INTRODUCTION

Primary Health Care Centers in Lapu-lapu are the architectural settings for the first level of access
to healthcare in Lapu-lapu, providing health promotion, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and
health education. These centers are built based on four standard typologies, of which two consist of
permanent health- care facilities and two of satellite or mobile units. Standard designs for these
centers typically consist of residential scaled buildings, with spaces linked by a single central
circulation corridor and lacking adequate attention to ventilation and daylight.

The public healthcare system in Lapu-lapu is organized around four levels of care, and the
complexity and nature of care at each level require different facilities. The first level provides
primary care services in small scale facilities designed to serve no more than 5000 people and aim
to be the first point of access to public healthcare for the population, hence the importance of access
to care throughout the country. Yet, Lapu-lapu presents cultural and geographic particularities,
along with infrastructure and investment limitations that challenge access to care that the PHC
model pursues. Many communities still lack access to primary healthcare and there remains a need
to build new primary care centers or replace existing facilities.

Current design prototypes for Primary Healthcare Centers do not adequately enable the effective
and efficient delivery of culturally relevant patient and community centered care. Hence, they do
fulfill their intended role in the Healthcare System’s integrated network. This study aims to identify
those issues and define which ones can be addressed through architecture.

The primary objective of this thesis is to design a prototype for a Rural Primary Healthcare Center
in Paraguay which considers the physical, cultural, and normative context to support the provision
of effective and efficient care. It proposes that Primary Healthcare Centers should have a
standardized program with a customization design that can utilize local labor, materials and
traditional construction systems that do not require additional training, or extra cost and time
expenditure.

Primary Healthcare Centers should also provide spaces to support community health and well
being with site design features that support healthful community activities and providing pleasing
natural settings for patients, staff and the community.

A literature review, and an architectural review of relevant case studies, helped inform best
practices that are organized in eight design guidelines that include climatic and cultural
responsiveness, flexibility, and resilience. The guidelines provide guidance in support of designing
comfortable, appropriate spaces for the engagement of both patients and staff.

Research into existing documentation on primary healthcare centers in Paraguay and the evidence
collected resulted in a proposal for a new prototype program and site selection criteria based on
local codes but that also incorporates best practice features observed in similar case studies from
Latin America to significantly improve performance and enhance the experience of the patients and
staff.

The design proposal in this thesis serves as an example to illustrate how the design guidelines could
be utilized toward to the design of a Primary Health care Center in Paraguay. It accommodates
clinic, administrative, and support areas and pays special attention to the natural areas
surrounding the building, considering the existing vegetation as an essential part of the response to
climatic conditions. The material and construction systems are carefully chosen based on the
guidelines and the cultural and physical context analysis.

RRL

Development of Management Information System for Cavite Center for Mental Health –
Trece Martires City

The study was conducted by Mendoza and Sinel (2013) at Cavite State University. The
developed system has seven user levels of access including the following: administration,
department, cashier, nursing service department, outpatient department, pharmacy department,
supply department and system administrator. The developed management information system
provided functionality specifically for the administration department and allowed the record officer
to manage employee records and employee schedule. For cashier, functionality of automated
cashier interface was developed. For nursing service department, ward room and bed management
functionalities were provided. For outpatient (OPD), automated management of patient records
were provided. For pharmacy department, drug inventory management of was included. For supply
and system administrator, item inventory management and database maintenance were provided,
respectively.

The unified process model was used as the development methodology of the software. It has
five phases: elaboration, construction, transition and production phases.
 The software was developed through the use of the different tools including the following:
Adobe Photoshop for editing images for the design of the graphical user interface, EASendMail as a
tool e-mail messages, Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 as a system front-end tool . My Structured Query
Language as the system back-end tool, MySQL Connector-ODBC-3.51.28 as database connector,
SQLyog as database graphical user interface tool, Apache as database server.

This study is related to the present study because both studies provide automated patient
information management of records .

Evaluation of Computerized Health Management Information System for Primary Health

Care in Rural India

The thesis was conducted by Krishaan, Nongkynrih, Yadav, Singh, Gupta (2010). The
Comprehensive Rural Health Services Ballargaryh run by all India Institute of Medical Service. New
Delhi has a computerized health Management Information System since 1988. The study was
conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a computerized health Management Information System
in rural health system in India. The data for evaluation were collected by in depth interviews of the
stakeholders i.e program managers and health workers. Health workers were Interviewed to
compare the manual with computerized health management.

A cost comparison between two methods was carried out based on market costs, The
resources utilization for both manual and computerized Health Management Information System
was identified based workers interview.

