Atoms 783

Chapter Exercises
(A) Taking it together
Assorted questions of the chapter for advanced level practice

1 The penetrating power of X-rays increases with the 8 The difference in angular momentum associated
increase in its with the electron in the two successive orbits of
(a) velocity hydrogen atom is
(b) intensity h h h h
(c) frequency (a) (b) (c) (d) (n – 1)
π 2π 2 2π
(d) wavelength
9 Which of the following parameters are the same for
2 X-rays are not used for radar purpose because they
all hydrogen like atoms and ions in their ground
(a) are not reflected by the target
(b) are not electromagnetic waves
states?
(c) are completely absorbed by the air (a) Radius of the orbit
(d) sometimes damage the target (b) Speed of the electrons
(c) Energy of the atom
3 The X-ray beam coming from an X-ray tube will be (d) Orbital angular momentum of the electron
(a) monochromatic
(b) having all wavelengths larger than a certain minimum 10 The second line in Paschen series is obtained when
wavelength the electron makes transition from
(c) having all wavelengths smaller than a certain (a) fourth orbit to third orbit
maximum wavelength (b) seventh orbit to third orbit
(d) having all wavelengths between a minimum and a (c) sixth orbit to third orbit
maximum wavelength (d) fifth orbit to third orbit
4 Consider a photon of continuous X-ray coming from 11 For production of characteristic K β X-rays, the
a coolidge tube. Its energy comes from electron transition is
(a) the kinetic energy of the striking electron (a) n = 2 to n = 1 (b) n = 3 to n = 2
(b) the kinetic energy of the free electrons of the target (c) n = 3 to n = 1 (d) n = 4 to n = 2
(c) the kinetic energy of the ions of the target 12 Molybdenum is used as a target element for
(d) an atomic transition in the target production of X-rays because it is
5 Hydrogen atom does not emit X-rays because (a) light and can easily deflect electrons
(a) its energy levels are too close to each other (b) light and can absorb electrons
(b) its energy levels are too far apart (c) a heavy element with a high melting point
(c) it has a very small mass (d) an element having high thermal conductivity
(d) it has a single electron 13 The simple Bohr model cannot be directly applied to
6 A set of atoms in an excited state decays calculate the energy levels of an atom with many
[NCERT Exemplar] electrons. This is because [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) in general to any of the states with lower energy (a) of the electrons not being subject to a central force
(b) into a lower state only when excited by an external (b) of the electrons colliding with each other
electric field (c) of screening effects
(c) all together simultaneously into a lower state (d) the force between the nucleus and an electron will no
(d) to emit photons only when they collide longer be given by Coulomb’s law
7 In an X-rays tube, the intensity of the emitted 14 An electron moves in a circular orbit at a distance
X-rays beam is increased by from a proton with kinetic energy E. To escape to
(a) increasing the filament current infinity, the minimum energy which must be supplied
(b) decreasing the filament current to the electron is
(c) increasing the target potential (a) E (b) 2E
(d) decreasing the target potential (c) 0.5E (d) E 2
784 OBJECTIVE Physics Vol. 2

15 A X-ray tube operates at an accelerating potential 24 An electron makes a transition from 4th orbit to 2nd
of 20 kV. Which of the following wavelengths will orbit of a hydrogen atom. The wave number of the
be absent in the continuous spectrum of X-rays? emitted radiations will be (R = Rydberg’s constant)
(a) 12 pm (b) 75 pm 16 2R 3R 4R
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) 65 pm (d) 95 pm 3R 16 16 16
16 The patient is asked to drink BaSO 4 for examining 25 The longest wavelength that can be analysed by a
the stomach by X-rays because X-rays are sodium chloride crystal of spacing d = 2.82 Å in the
(a) reflected by heavy atoms second order is
(b) refracted by heavy atoms (a) 2.82 Å (b) 5.64 Å (c) 8.46 Å (d) 11.28 Å
(c) less absorbed by heavy atoms 26 The graph between the square root of the frequency
(d) more absorbed by heavy atoms of a specific line of characteristic spectrum of X-rays
17 In Rutherford scattering experiment, what will be and the atomic number of the target will be
the ratio of impact parameter for scattering angles
θ 1 = 90 ° and θ 2 = 120 °. √ν √ν
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 3 (a) (b)

