….. I shall take my sunglasses.
A. as though B. even so C. although D. even though

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each
of the following exchanges.
Question 21: Linh: "How often does your brother have to do a night shift?"
Mary: " ______________ "
A. Usually by car, but sometimes he cycles. B. Three times a week, but sometimes twice.
C. He often starts work at 6, and sometimes at 7. D. Not much, only a couple of hours every day.
Question 22: John: "___________"
Lucy: "Great. I have twenty students and they can speak English very well."
A. How is your class this term?
B. How many students in your class can speak English?
C. What are you going to do this term?
D. What is the problem with your English students?
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 23: You must drive it home to him that spending too much time playing computer games will do
him no good.
A. let him drive his car B. make him understand
C. allow him to stay D. give him a lift home
Question 24: Young people often dispense with the traditional ceremonies of marriage. They think
weddings are money-consuming and nonsensical.
A. do away with B. pay no attention to
C. ignore D. put an end
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 25: Many of us fret about ways in which modern technology distances us from understanding and
keeping our customs and traditions.
A. no worry about B. feel like
C. get involved in D. are unconcerned about
Question 26: Because of her conservative views, the professor never accepts anything not related to
traditional values and the status.
A. conservational B. progressive C. modern D. economic

II. Complete each of the following sentences using the correct form of the word in brackets.
A.
1. The swimming pool is advertising itself as a ‘______ swimming paradise’! 1. TROPICAL
2. Leave out the old newspapers so that they’ll be ______ by the local 2. CYCLE
council.
3. Never ______ the cunning of a black bear – he is very clever. 3. ESTIMATE
4. This meat is ____ - look, it’s charred on the outside! 4. COOK
5. I think this printer has ______ its usefulness and should be sold. 5. LIVE
6. Some companies are fighting for ______ of the software market. 6. DOMINATE
7. I was suddenly overcome with a(n) ______ desire to hit him. 7.CONTROL
8. “I’m sorry I’m late,” he murmured ______ . 8. APOLOGIZE
9. As I didn’t have a suitable ______ I decided to back down and apologise. 9. ARGUMENT
10. In the nursing profession, women are in the ______ . 10. MAJOR

III. Read the following text which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the errors and write the corrections in the
corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
 Line
1 Many people want to know whether cycling is better than running or walking as an
2 exercise for health or weight loss. Not surprising, it turns out that all three
3 activities are excellent forms of exercise. While they are similar in which they are
4 all rhythmic aerobic activities working large muscle masses, there are also
5 significant differences. In general, in the three, running burns more calories per
6 minute. Considering a person who weighs 150 pounds. According to the National
7 Academy of Exercise, this person running at an average pace with seven minutes
8 per mile burn approximately 1,000 calories per hour. This compares to about 850
9 calories per hour for cycling at modest speed of 16 –19 miles per hour, and just
10 360 calories per hour for walking 15-minute miles, which is considered average
11 speed. While running might be more efficient at burning calories than either
12 cycling and walking, it also leads to significantly more injuries, especially ones of
13 the knees and other joint. Both cycling and walking are much gentler on the body.
14 All three activities improve aerobic fitness, which is closely linked to a reducing
15 risk of chronic disease and longer life span.