The major advantage of this computerization has been in saving time of health workers in
record keeping and report generation. Computerization has enabled implementation of good
system for service delivery ,monitoring and supervision.

Benefits of electronic patient records/ electronic health record /integrated clinical

information systems

Mahony et al (2007) stated that EHR /EPR benefits fall under some of the following
headings and include the information more appropriate ,better focus faster access different forms
structure ,flow or presentation ,time saving improved, productivity for doctors and medical
secretaries improved access to research knowledge anytime and anywhere real time clinical audit
of outcomes and quality ,faster compliance with new clinical guidelines and organizational
protocols. Productivity gains, avoidance of unnecessary interventions, time savings, improved
communication and reduced duplication

Dobrev et al. (2008) indicate that citizens: improved quality of care EHR and e-prescribing
benefits share similar broad categories ,some examples: risk reduction, increased effectiveness
lower administrative costs improved time management for citizens and health care providers
improved compliance with clinical guidelines improved prescribing, reduced waiting times and
smoother transfer between services.

Relevance of management of information systems in health sectors.

According to Ozean journal of society sciences (2010) ,adoption of MIS in the health sector
will not only pose unexpected challenge that will turn around the institution roles . Besides,
management information system in the teaching hospital if adopted will provide and enhance
research through Internet or network of services which aims at solving management problems and
help to get task achieved in a much easier , quicker and faster way.

Management information system provides into which assists in control and evaluation of
the organization's performance. Take for instance at the end of each cal3ndcalendar year, annual
reports of events are recorded . This is necessary to determine organization's performance.
Through management information system statistical features will show the degree of improvement
on the performance recorded over the years .

Management information system will also be useful in collecting organizing and storing up
data. For instance, through staff profiles data stored using MIS. To all health establishments
information is an essential ingredient absence of which might result in unpleasant
consequence .Information that concerns staff welfare finances , infrastructure facilities ,
equipment are relevant to all levels of management be it at the lower, intermediate or top levels.

Computer-Based Inventory, Record Keeping and Monitoring System for the Property and Equipment

According to Ronalyn G. Tolentino who conduct a thesis“ Computer-Based Inventory, Record

Keeping and Monitoring System for the Property and Equipment”.The world we live in has been transformed
immensely with the advent used of the information. At this time, almost every aspect of the human life is influenced by
the rapid advancement of technology providing us with the novel opportunities and fresh challenges at the same
time. This is manifested in all sectors of the economy:communication, education, health services, entertainment,
finance, publishing, retailing,and other areas. Indeed, information technology has made the indelible mark in our lives,
making everyday living possible without it.

Computerized inventory system is a computer program that track inventory and creates automated
replenishment order. Computerizing the inventory system brings the organization the potential improvement in
accuracy and speed through better analysis of inventory trends, including the pattern of processing and recording.
Furthermore, immediate result will be more timely and accurate information about, item presently on hand.
Additional equipment and property personnel could encounter fewer burdens,less effort on processing transactions,
and may avoid misplacing or loss of records. Record keeping become increasingly difficult to handle to an organization
and business, especially whom many equipment and property entering to and hereby of adequate time to evaluate
and storage to organization that’s its proper register.
However, through computers and vast databases available nowadays, keeping the recorder large volume seems to be
a natural phenomenon, to an organization requiring a proper place to store all essential information. Through this
spoilage or misplacing records can be avoided, and information can acquire in just a click away. Due to this,the
researcher comes up with the computerization aiming for an enormous innovation and improvement in the existing
manual system. The use of computers is the best solution the researcher think that would answer the existing
problem in terms of operations and functions of inventory, record keeping and monitoring system for the property
and equipment of the Tarlac State University College of Computer Studies .
.http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/14_Organization_and_Use_of_Project_Information.html

Maria Cristina B. Balsita April (2016)

Dentist: Dental Information System

One of the first attempts in the conversion of patient dental records of UPCD to electronic records is
Open Dentist. However, the system lacks some functionalities and problems were encountered
when it comes to patient records access. Dental Information System 2.0 (Dentist), the second
version of Open Dentist, gives UPCD clinicians free access and storage of electronic patient dental
records. The system stores patient dental records containing different forms derived from the
UPCD admitting section form. The system allows clinicians to easily search for patients according to
specified criteria.In relation to the system, the appointment scheduling feature allows clinicians to
keep track of their upcoming appointments with patients. Addition of faculty clinician role also
gives faculty clinicians of UPCD access to patient records and added privileges such as printing of
patient record and approval of updates on patient dental chart.