18 The minimum energy required to ionise an atom is

the energy equal to Z Z
(a) add one electron to the gaseous state of atom
(b) excite the atom from its ground state to its first excited √ν √ν
state (c) (d)
(c) remove one outermost electron from the gaseous state
of atom
(d) remove one innermost electron from the gaseous state Z Z
of atom 27 Hard X-rays for the study of fractures in bones
19 The velocity of an electron in the first orbit of H-atom should have a minimum wavelength of 10 −11 m. The
is v. The velocity of an electron in the 2nd orbit of accelerating voltage for electrons in X-ray machine
He + is should be
(a) 2 v (b) v (a) < 124.2 kV
(c) v/2 (d) v/4 (b) > 124.2 kV
(c) Between 60 kV and 70 kV
20 A metal block is exposed to beams of X-ray of (d) equal to 100 kV
different wavelengths 2Å, 4Å, 6Å and 8Å. Which of
the following wavelength of X-rays penetrates most? 28 If an α-particle of mass m, charge q and velocity v is
(a) 2 Å (b) 4 Å (c) 6 Å (d) 8 Å incident on a nucleus of charge Q and mass m, then
the distance of closest approach is
21 Hydrogen atom is excited from ground state to
Qq Qq Qq mv 2 Qq
another excited state with principal quantum (a) (b) (c) (d)
number (n = 4). Then, the number of spectral lines in 4 πε 0m 2 2 πε 0mv 2 2 mv 2
the emission spectra will be 29 In a hypothetical Bohr hydrogen, the mass of the
(a) 2 (b) 3 electron is doubled. The energy E 0 and radius r 0 of
(c) 5 (d) 6 the first orbit will be (a 0 is the Bohr radius)
22 The orbital angular momentum of electron in the (a) E 0 = – 27.2 eV, r 0 = a 0 /2
n 1th shell of element of atomic number Z 1 is L1 and (b) E 0 = – 27.2 eV , r 0 = a 0
the same in the n 2 th shell of element of atomic (c) E 0 = – 13.6 eV r 0 = a 0 /2
number Z 2 is L 2 . If L 2 > L1, then (d) E 0 = – 13.6 eV, r 0 = a 0
(a) n 2 > n1 (b) Z 2 > Z1
(c) n 2 Z 2 > n1Z1 (d) Both (a) and (b) 30 Ionisation energy of a hydrogen like ion A is greater
than that of another hydrogen like ion B. Let r, u, E
23 An electron jumps from the 4th orbit to 2nd orbit of and L represent the radius of the orbit, speed of the
the hydrogen atom. Given, Rydberg’s constant electron, energy of the atom and orbital angular
R = 10 5 cm−1, the frequency (in Hz) of the emitted momentum of the electron, respectively. In ground
radiations will be state
3 3 9 3 (a) rA > rB (b) uA > uB (c) E A < EB (d) LA > LB
(a) × 10 5 (b) × 1015 (c) × 1015 (d) × 1015
16 16 16 4
Atoms 785

31 If the radius of first Bohr’s orbit is x, then de-Broglie 40 An electron revolves around a nucleus of charge Ze.
wavelength of electron in 3rd orbit is nearly In order to excite the electron from the state n = 2 to
(a) 2πx (b) 6πx (c) 9x (d)
x n = 3, the energy required is 47.2 eV. Z is equal to
3 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 2
32 If the number of scattering particles are 56 for 90° 41 Excitation energy of a hydrogen like ion in its first
angle, then at an angle 60°, number of scattered excitation state is 40.8 eV. Energy needed to remove
particles will be the electron from the ion in ground state is
(a) 224 (b) 256 (c) 98 (d) 108 (a) 54.4 eV (b) 13.6 eV (c) 40.8 eV (d) 27.2 eV
33 The diagram shows the path of four α-particles of 42 Ionisation potential of hydrogen atom is 13.6 V.
the same energy being scattered by the nucleus of an Hydrogen atoms in the ground state are excited by
atom simultaneously. Which of these are/is not monochromatic radiation of photon energy 12.1 eV.
physically possible? The spectral lines emitted by hydrogen atoms
according to Bohr’s theory will be
1
2 (a) one (b) two (c) three (d) four
3 43 The acceleration of electron in the first orbit of
4
hydrogen atom is
(a) Both 3 and 4 (b) Both 2 and 3 4π 2m h2 h2 m 2h 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) Both 1 and 4 (d) Only 4 h3 4π 2mr 4π 2m 2r 3 4π 2r 3
34 If ω is the speed of electron in the nth orbit hydrogen 44 The ratio of the wavelength for 2 → 1 transition in
atom, then Li ++ , He + and H is
1/ 2 1 1 1
(a) ω ∝ n (b) ω ∝ (c) ω ∝ 2 (d) ω ∝ 3 (a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 4 : 9 (c) 4 : 9 : 36 (d) 3 : 2 : 1
n n n
45 Which element has a K α line of wavelength
35 Hydrogen atom emits blue light when it jumps from
n = 4 energy level to the n = 2 level. Which colour 1.785 Å?
of light would the atom emit when it changes from (a) Copper (b) Cobalt (c) Sodium (d) Aluminium
the n = 5 level to the n = 2 level? 46 The wavelength of K α line for an element of atomic
(a) Red (b) Yellow (c) Green (d) Violet number 43 is λ. Then the wavelength of K α line for
36 Taking the Bohr radius as a 0 = 53 pm, the radius of an element of atomic number 29 is
43 42 9 4
Li ++ ion in its ground state, on the basis of Bohr’s (a) λ (b) λ (c) λ (d) λ
29 28 4 9
model, will be about [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) 53 pm (b) 27 pm (c) 18 pm (d) 13 pm 47 The K α and K β lines of characteristic X-ray
37 When an electron in hydrogen atom is excited, from spectrum of molybdenum are 0.76 Å and 0.64 Å,
its 4th to 5th stationary orbit, the change in angular respectively. The wavelength of L α line is
momentum of electron is (take, Planck’s constant, (a) 1.4 Å (b) 2.4 Å (c) 4.1 Å (d) 3.6 Å
h = 6.6 × 10 − 34 J-s) 48 The magnetic moment (µ ) of a revolving electron
(a) 4.16 × 10−34 J-s (b) 3.32 × 10−34 J-s around the nucleus varies with principal quantum
(c) 1.05 × 10− 34 J-s (d) 5.25 × 10−34 J-s number n as
(a) µ ∝ n (b) µ ∝1 /n (c) µ ∝ n 2 (d) µ ∝1 /n 2
38 The electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition
from n = n 1 to n = n 2 state. The time period of the 49 The wavelength of K α X-rays for lead isotopes
electron in the initial state (n 1 ) is eight times that in Pb 208, Pb 206 , Pb 204 are λ 1, λ 2 and λ 3 , respectively.
the final state (n 2 ). The possible values of n 1 and n 2
Then
are
(a) λ1 = λ 2 > λ 3 (b) λ1 > λ 2 > λ 3
(a) n1 = 8, n 2 = 1 (b) n1 = 2, n 2 = 1
(c) λ1 < λ 2 < λ 3 (d) λ 2 = λ1λ 3
(c) n1 = 2, n 2 = 4 (d) n1 = 1, n 2 = 8
39 Two elements A and B with atomic numbers Z A and 50 The ratio between acceleration of the electron in
Z B are used to produce characteristic X-rays with singly ionised helium atom and doubly ionised
frequencies ν A and ν B , respectively. If lithium atom (both in ground state) is
4 27 8 9
Z A : Z B = 1 : 2, then ν A : ν B will be (a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 8 (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 4 9 8 27 4
786 OBJECTIVE Physics Vol. 2

