What is Artificial Intelligence?

In today's world, technology is growing very fast, and we are getting in touch with different
new technologies day by day.

Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial
defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", hence AI means "a man-
made thinking power."

So, we can define AI as:

"It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can
behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions."

Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based skills such as learning,
reasoning, and solving problems

Why Artificial Intelligence?

Before Learning about Artificial Intelligence, we should know that what is the importance of
AI and why should we learn it. Following are some main reasons to learn about AI :

o With the help of AI, you can create such software or devices which can solve
real-world problems very easily and with accuracy such as health issues,
marketing, traffic issues, etc.
o With the help of AI, you can create your personal virtual Assistant, such as
Cortana, Google Assistant, Siri, etc.
o With the help of AI, you can build such Robots which can work in an environment
where survival of humans can be at risk.

Goals of Artificial Intelligence

Following are the main goals of Artificial Intelligence:

1. Replicate human intelligence

2. Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks
3. An intelligent connection of perception and action
4. Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence
such as:
• Proving a theorem
• Playing chess
 • Plan some surgical operation
• Driving a car in traffic

What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence is not just a part of computer science even it's so vast and requires
lots of other factors which can contribute to it. To create the AI first, we should know that
how intelligence is composed, so the Intelligence is an intangible part of our brain which is a
combination of Reasoning, learning, problem-solving perception, language
understanding, etc.

To achieve the above factors for a machine or software Artificial Intelligence requires the
following discipline:

• Mathematics
• Biology
• Psychology
• Sociology
• Computer Science
• Neuron Study
• Statistics
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
Following are some main advantages of Artificial Intelligence:

o High Accuracy with less errors

o High-Speed
o High reliability
o Useful for risky areas
o Digital Assistant
p Useful as a public utility

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

Every technology has some disadvantages, and the same goes for Artificial intelligence.
Following are the disadvantages of AI:

o High Cost
o Can't think out of the box
o No feelings and emotions
o Increase dependency on machines
o No Original Creativity

Application of AI
Artificial Intelligence has various applications in today's society. It is becoming essential
for today's time because it can solve complex problems with an efficient way in multiple
industries, such as Healthcare, entertainment, finance, education, etc. AI is making our
daily life more comfortable and fast.

Following are some sectors which have the application of Artificial Intelligence:
1. AI in Astronomy
Artificial Intelligence can be very useful to solve complex universe problems
such as how it works, origin, etc.

2. AI in Healthcare
o In the last, five to ten years, AI becoming more advantageous for the healthcare
industry and going to have a significant impact on this industry.

3. AI in Gaming
o AI can be used for gaming purpose. The AI machines can play strategic games
like chess, where the machine needs to think of a large number of possible places.
4. AI in Finance
o The finance industry is implementing automation, chatbot, adaptive intelligence,
algorithm trading, and machine learning into financial processes.

5. AI in Data Security
o The security of data is crucial for every company and cyber-attacks are growing very
rapidly in the digital world.
6. AI in Social Media
o Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat contain billions of
user profiles, which need to be stored and managed in a very efficient way.

7. AI in Travel & Transport

o AI is becoming highly demanding for travel industries.

8. AI in Automotive Industry
o Some Automotive industries are using AI to provide virtual assistant to their user for
better performance. Such as Tesla has introduced TeslaBot, an intelligent virtual
assistant.

9. AI in Robotics:
o Artificial Intelligence has a remarkable role in Robotics.
o Humanoid Robots are best examples for AI in robotics, recently the intelligent
Humanoid robot named as Erica and Sophia has been developed which can talk and
behave like humans.

10. AI in Entertainment
We are currently using some AI based applications in our daily life with some
entertainment services such as Netflix or Amazon.

11. AI in Agriculture
o Agriculture is an area which requires various resources, labor, money, and time
for best result.
p

12. AI in E-commerce
o AI is providing a competitive edge to the e-commerce industry, and it is
becoming more demanding in the e-commerce business.

13. AI in education:
o AI in the future can be work as a personal virtual tutor for students, which will be
accessible easily at any time and any place.
Types of Artificial Intelligence:
Artificial Intelligence can be divided in various types, there are mainly two types of AI.
Following is flow diagram which explain the types of AI.

AI type-1: Based on Capabilities

1. Weak AI or Narrow AI:
o Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task with
intelligence.
p Most common and currently available.
o Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field limits.
Some Examples of Narrow AI are:
▪ Playing chess
▪ Self-driving cars
▪ image recognition
▪ Speech recognition
▪ Purchasing suggestions on e-commerce site etc.

2. General AI:
o General AI is a type of intelligence which could perform any intellectual task with
efficiency like a human.
o The idea behind the general AI is to create smarter system which can think like
humans.
3. Super AI:
o Super AI is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which machines called surpass
human intelligence.
p It is an outcome of general AI.
o Super AI is still a hypothetical concept of Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence type-2: Based on functionality

1. Reactive Machines
Reactive machines are the most basic types of Artificial Intelligence.
o Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future actions.
p IBM's Deep Blue system is an example of reactive machines.
o Google's AlphaGo is also an example of reactive machines.

2. Limited Memory
o Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for a
short period of time.
o Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of Limited Memory systems.
3. Theory of Mind
o Theory of Mind AI should understand the human emotions, people, beliefs, and
be able to interact socially like humans.

4. Self-Awareness
o Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence.
o These machines will be smarter than human mind.