SECTION D: READING COMPREHENSION

Passage 1: Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
As time passes, the power of newspapers seems to be on the (1)……………… . This is odd because in the
relatively (2)……………… past people were predicting that the influence of the written word would
diminish in direct proportion to the rate of increase of the spoken word and moving image through TV and
video. The Internet, cable and satellite television, Teletext and multi-media computers in (3)………………
other home should surely have done for newspapers by now, particularly alongside a perceptible resurgence
in the audiences for news-carrying radio stations. How have these organs survived, let alone (4)
………………, particularly on a Sunday? Why do people who have seen a football or tennis match live or
on the small screen rush the next day to read a (5)……………… version of it in four or five columns which
surely cannot mean more to the reader than that self-same viewer of the previous afternoon or evening? Why
would anyone who has seen a film and formed a (6)……………… impression of it the following day read a
review of the (7)……………… film in a newspaper? To see if he/ she is right? Isn’t that what friends are
for? Don’t we have colleagues for just that purpose – to see if our ideas on any (8)……………… song, film
or programme tally with others? What is this product that (9)……………… of not much more than
outrageous headlines, wayward comment, subjective editorials and hyperbolic sports pages still doing in our
lives? It seems for the time being to be leading a charmed life. When it finally goes, though, many may
come to mourn its (10)……………… .
1. A. increase B. rise C. expansion D. build
2. A. latest B. distant C. immediate D. recent
3. A. all B. any C. every D. one
4. A. flourished B. bloomed C. flowered D. rooted
5. A. curtailed B. cut C. reduced D. potted
6. A. vivid B. coloured C. bright D. direct
7. A. latter B. aforesaid C. previous D. above-mentioned
8. A. given B. taken C. subjected D. written
9. A. comprises B. contains C. consists D. informs
10. A. perishing B. dying C. falling D. passing

Part 2. For questions 1-10, read the text below and think of word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE
word in each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 pts)
Men and women are different. It is a premise universally accepted, 1. _________ the subsequent argument
concerning access to equal opportunities. However, what is beginning to emerge is just how wide the gap is
between the sexes.
2. _________ recently, it had been thought that many of the hundreds of genes on the X and Y
chromosomes were inactive, a consequence of damage during the 3. _________ of combination and
recombination which leads to the creation of a new human being. It was believed that 4. _________ one of
 the two X chromosomes in women was active and 5. _________ there were none on the Y chromosomes on
men, 6. _________ the result that both sexes would be comparable to 7. _________ one working X
chromosome.
Now, it is known that both X chromosomes in women 8. _________ to a women's genetic inheritance, while
startling new evidence shows that the Y chromosome is 9. _________ from inactive. This means that men
and women differ 10. _________ as much as one to two percent of their genomes, an astounding figure
when considering that there is only a 1.5% difference between a man and a male chimpanzee, or a woman
and a female chimpanzee.

Part 3. Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the
text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 pts)
Paragraph Decisions
In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of
selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation. []4A.
Decisions are formed by a decision maker, the one who actually chooses the final
option, in conjunction with a decision unit, all of those in the organization around the
1 decision maker who take part in the process. []4B. In this theoretical model, the
members of the decision unit react to an unidentified problem by studying the problem,
determining the objectives of the organization, formulating options, evaluating the
strengths and weaknesses of each of the options, and reaching a conclusion. []4C.
Many different factors can have an effect on the decision, including the nature of the
problem itself, external forces exerting an influence on the organization, the internal
dynamics of the decision unit, and the personality of the decision maker. []4D
During recent years, decision making has been studied systematically by drawing
from such diverse areas of study as psychology, sociology, business, government,
history, mathematics, and statistics. Analyses of decisions often emphasize one of three
2 principal conceptual perspectives (though often the approach that is actually employed
is somewhat eclectic).
In the oldest of the three approaches, decisions are made by a rational actor, who
makes a particular decision directly and purposefully in response to a specific threat
from the external environment. It is assumed that this rational actor has clear objectives
3 in mind, develops numerous reasonable options, considers the advantages and
disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after careful analysis,
and then proceeds to implement it fully. A variation of the rational actor model is a
decision maker who is a satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rather
than continuing the decision-making process until the optimal decision has been
reached.
A second perspective places an emphasis on the impact of routines on decisions
within organizations. It demonstrates how organizational structures and routines such
as standard operating procedures tend to limit the decision-making process in a variety
of ways, perhaps by restricting the information available to the decision unit, by
restricting the breadth of options among which the decision unit may choose, or by
inhibiting the ability of the organization to implement the decision quickly and
effectively once it has been taken. Pre-planned routines and standard operating
4 procedures are essential to coordinate the efforts of large numbers of people in massive
organizations. However, these same routines and procedures can also have an
inhibiting effect on the ability of the organization to arrive at optimal decisions and
implement them efficiently. In this sort of decision-making process, organizations tend
to take not the optimal decision but the decision that best fits within the permitted
operating parameters outlined by the organization.
A third conceptual perspective emphasizes the internal dynamics of the decision
unit and the extent to which decisions are based on political forces within the
organization. This perspective demonstrates how bargaining among individuals who
have different interests and motives and varying levels of power in the decision unit
lead to eventual compromise that is not the preferred choice of any of the members of
 5 the decision unit.
Each of these three perspectives on the decision-making process demonstrates a
different point of view on decision making, a different lens through which the decision-
making process can be observed. It is safe to say that decision making in most
organizations shows marked influences from each perspective; i.e., an organization
strives to get as close as possible to the rational model in its decisions, yet the internal
6 routines and dynamics of the organization come into play in the decision.

1. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that the theoretical decision-making process
A. involves only the decision maker
B. requires the contemplation of numerous options.
C. is made without the decision unit
D. does not work in real situations
2. The phrase in conjunction with in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
A. along with B. tied to C. apart from D. connected to
3. All of the following are listed in paragraph 1 as having an effect on decisions EXCEPT
A. evaluation of the problem B. focus on objectives
C. generation of options D. open-ended discussions
4. Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage
Additionally, when a decision must be made in a crisis situation, both stress and the speed at which events
are progressing can have an effect, often a negative one, on the decision process.
5. The word eclectic in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. bizarre B. personal C. mixed D. organized
6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that a rational actor would be least likely to
A. deal with a specific threat B. work in a random fashion
C. ponder various options D. consider disadvantages of options
7. The word it in paragraph 3 refers to
A. each option B. the best option C. careful analysis D. variation
8. Why does the author mention a satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rather than
continuing the decision-making process until the optimal decision has been reached in paragraph 3?
A. A satisfier shows contrasting behavior to a rational actor.
B. A satisfier exhibits more common behavior than a rational actor.
C. A satisfier is the predecessor of a rational actor.
D. A satisfier shares some characteristics with a rational actor.
9. According to paragraph 5, what is the end result of political bargaining within an organization?
A. No decision is ever reached.
B. Differing interests and motives are changed.
C. No one is completely satisfied with the final outcome.
D. The members of the decision unit leave the unit.
10. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in
paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Set routines within organizations tend to constrain decisions.
B. The restriction of information limits the number of options in a decision.
C. Organizations need to set up strict procedures to maximize the effectiveness of decisions.
D. Procedures are needed to ensure that decisions are implemented quickly and effectively.

SECTION D: WRITING
I. Finish the second sentence in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. You’ve got to accept that you are too old for that sort of activity. (GROWN)
It’s time you __________________________________________________________________________
2. Only a week later did we realize what had happened. (FOLLOWING)
It wasn’t ___________________________________________________________________________
3. I have never seen a dancer as talented as Helena. (FAR)
Helena is ________________________________________________________________________
4. The young girl stopped working though the salary was very high. (GAVE)
No matter how ___________________________________________________________________
5. After he had sent me the note, he left the town forever. (GOOD)
Having ___________________________________________________________________
II. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence
printed before it.
1. I think he’s at last beginning to agree with me. ROUND
I suppose _______________________________________________________.
2. When he won the scholarship, Alan began to realize just how lucky he was. DAWN
When he won the scholarship, it began ________________________________.
3.Do you have any idea about how Jack made enough money to buy that new sports car? LIGHT
Can you ___________________________________ to buy that new sports car?
4. Anne complained about the weather throughout the holiday. ENTIRE
Anne ___________________________________________________________.
5. He said there was no way the government would send financial aid to the region. RULED
He _________________________________ sending financial aid to the region.