51 The wavelength of radiation emitted is λ 0 when an 60 An excited hydrogen atom emits a photon of
electron jumps from the third to the second orbit of wavelength λ in returning to the ground state. The
hydrogen atom. For the electron jump from the quantum number n of the excited state is given by
fourth to the second orbit of the hydrogen atom, the (R = Rydberg constant)
wavelength of radiation emitted will be λR
(a) λR (λR − 1) (b)
16 20 27 25 (λR − 1)
(a) λ0 (b) λ0 (c) λ0 (d) λ0
25 27 20 16 (λR − 1) 1
(c) (d)
52 An electron with kinetic energy 5 eV is incident on λR λR (λR − 1)
a H-atom in its ground state. The collision
(a) must be elastic 61 According to Moseley’s law the ratio of the slope of
(b) may be partially elastic graph between f and Z for K β and K α is
(c) must be completely inelastic
(d) may be completely inelastic 32 27 5 36
(a) (b) (c) (d)
27 32 36 5
53 When an electron jumps from the orbit n = 2 to
n = 4, then wavelength of the radiations absorbed 62 de-Broglie wavelength of an electron in the nth Bohr
will be (R is Rydberg’s constant) orbit of hydrogen atom is λ n and the angular
16 16 5R 3R momentum is J n , then
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1
3R 5R 16 16 (a) J n ∝ λ n (b) λ n ∝
Jn
54 If ν 1 is the frequency of the series limit of Lyman
(c) λ n ∝ J n2 (d) None of these
series, ν 2 is the frequency of the first line of Lyman
series and ν 3 is the frequency of the series limit of 63 The recoil momentum of H-atom due to the
the Balmer series. Then, transition of an electron from n = 4 state to n = 1
(a) ν1 − ν 2 = ν 3 (b) ν1 = ν 2 − ν 3 state is
1 1 1 1 1 1 (a) 13.6 × 10−19 kg ms −1 (b) 6.8 × 10−27 kg ms −1
(c) = + (d) = +
ν 2 ν1 ν 3 ν1 ν 2 ν 3 (c) 12.75 × 10−24 kg ms −1 (d) 9.86 × 10−18 kg ms−1
55 The energy of an electron in excited hydrogen atom 64 The radius of hydrogen atom in its ground state is
is − 3.4 eV. Then, according to Bohr’s theory, the 5.3 × 10 −11 m. After collision with an electron it is
angular momentum of the electron is found to have a radius of 21.2 × 10 −11 m. What is
(a) 2.1 × 10−34 J-s (b) 3 × 10−34 J-s the principal quantum number n of the final state of
(c) 2 × 10−34 J-s (d) 0.5 × 10−34 J-s the atom?
56 The shortest wavelength which can be obtained in (a) n = 4 (b) n = 2
hydrogen spectrum is (R = 10 m ) 7 −1 (c) n = 16 (d) n = 3

(a) 1000 Å (b) 800 Å (c) 1300 Å (d) 2100 Å 65 An α-particle accelerated through V volt is fired
towards a nucleus. Its distance of closest approach is
57 The wavelength of the first spectral line of sodium
r. If a proton accelerated through the same potential
5896 Å. The first excitation potential of sodium atom is fired towards the same nucleus, the distance of
will be (Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 × 10 −34 J-s) closest approach of proton will be
(a) 4.2 V (b) 3.5 V (a) r (b) 2r
(c) 2.1 V (d) None of these r r
(c) (d)
58 The shortest wavelength in Lyman series is 2 4
91.2 nm. The longest wavelength of the series is 66 In a Rutherford scattering experiment, when a
(a) 121.6 nm (b) 182.4 nm projectile of charge Z 1 and mass M1 approaches a
(c) 243.4 nm (d) 364.8 nm target nucleus of charge Z 2 and mass M 2 , the
59 Energy of 24.6 eV is required to remove one of the distance to closest approach is r 0 . The energy of the
electron from a neutral helium atom. The energy projectile is
(in eV) required to remove both the electrons from a (a) directly proportional to M1 × M 2
neutral helium atom is (b) directly proportional to Z1 Z 2
(a) 38.2 (b) 49.2 (c) directly proportional to Z1
(c) 51.8 (d) 79.0 (d) directly proportional to mass M1
Atoms 787

