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Vectors 4 - Angle

The document discusses three topics about vectors: 1) It provides the law of cosines formula to calculate the angle between two vectors. 2) It defines orthogonal vectors as those whose dot product is 0, and provides an example of finding the value of an unknown variable using this property. 3) It defines parallel vectors as those that are scalar multiples of one another, and provides an example of finding the value of an unknown variable by setting their components equal via this scalar property.

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Salsabila Fitri
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Vectors 4 - Angle

The document discusses three topics about vectors: 1) It provides the law of cosines formula to calculate the angle between two vectors. 2) It defines orthogonal vectors as those whose dot product is 0, and provides an example of finding the value of an unknown variable using this property. 3) It defines parallel vectors as those that are scalar multiples of one another, and provides an example of finding the value of an unknown variable by setting their components equal via this scalar property.

Uploaded by

Salsabila Fitri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VECTORS:

ANGLE BETWEEN 2 VECTORS,


ORTHOGONAL VECTOR,
PARALLEL VECTOR
M AT H G R A D E 1 0
ANGLE BETWEEN 2 VECTORS
Apply law of cosine: A
𝐵𝐶 2= |𝐴𝐵|2+ |𝐴𝐶|2 - 2. |𝐴𝐵|. |𝐴𝐶|. Cos θ (1)
𝑢 θ 𝑣
According to the figure beside:
𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
B
C
𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 - 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑣 − 𝑢

|BC|2 = 𝑣 −𝑢 2
= (𝑣 − 𝑢)2
= 𝑣2 − 2. 𝑣 . 𝑢 + 𝑢 2
= 𝑣 2 + 𝑢 2 – 2. 𝑢 . 𝑣 (2)
From (1) and (2):
|𝐴𝐵|2+ |𝐴𝐶|2 - 2. |𝐴𝐵|. |𝐴𝐶|. Cos θ = 𝑣 2+ 𝑢 2 – 2. 𝑢 . 𝑣
𝒖.𝒗
|𝑢|2+ |𝑣|2 - 2. |𝑢|. |𝑣|. Cos θ = 𝑣 2+ 𝑢 2– 2. 𝑢 . 𝑣 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 =
𝒖 𝒗
- 2. |𝑢|. |𝑣|. Cos θ = – 2. 𝑢 . 𝑣
EXAMPLE

Given known point A (2, -3, 4), B(4, -4, 3), and C(3, -5, 5). Find angle BAC!

Solution:
• Finding ∠A
∠A is between vectors 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 - 𝑂𝐴 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 - 𝑂𝐴
4 2 2 3 2 1
= −4 − −3 = −1 = −5 − −3 = −2
3 4 −1 5 4 1

𝐴𝐵 = 22 + (−1)2 +(−1)2 = 6 𝐴𝐶 = 12 + (−2)2 + 12 = 6


2 1
𝐴𝐵 . 𝐴𝐶 = −1 . −2 = 2 + 2 -1 = 3
−1 1

𝐴𝐵 . 𝐴𝐶 3 3 1
cos ∠𝐴 =
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
= = =
6 2
So, ∠𝐴 = 60⁰
6. 6
ORTHOGONAL VECTORS
𝒖.𝒗 2 𝑥
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 = 𝑢 = −6 and 𝑣 = 1 are ortoghonal vector
𝒖 𝒗 4 −2
𝒖 .𝒗 Find the value of x
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟗𝟎° =
𝒖 𝒗 𝒖 .𝒗 = 0
𝒖 .𝒗 2 𝑥
0=
𝒖 𝒗 −6 . 1 = 0
𝟎 = 𝒖 .𝒗 4 −2
2x -6 – 8 = 0
2x – 14= 0
𝒖 ⊥𝒗 𝒖 .𝒗 = 0 2x = 14
x=7
PARALEL VECTORS
𝑥1 𝑥2
𝑢 = 𝑦1 𝑣 = 𝑦2
𝑧1 𝑧2
𝑢 = 𝑚 .𝑣 m∈ℝ
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑚. 𝑥2
𝑦1 = m. 𝑦2 = 𝑚. 𝑦2
𝑧1 𝑧2 𝑚. 𝑧2

𝑥1 = m. 𝑥2
𝑥1 𝑦1 𝑧1
𝑦1 = m. 𝑦2 = = =m
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
𝑧1 = m. 𝑧2
EXAMPLE

2 4
𝑢 = −3 𝑣 = −6
4 𝑎
𝑢 and 𝑣 Are parallel. Find the value of a
𝑥1 𝑦1 𝑧1 4
= = =m =m
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
𝑎
2 −3 4
= = =m 4 1
4 −6 𝑎 =
𝑎 2
1
=m 1
2
4 = .𝑎
2
𝒂=𝟖
THANKS AND
SEE YOU
B Y M I S S N A D I YA

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