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MemoAss7G10 (A, B) Friday13h30

1. This memo discusses Taylor series expansions of several functions: - The Taylor series expansion of 1/(2+x^2) has a radius of convergence of √2. - The Taylor series expansions of 1/(1-x) and -ln|1-x| have a radius of convergence of 1. - Several Taylor series are equated and simplified. 2. The Taylor series expansion of the function f(x)=e^3-x is derived. - It is shown that the Taylor series expansion of f(x) about x=1 has an absolute error less than 1/24 * e^1.5 when 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.

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Simphiwe Benya
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11 views2 pages

MemoAss7G10 (A, B) Friday13h30

1. This memo discusses Taylor series expansions of several functions: - The Taylor series expansion of 1/(2+x^2) has a radius of convergence of √2. - The Taylor series expansions of 1/(1-x) and -ln|1-x| have a radius of convergence of 1. - Several Taylor series are equated and simplified. 2. The Taylor series expansion of the function f(x)=e^3-x is derived. - It is shown that the Taylor series expansion of f(x) about x=1 has an absolute error less than 1/24 * e^1.5 when 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.

Uploaded by

Simphiwe Benya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WTW238 MEMO ASSIGNMENT 7: G10(a,b) Friday 22 OCTOBER 2021

1 1 1 𝑥2 𝑥2
1.1 = 𝑥2
= ∑∞ 𝑛
𝑛=0(− ) , |− | < 1
(2+𝑥 2 ) 2(1−(− )) 2 2 2
2

(−1)𝑛
= ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝑥 2𝑛 , |𝑥 2 | < 2 Radius of converge 𝑅 = √2.
2𝑛+1
1 1
1.2 = ∑∞ 𝑛
𝑛=0 𝑥 , |𝑥| < 1 ⟹ (1−𝑥)2
= ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛𝑥
𝑛−1 |𝑥|
, <1
1−𝑥
𝑥
⟹ = ∑∞ 𝑛
𝑛=1 𝑛𝑥 , |𝑥| < 1
(1−𝑥)2

Radius of converge 𝑅 = 1.
1 1
1.3 = ∑∞ 𝑛 ∞
𝑛=0 𝑥 , |𝑥| < 1 ⟹ −ln |1 − 𝑥| = ∑𝑛=0 𝑥 𝑛+1 + 𝐶, |𝑥| < 1
1−𝑥 𝑛+1

If 𝑥 = 0: − ln(1) = 𝐶 ⟹ 𝐶 = 0
(−1)𝑛 2𝑛+1 (−1)𝑛 2.2𝑛 (−1)𝑛+1 1 𝑛 1 1 𝑛+1
∑∞
𝑛=0 (𝑛+1)8𝑛
= ∑∞𝑛=0 (𝑛+1)8𝑛
= −2 ∑∞𝑛=0 (𝑛+1)
(4) = 8 ∑∞𝑛=0 (𝑛+1) (− 4
)
1 3
= −8 ln (1 − ) = −8ln( )
4 4

2.1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 3−𝑥 ; 𝑓(1) = 𝑒 2


𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = (−1)𝑒3−𝑥 ; 𝑓 ′ (1) = (−1)𝑒 2
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥 ) = (−1)(−1)𝑒3−𝑥 ; 𝑓 ′′ (1) = (−1)2 𝑒 2
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥 ) = (−1)(−1)(−1)𝑒3−𝑥 ; 𝑓′′′(1) = (−1)3 𝑒 2
𝑓 (𝑛) (𝑥 ) = (−1)𝑛 𝑒3−𝑥 ; 𝑓 (𝑛) (1) = (−1)𝑛 𝑒 2 , 𝑛 = 0, 1, 2, …
𝑓 (𝑛) (1)
Thus, 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ∑∞
𝑛=0 (𝑥 − 1)𝑛
𝑛!
(−1)𝑛 𝑒 2
= ∑∞
𝑛=0 (𝑥 − 1)𝑛
𝑛!
2.2 By Taylor’s Theorem, there exists a number 𝑐 between 1 and 𝑥 such
𝑓′′ (1) 𝑓′′′ (1)
that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1) + 𝑓 ′ (1)(𝑥 − 1) + 2!
(𝑥 − 1)2 +
3!
(𝑥 − 1)3 + 𝑅3 (𝑥)
𝑛
𝑓(iv) (𝑐) 4 (−1) 𝑒 3−𝑐
where 𝑅3 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1) = (𝑥 − 1)4
4! 4!
1
Since 𝑥 ∈ (0.5; 1.5), 0.5 < 𝑥 < 1.5 ⟹ −0.5 < 𝑥 − 1 < 0.5 ⟹ |𝑥 − 1| < 0.5 =
2

Since 𝑐 is between 1 and 𝑥, 𝑐 ∈ (0.5; 1.5), 0.5 < 𝑐 < 1.5


⟹ −1.5 < −𝑐 < −0.5 ⟹ 1.5 < 3 − 𝑐 < 2.5
⟹ 𝑒 2.5 < 𝑒 3−𝑐 < 𝑒 1.5
𝑛
(−1) 𝑒 3−𝑐 1 1 4 1.5 1 1
Thus, |𝑅3 (𝑥)| =| (𝑥 − 1)4 | ≤ ( ) e = . e1.5
4! 1.2.3.4 2 24 16
1 1
Thus, the absolute value of the error is less than . e1.5
24 16

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