67 In the Bohr’s model of a hydrogen atom, the (a) (λ K α − λ c ) increases (b) (λ K α − λ c ) decreases
centripetal force is furnished by the Coulomb (c) λ K α increases (d) λ K α decreases
attraction between the proton and the electron. If a 0 73 A H-atom moving with speed v makes a head on
is the radius of the ground state orbit, m is the mass, collision with a H-atom at rest. Both atoms are in
e is the charge on electron and ε 0 is the permittivity ground state. The minimum value of velocity v for
of free space, the speed of the electron is which one of the atom may excite is
e e 4 ε 0a 0m (mH = 1.67 × 10 −27 kg)
(a) (b) zero (c) (d)
ε 0a 0m 4πε 0a 0m e (a) 6.25 × 104 ms −1 (b) 8 × 104 ms −1
68 The first member of the Balmer’s series of the (c) 7.25 × 104 ms −1 (d) 13.6 × 104 ms −1
hydrogen has a wavelength λ , the wavelength of 74 In an inelastic collision an electron excites a
the second member of its series is hydrogen atom from its ground state to a M-shell
27 20 27 10
(a) λ (b) λ (c) λ (d) λ state. A second electron collides instantaneously
20 27 10 9 with the excited hydrogen atom in the M-shell state
69 In a hydrogen atom, the binding energy of the and ionizes it. At least how much energy the second
electron in the ground state is E 1. Then the electron transfers to the atom in the M-shell state?
frequency of revolution of the electron in the nth (a) + 3.4 eV (b) + 1.51 eV
orbit is (c) − 3.4 eV (d) − 1.51 eV
2E1 2E1n 3 2mE1 E1n 2 75 A hydrogen-like atom emits radiations of frequency
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n 3h h n 3h h 2.7 × 10 15 Hz when it makes a transition from n = 2
70 The electron in a hydrogen atom makes transition to n = 1. The frequency emitted in a transition from
from M shell to L-shell. The ratio of magnitude of n = 3 to n = 1will be
initial to final acceleration of the electron is (a) 1.8 × 10 15 Hz (b) 3.2 × 10 15 Hz
(a) 9 : 4 (b) 81 : 16 (c) 4.7 × 105 Hz (d) 6.9 × 10 15 Hz
(c) 4 : 9 (d) 16 : 81
76 Two H-atoms in the ground state collide
71 For the ground state, the electron in the H-atom has
inelastically. The maximum amount by which their
an angular momentum = h, according to the simple
combined kinetic energy is reduced is
Bohr model. Angular momentum is a vector and [NCERT Exemplar]
hence there will be infinitely many orbits with the (a) 10.2 eV (b) 20.40 eV (c) 13.6 eV (d) 27.2 eV
vector pointing in all possible directions. In actuality,
77 A beam of fast moving α-particles were directed
this is not true, [NCERT Exemplar]
towards a thin film of gold. The parts A′ , B ′ and C ′
(a) because Bohr model gives incorrect values of angular
momentum of the transmitted and reflected beams corresponding
(b) because only one of these would have a minimum to the incident parts A, B and C of the beam, are
energy shown in the adjoining diagram. The number of
(c) angular momentum must be in the direction of spin of α-particles in
electron
(d) because electrons go around only in horizontal orbits
B′
72 The intensity of X-rays from a coolidge tube is B
A A′
plotted against wavelength as shown in the figure.
The minimum wavelength found is λ c and the C
C′
wavelength of the K α line is λ K α . As the
accelerating voltage is increased (a) B ′ will be minimum and in C ′ maximum
(b) A′ will be maximum and in B ′ minimum
I (c) A′ will be minimum and in B ′ maximum
(d) C ′ will be minimum and in B ′ maximum
78 Figure shows the energy levels P, Q, R, S and G of
an atom where G is the ground state. A red line in
the emission spectrum of the atom can be obtained
λc λKα by an energy level change from Q to S. A blue line
λ can be obtained by following energy level change
788 OBJECTIVE Physics Vol. 2

P 82 Imagine an atom made up of a proton and a

Q hypothetical particle of double the mass of the
R electron but having the same charge as the electron.
S
Apply the Bohr atomic model and consider all
possible transitions of this hypothetical particle to
G the first excited level. The longest wavelength of
photon in the Balmer series has wavelength λ (given
(a) P to Q (b) Q to P (c) R to S (d) R to G
in terms of the Rydberg constant R for hydrogen
79 The binding energy of a H-atom, considering an atom) equal to
electron moving around a fixed nuclei (proton), is 9 36 18 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
me 4 5R 5R 5R 5R
B=− 2 2 2 (m = electron mass)
8n ε 0 h 83 Energy levels A, B and C of a certain atom
If one decides to work in a frame of reference where corresponding to increasing values of energy, i.e.
the electron is at rest, the proton would be moving E A < E B < E C . If λ 1, λ 2 and λ 3 are the
around it. By similar arguments, the binding energy wavelengths of radiations corresponding to the
would be transitions C to B, B to A and C to A
Me 4 respectively, which of the following option is
B=− 2 2 2 (M = proton mass) correct?
8n ε 0 h λ1
C

This last expression is not correct, because B

[NCERT Exemplar] λ2 λ3
(a) n would not be integral
(b) Bohr-quantisation applies only two electron A
(c) the frame in which the electron is at rest, is λ1λ 2
(a) λ 3 = λ1 + λ 2 (b) λ 3 =
non-inertial λ1 + λ 2
(d) the motion of the proton would not be in circular
orbits, even approximately. (c) λ1 + λ 2 + λ 3 = 0 (d) λ 23 = λ12 + λ 22
I0 84 The following diagram indicates the energy levels of
80 If the intensity of an X-ray becomes from I 0 after
2 a certain atom when the system moves from 4E level
travelling 2.0 cm inside a target, then its intensity to E.A photon of wavelength λ 1 is emitted. The
after travelling a distance of 4 cm will be wavelength of photon produced during its transition
I0 I0 from 7/3 E level to E is λ 2 . The ratio λ 1 /λ 2 will be
(a) (b) (c) 2 I 0 (d) I 0
2 4 4E
7
E
81 In figure the energy levels of the hydrogen atom 3
have been shown along with some transitions E
marking A, B , C . The transitions A, B, and C 4 4 3 5
respectively, represents (a) (b) (c) (d)
9 8 8 9
0 eV
85 The diagram shows the energy levels for an electron
n=5 − 0.54 eV in a certain atom. Which transition shown represents
n=4 − 0.85 eV the emission of a photon with the most energy?
C
n=3 − 1.51 eV n=4
B
n=2 − 3.40 eV
A n=3
n=1 − 13.60 eV

(a) the first member of the Lyman series, third member of n=2
Balmer series and second member of Paschen series
n=1
(b) the ionisation potential of H, second member of Balmer I II III IV
series and third member of Paschen series (a) III (b) IV (c) I (d) II
(c) the series limit of Lyman series, second member of
Balmer series and second member of Paschen series 86 When the voltage applied to an X-ray tube is
(d) the series limit of Lyman series, third member of increased fromV1 = 10 kV toV2 = 20 kV, the
Balmer series and second member of Paschen series wavelength difference between the K α line and the
short wavelength limit of the continuous X-ray
Atoms 789

spectrum increases by a factor 3. The atomic number ( 3 Li 6 ) ++ all have one electron around the nucleus.
of the element of which the tube anticathode is Consider an electron transition from n = 2 to n = 1. If
made will be the wave lengths of emitted radiation are λ 1, λ 2, λ 3
(a) 62 (b) 56 and λ 4
(c) 45 (d) 29
respectively, then approximately which one of the
87 The ionisation potential of hydrogen atom is following is correct?
−13.6 eV. An electron in the ground state of a (a) 4 λ1 = 2 λ 2 = 2 λ 3 = λ 4
hydrogen atom absorbs a photon of energy 12.75 eV. (b) λ1 = 2 λ 2 = 2 λ 3 = λ 4
How many different spectral lines can one expect
(c) λ1 = λ 2 = 4 λ 3 = 9 λ 4
when the electron make a downward transition
(d) λ1 = 2 λ 2 = 3 λ 3 = 4 λ 4
(a) 1 (b) 4
(c) 2 (d) 6 91 Suppose an electron is attracted towards the origin
k
88 The distance of closest approach of an α-particle by a force , where k is a constant and r is the
fired towards a nucleus with momentum p, is r. If r
the momentum of the α-particle is 2p, then the distance of the electron from the origin. By applying
corresponding distance of closest approach is Bohr model to this system, the radius of the nth
(a) r/2 (b) 2r orbital of the electron is found to be rn and the
(c) 4r (d) r/4 kinetic energy of the electron to be Tn . Then, which
of the following is true?
89 The first excited state of hydrogen atom is 10.2 eV
(a) Tn independent of n, rn ∝ n
above its ground state. The temperature is needed to
1
excite hydrogen atoms to first excited level, is (b) Tn ∝ , rn ∝ n
n
(a) 7.9 × 104 K (b) 3.5 × 104 K
1
(c) 5.8 × 104 K (d) 14 × 104 K (c) Tn ∝ , rn ∝ n 2
n
90 Hydrogen ( 2 H 1 ), deuterium ( 1H2 ), singly ionised 1
(d) Tn ∝ 2 , rn ∝ n 2
helium ( 2 He 4 ) + and doubly ionised lithium ( 3 Li 6 ) ++ n

(B) Medical entrance special format questions

Assertion and reason 3 Assertion It is essential that all the lines available in
the emission spectrum will also be available in the
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-5) These questions consist of two absorption spectrum.
statements each linked as Assertion and Reason. While
Reason The spectrum of hydrogen atom may not be
answering of these questions you are required to choose
absorption spectrum.
any one of the following four responses.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is 4 Assertion Second orbit circumference of hydrogen atom
the correct explanation of Assertion. is two times the de-Broglie wavelength of electrons in that
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is orbit.
not correct explanation of Assertion. Reason de-Broglie wavelength of electron in ground
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. state is minimum.
(d) If Assertion is false but Reason is true.
5 Assertion Characteristic X-rays depends only on the
1 Assertion Angular momentum of single electron accelerating voltage and continuous X-rays depends on
in any orbit of hydrogen type atoms is the target used.
independent of the atomic number of the Reason Lead is the best absorber of X-rays.
element.
Reason In ground state, angular momentum is Statement based questions
minimum.
1 Study the following statements.
2 Assertion The radius of second orbit of hydrogen
I. Nature of the graph between the radius of the
atom is 2.1Å.
electron in nth orbit versus n 2 is a straight line.
Reason Radius of nth orbit of hydrogen atom is
II. Electrons in the higher orbit stays only for 10 −8 s and
rn ∝ n 2 . returns back to lower orbit.
790 OBJECTIVE Physics Vol. 2

III. 1Rhc = 13.6 eV (c) The angular momentum of an electron in an orbit is an

Choose the correct statement. integral multiple of h/2π.
(a) I only (b) II only (d) The magnitude of the potential energy of an electron in
any orbit is greater than its kinetic energy.
(c) II and III only (d) All of these
7 A particular hydrogen like atom has its ground state
2 Study the following statements.
binding energy 122.4 eV. It is in ground state. Then,
I. Frequencies of the Brackett lines of the H-atom lie
in the visible region. choose the incorrect statement.
(a) Its atomic number is 3.
II. Bremsstrahlung is produced when protons are
accelerated by the nucleus. (b) An electron of 90 eV can excite it.
(c) An electron of kinetic energy nearly 91.8 eV can be
III. There exists a sharp limit on the short wavelength brought to almost rest by this atom.
side for each continuous X-ray spectrum. (d) An electron of kinetic energy 2.6 eV may emerge from
Choose the correct statement. the atom when electron of kinetic energy 125 eV
(a) I and II only (b) III only collides with this atom.
(c) I only (d) II only 8 The electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition
3 Study the following statements. from an excited state to the ground state. Which of
I. The characteristic X-ray spectrum depends on the the following statements is true?
nature of the material of the target. (a) Its kinetic energy increases, and the potential and total
II. The short wavelength limit of continuous X-ray energies decrease.
spectrum varies inversely on the potential (b) Its kinetic energy decreases but the potential energy
difference applied to the X-ray tube. increases, and thus the total energy remains the same.
(c) Its kinetic and total energies decrease, and the potential
Choose the correct statement.
energy increases.
(a) I is true and II is false (b) I is false and II is true (d) Its kinetic, potential and total energies decrease.
(c) Both I and II are true (d) Both I and II are false
9 Electrons each having the energy 80 keV are
4 The highly excited states (n >> 1) for hydrogen-like incident on the tungsten target of an X-ray tube. The
atoms (also called Rydberg states) with nuclear K-shell electrons of tungsten have − 72.5 keV
charge Ze are defined by their principal quantum energy. Then, which amongst the following X-ray
number n. Then, study the following statements. spectrum is emitted by the tube?
I. The relative change in the radii of two consecutive (a) A continuous X-ray spectrum (breamsstrahlung) with a
orbitals does not depend on Z. minimum wavelength of ~ 0.0155 nm.
II. The relative change in the radii of two consecutive (b) A continuous X-ray spectrum (breamsstrahlung) with all
orbitals varies as 1/n. wavelengths.
(c) Characteristic X-ray spectrum of tungsten.
III. The relative change in the energy of two
(d) A continuous X-ray spectrum (breamsstrahlung) with a
consecutive orbitals varies as 1/n 3 . minimum wavelength of ~ 0.0155 nm and the
IV. The relative change in the angular momentum of characteristic X-ray spectrum of tungsten.
two consecutive orbitals varies as 1/n.
Now, choose the correct statement. Match the columns
(a) I and III only (b) II and IV only 1 In Column I physical quantities corresponding to
(c) I, II and IV only (d) III only hydrogen and hydrogen like atoms are given. In
5 The Rutherford α-particle experiment shows that Column II, powers of principal quantum number n
most of the α-particles pass through almost are given on which, those physical quantities
unscattered while some are scattered through large depend. Match the two columns and choose the
correct option from the codes given below.
angles. Then, which of the following statement is in
accordance with the predictions of Rutherford. Column I Column II
(a) Atom is hollow. (A) Centripetal acceleration in circular (p) −4
(b) The whole mass of the atom is concentrated in a small motion of electron
centre called nucleus. (B) Angular momentum of electron (q) 1
(c) Nucleus is positively charged.
(C) Moment of inertia of electron about (r) −3
(d) All of the above
centroidal axis
6 Which of the following statement is not correct in (s) 4
Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom?
Codes
(a) The radius of nth orbit is proportional to n 2 . A B C A B C
(b) The total energy of electron in nth orbit is proportional to n. (a) s p q (b) q q s
(c) p q s (d) p p s
Atoms 791

2 Ground state energy of hydrogen atom is E 0 . Match 3 Match the following two columns and choose the
the following two columns and choose the correct correct option from the codes given below.
option from the codes given below. Column I Column II
3
Column I Column II Z
(A) (p) Angular speed
(A) Electrostatic potential energy in (p) E0 n5
ground state of hydrogen atom Z2 (q) Magnetic field at the centre
(B) due to revolution of electron
(B) Total energy in first excited state (q) −E 0 n2
of He+ ion Z2 (r) Potential energy of an
(C) electron in nth orbit
(C) Kinetic energy of electron in first (r) 2E 0 n3
excited state of He+ ion Z
(D) (s) Speed of electron in nth orbit
n
(D) Kinetic energy of electron in (s) − 2E 0
ground state of hydrogen atom Codes
A B C D
Codes (a) s p q r
A B C D A B C D (b) q r p s
(a) p r s p (b) r p q q (c) q r s p
(c) p p p r (d) r p s q (d) q p r s

(C) Medical entrances’ gallery

(Collection of questions asked in NEET & various medical entrance exams)

1 The total energy of an electron in the nth stationary 5 15 eV is given to electron in 4th orbit, then find its
orbit of the hydrogen atom can be obtained by final energy when it comes out of H-atom.
[NEET 2020] [AIIMS 2019]
13.6 13.6 (a) 14.15 eV (b) 13.6 eV
(a) E n = 2 eV (b) E n = − 2 eV
n n (c) 12.08 eV (d) 15.85 eV
1.36 6 The ratio of kinetic energy to the total energy of an
(c) E n = − 2 eV (d) E n = − 13.6 × n 2 eV
n electron in a Bohr orbit of the hydrogen atom is
[NEET 2018]
2 For which one of the following, Bohr model is not
(a) 2 : −1 (b) 1 : −1
valid? [NEET 2020]
(c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : −2
(a) Singly ionised helium atom (He+ )
(b) Deuteron atom 7 Assertion If electron in an atom were stationary,
(c) Singly ionised neon atom (Ne+ ) then they would fall into the nucleus.
(d) Hydrogen atom Reason Electrostatic force of attraction acts between
3 The total energy of an electron in an atom in an negatively charged electrons and positive nucleus.
[AIIMS 2018]
orbit is −3.4 eV. Its kinetic and potential energies (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the
are, respectively [NEET 2019] correct explanation of Assertion.
(a) −3.4 eV, −6.8 eV (b) 3.4 eV, −6.8 eV (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not
(c) 3.4 eV, 3.4 eV (d) −3.4 eV, −3.4 eV the correct explanation of Assertion.
4 The radius of the first permitted Bohr orbit for the (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
electron, in a hydrogen atom equals 0.51 Å and its
ground state energy equals − 13.6 eV. If the electron 8 The ratio of wavelength of the last line of Balmer
in the hydrogen atom is replaced by muon ( µ −1 ) series and the last line of Lyman series is [NEET 2017]
[Charge same as electron and mass 207 me ], the first (a) 2 (b) 1
Bohr radius and ground state energy will be (c) 4 (d) 0.5
(a) 0.53 × 10−13 m, − 3.6 eV [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
9 Given the value of Rydberg constant is 10 7 m −1, the
wave number of the last line of the Balmer series in
(b) 25.6 × 10−13 m, − 2.8 eV
hydrogen spectrum will be [NEET 2016]
(c) 2.56 × 10−13 m, − 2.8 keV (a) 0.5 × 107 m −1 (b) 0.25 × 107 m −1
−13
(d) 2.56 × 10 m, − 13.6 eV (c) 2.5 × 10 m 7 −1
(d) 0.025 × 104 m −1
792 OBJECTIVE Physics Vol. 2

10 When an α-particle of mass m moving with velocity 17 A photon of wavelength 300 nm interacts with a
v bombards on a heavy nucleus of charge Ze, its stationary hydrogen atom in ground state. During the
distance of closest approach from the nucleus interaction, whole energy of the photon is
depends on m as [NEET 2016] transferred to the electron of the atom. State which
1 1 possibility is correct. (Take, Planck’s constant
(a) (b)
m m2 = 4 × 10 −15 eVs , velocity of light = 3 × 10 8 ms −1,
1 ionisation energy of hydrogen = 13.6 eV)
(c) m (d)
m [WB JEE 2015]

11 If an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from the (a) Electron will be knocked out of the atom.
3rd orbit to the 2nd orbit, it emits a photon of (b) Electron will go to any excited state of the atom.
wavelength λ. When it jumps from the 4th orbit to (c) Electron will go only to first excited state of the atom.
the 3rd orbit, the corresponding wavelength of the (d) Electron will keep orbiting in the ground state of the
photon will be [NEET 2016]
atom.
16 9 18 What is the wavelength of light for the least
(a) λ (b) λ
25 16 energetic photon emitted in the Lyman series of the
20 20 hydrogen spectrum? (Take, hc = 1240 eV-nm)
(c) λ (d) λ [KCET 2015]
7 13
(a) 122 nm (b) 82 nm
12 Consider 3rd orbit of He + (Helium), using (c) 150 nm (d) 102 nm
non-relativistic approach, the speed of electron in
19 The wavelength of K α , X-rays produced by an
this orbit will be (take, K = 9 × 10 9 constant, Z = 2
X-ray tube is 0.76 Å. The atomic number of the
and Planck's constant, h = 6.6 × 10 −34 J-s) anode material of the tube is [CG PMT 2015]
[CBSE AIPMT 2015] (a) 20 (b) 60
(a) 2.92 × 106 ms −1 (b) 1.46 × 106 ms −1 (c) 41 (d) 80
(c) 0.73 × 106 ms −1 (d) 3 × 108 ms −1 20 Hydrogen atom in ground state is excited by a
13 Number of spectral lines in hydrogen atom is monochromatic radiation of λ = 975 Å. Number of
[Guj. CET 2015] spectral lines in the resulting spectrum emitted will
(a) 8 (b) 6 be [CBSE AIPMT 2014]
(c) 15 (d) ∞ (a) 3 (b) 2
14 The excitation potential of hydrogen atom in the (c) 6 (d) 10
first excited state is [CG PMT 2015] 21 The de-Broglie wavelength of an electron in 4th
(a) 13.6 V (b) −13.6 V orbit is (where, r = radius of 1st orbit) [MHT CET 2014]
(c) 10.2 V (d) −10 V (a) 2πr (b) 4πr
15 Frequency of K β X-ray of a material, frequency of (c) 8πr (d) 16πr

K α X-ray and frequency of L α X-ray are related as 22 The ionisation energy of hydrogen is 13.6 eV. The
[UP CPMT 2015] energy of the photon released when an electron
(a) νK β = νK α + νL α (b) νK β = νK α − νL α jumps from the first excited state (n = 2) to the
νK νK ⋅ νL α ground state of hydrogen atom is [WB JEE 2014]
(c) νK β = α (d) νK2 β = α (a) 3.4 eV (b) 4.53 eV
νL α 2
(c) 10.2 eV (d) 13.6 eV
16 The ionisation energy of the electron in the 23 If an electron in hydrogen atom jumps from an orbit
hydrogen atom in its ground state is 13.6 eV. The of level n = 3 to an orbit of level n = 2 , emitted
atoms are excited to higher energy levels to emit radiation has a frequency (R = Rydberg’s constant,
radiations of 6 wavelengths. c = velocity of light) [MHT CET 2014]
Maximum wavelength of emitted radiation 3Rc Rc
corresponds to the transition between [Manipal 2015] (a) (b)
27 25
(a) n = 3 to n = 1 states (b) n = 4 to n = 3 states 8Rc 5Rc
(c) (d)
(c) n = 3 to n = 2 states (d) n = 2 to n = 1 states 9 36
Atoms 793

24 Ratio of longest wavelengths corresponding to 31 The figure shows the energy level of certain atom.
Lyman and Balmer series in hydrogen spectrum is When the electron de-excites from 3E to E, an
[NEET 2013] electromagentic wave of wavelength λ is emitted.
5 3 What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave
(a) (b)
27 23 5E
7 9 emitted when the electron de-excites from to E?
(c) (d) 3
29 31 [Karnataka CET 2013, UP CPMT 2013]
25 The Rutherford scattering experiment proves that an 3E
atom consists of [J & K CET 2013] 5E/3
(a) a sphere of positive charge in which electrons are E
embedded like seeds of water-melon (a) 3λ (b) 2λ
(b) a sphere of negative charge in which protons are 3λ
embedded like seeds of water-melon (c) 5λ (d)
(c) a sphere of electron cloud in which the positive charge 5
is placed at the centre of the sphere 32 Spectrum of X-rays is [MP PMT 2013]
(d) a sphere of neutral charge (a) continuous
26 According to Bohr model of hydrogen atom, only (b) linear
(c) continuous and linear
those orbits are permissible which satisfy the (d) band
condition [J & K CET 2013]
mv 2
33 Which series of hydrogen spectrum corresponds to
h 
(a) mv = nh (b) =n   ultraviolet region? [MP PMT 2013]
r  2π 
(a) Balmer series (b) Brackett series
h  h  (c) Paschen series (d) Lyman series
(c) mvr = n   (d) mvr 2 = n  
 2π   2π 
34 As per Bohr model, the minimum energy (in eV)
27 In Moseley's law ν = a (Z − b ), the values of the required to remove an electron from the ground state
screening constant for K-series and L-series of of doubly ionised Li-atom (Z = 3 ) is [UP CPMT 2013]
X-rays are respectively [EAMCET 2013] (a) 151 (b) 28.7
(a) 1, 7.4 (b) 1, 4 (c) 53.9 (d) 122.4
(c) 4, 6 (d) 2, 4 35 Electron in hydrogen atom first jumps from third
28 The K α X-ray of molybdenum has a wavelength of excited state to second excited state and then from
second excited to the first excited state. The ratio of
71×10 −12 m. If the energy of a molybdenum atom
the wavelengths λ 1 : λ 2 emitted in the two cases is
with K-electron removed is 23.32 keV, then the [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
energy of molybdenum atom when an L-electron (a) 7/5 (b) 27/20
removed is (hc = 12.42 × 10 −7 eV) [EAMCET 2013] (c) 27/5 (d) 20/7
(a) 17.5 keV (b) 40.82 keV
36 An electron of a stationary hydrogen atom passes
(c) 23.32 keV (d) 5.82 keV
from the fifth energy level to the ground level. The
29 Light emitted during the de excitation of electron velocity that the atom acquired as a result of photon
from n = 3 to n = 2, when incident on a metal, emission will be
photoelectrons are just emitted from that metal. In (m is the mass of the electron, R is Rydberg constant
which of the following de excitations photoelectric and h is Planck’s constant) [CBSE AIPMT 2012]
effect is not possible? [Karnataka CET 2013]
24 hR 25 h R
(a) From n = 2 to n = 1 (a) (b)
25 m 24 m
(b) From n = 3 to n = 1
(c) From n = 5 to n = 2 25 m 24 m
(c) (d)
(d) From n = 4 to n = 3 24 h R 25 h R
30 The ionisation energy of an electron in the ground 37 Assertion Balmer series lies in the visible region of
state of helium atom is 24.6 eV. The energy electromagnetic spectrum.
required to remove both the electron is 1  1 1
[Karnataka CET 2013] Reason = R  2 − 2  , where n = 3, 4, 5, ... .
(a) 51.8 eV (b) 79 eV λ 2 n 
(c) 38.2 eV (d) 49.2 eV [AIIMS 2012]
794 OBJECTIVE Physics Vol. 2

(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the 41 The wavelength of first line of Balmer series is
correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not
6563 Å. The wavelength of first line of Lyman
the correct explanation of Assertion. series will be [Manipal 2012]
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. (a) 1215.4 Å (b) 2500 Å
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false. (c) 7500 Å (d) 600 Å
38 If the series limit of Lyman series for hydrogen atom 42 The electron of a hydrogen atom revolves round the
is equal to the series limit of Balmer series for a proton in a circular nth orbit of radius
hydrogen like atom, then atomic number of this e2
hydrogen like atom is rn = ε 0 n 2h 2 / (πme 2 ) with a speed, v n = .
[BCECE Mains 2012] 2 ε 0 nh
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4 The current due to the circulating charge is
proportional to [AMU 2012]
39 In Bohr model of hydrogen atom, the force on the (a) e 2 (b) e 3
electron depends on the principal quantum number
(c) e 5 (d) e 6
(n ) as [BHU 2012]
1 43 Consider a hydrogen like atom whose energy in nth
(a) independent of n (b) F ∝
n5 13.6Z 2
1 1 excited state is given by E n = − , when this
(c) F ∝ (d) F ∝ 3 n2
n4 n
excited atom makes a transition from excited state to
40 The wavelength of K α line in copper is 1.5 Å. The ground state, most energetic photons have energy
ionisation energy of K electron in copper is E max = 52 .224 eV and least energetic photons have
[Manipal 2012]
−17
energy E min = 1.224 eV. The atomic number of atom
(a) 11.2 × 10 J
is [JCECE 2011]
(b) 13.2 × 10−16 J
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 1.7 × 10−15 J (c) 5 (d) None of these
(d) 10 × 10−16 J
 ANSWERS
CHECK POINT 12.1
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (b)

CHECK POINT 12.2

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (c)

CHECK POINT 12.3

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (a)

(A) Taking it together

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (c) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (b)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (d) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (c) 45. (b) 46. (c) 47. (c) 48. (a) 49. (d) 50. (c)
51. (b) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. (a) 56. (a) 57. (c) 58. (a) 59. (d) 60. (b)
61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (b) 64. (b) 65. (a) 66. (b) 67. (c) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (d)
71. (a) 72. (a) 73. (a) 74. (d) 75. (b) 76. (a) 77. (b) 78. (d) 79. (c) 80. (b)
81. (d) 82. (c) 83. (b) 84. (a) 85. (a) 86. (d) 87. (d) 88. (d) 89. (a) 90. (c)
91. (a)

(B) Medical entrance special format questions

l Assertion and reason
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (d)

l Statement based questions

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (d)

l Match the columns

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b)

(C) Medical entrances’ gallery

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (d)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (d) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (d) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (d) 35. (d) 36. (a) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (c) 40. (b)
41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (a)