JR Che Ipe Que & Answers
JR Che Ipe Que & Answers
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
1. What are the postulates of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom? Discuss the
importance of this model to explain various series of line spectra in hydrogen
atom?
Ans: Postulates:
1. The electrons are revolves around the nucleus in a fixed circular paths is called
orbits.
2. These orbits are denoted by K, L, M, N… or 1, 2, 3, 4…….
3. As long as electron revolves in a particular orbit it does not lose or gain energy.
These orbits are called Stationary orbits.
4. The angular momentum of electron is always integral multiple of h it is given by
2
nh
mvr .
2
2. How are the quantum numbers n,l and m, s arrived at ? Explain the
significance of these quantum numbers?
A. Quantum numbers are 4 types
1. Principle quantum number
2. Azimutal Quantum number
3. Magnetic Quantum number
4. Spin Quantum number
I. PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBER :-(n)
1. It was proposed by Bohr.
2. It was denoted by ‘n’
3. The value of n are 1,2,3,4….(or) K,L,M,N….. respectively.
4. The maximum no. of electrons in an orbit = 2n 2
5. Significance: It indicates the size and energy of the orbit.
II. AZIMUTHAL QUANTUM NUMBER (l ) :-
1. It was proposed by sommer field.
2. It was denoted by ‘l’
3. The value of l depends on n-1
4. The no. of sub shell in an energy level =n.
5. Significance: It indicates the shape of orbitals.
III MAGNETIC QUANTUM NUMBER (m) :-
1. It was proposed by landae.
2. It was denoted by ‘m’.
3. The value of m depends on ‘l’. The values of ‘m’ are from l to l including 0.
4. The no of orbital’s in sub shell = 2l 1
5. Significance: It indicates the orientation of orbital’s in space.
IV SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER (s) :-
1. It was proposed by Goudsmith and uhlenbeck.
2. It was denoted by ‘s’
3. ‘S’ values are like +1/2, and -1/2.
4. Clock wise +½, and anti clock wise -1/2
5. Significance: It indicates the spin of the electron.
3. Explain the Any four differences between Emission and Absorption
spectrum?
A.
Emission spectrum Absorption spectrum
1. It is formed, when the substance 1. It is formed, when the substance
emits the radiation. absorb the radiation
2. White lines are formed on the block 2. Block lines are formed on the white
back ground. back ground.
3. It is classified in to two types. 3. It is not classified.
a. Continuous spectrum,
b. Discontinuous spectrum
4. In which electron transferred from 4. In which electron transferred from
high energy level to lower energy level. lower level to higher energy level.
4. Define atomic orbital. Explain the shapes of s, p and d orbital’s the help of
diagrams?
A. The maximum probability of finding electron around the nucleus is called atomic
orbital
Shape of s,p,d orbital’s:
S-Orbital : For ‘1s’ orbital
n 1, l 0, m 0
Shape is spherical
P-Orbital: For ‘2p’ orbital
n 2, l 1, m 1, 0, 1
shape of p-orbital is Dumb-bell
p orbital designated as px , p y , p z orbitals
d-Orbital:
PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION
1. Define IE1 and IE2 . Why is IE2 IE1 for a given atom ? Discuss the factors that
effect IE of an element ?
A. IONIZATIONAL POTENTIAL: - The minimum amount of energy required to
remove valency electron from an atom is called ionization potential (I.E1)
M g IE1 M (g ) e
SECOND IONIZATION POTENTIAL: - The minimum amount of energy required to
remove valency electron from an uni positive ion is called second ionization
potential (I.E2) M IE M 2 e
(g) 2 (g)
IE2 IE1 : IE2 is always greater than IE1 . Because in uni positive ion, number of
protons is more than the number of electrons. So in uni positive ion nuclear
charge is more.Hence IE2 is greater than IE1
Influencing factors of ionization potential:-
1.ATOMIC SIZE: - The atomic size is increased, I.P value is decreases.
1
I .P
atomic size
2. NUCLEAR CHARGE: - nuclear charge increases, I.P value is increases.
I.P Nuclear charge
3. SHEILDING EFFECT: - sheilding effect increases, I.P values is decreases.
I .P 1
screeing effect
2. P- BLOCK ELEMENTS:-
1. The differentiating electron enters in p-orbital are called p - block elements.
2. p-block elements are at right side of the periodic table
3. General electronic configuration of P- block elements are ns 2 np1 6
4. These are negative in nature.
5. These are oxidizing agents.
3. D- BLOCK ELEMENTS:-
1. The differentiating electron enters in (n-1)d-sub shell are called d - block
elements.
2. General electronic configuration of d- block elements are (n 1)d 110 ns12
3. These are hard metals.
4. These are having high BP & MP.
5. These are Para magnetic.
6. These are forms the colour compounds.
7. These are forms the alloys.
4. f- BLOCK ELEMENTS:-
1. The differentiating electron enters in (n-2)f-sub shell are known as f - block
elements.
2. f-block elements are placed at bottom of the periodic table
3. General electronic configuration of f- block elements are (n 2) f 114 (n 1)d 01ns 2
4. These are two types like lanthoids and actinoids
5. These are radioactive elements.
4. Write the configuration of element and their properties in the classification
of elements?
Ans: Based on the properties and electronic configuration the elements are divided in
four types.
1. Noble Gases, 2. Representative elements,
3. Transitions Elements, 4. Inner Transitions Elements.
1. Noble gases:-
i. These are also called zero group elements
ii. The general electronic configuration is ns 2 np 6 Except ' He ' ns 2
iii. These are chemically inactive.
iv. These elements EN value is zero
2. Representative elements:-
i. Except zero group, remaining S and P-block elements are called Representative
elements
ii. They are chemically active.
iii. The general electronic configuration is ns12 , np1 5 .
iv. These are metals and non-metals
3. Transition elements:
1. These are also called d-Block Elements.
2. The general electronic configuration is n 1 d 19 ns12
3. These are hard metals.
4. These are having high BP & MP.
5. These are Para magnetic.
6. These are forms the colour compounds.
7. These are forms the alloys.
4. Inner transition elements:
1. f-blocks elements are called inner transition elements
2. The general electronic configuration is n 2 f 114 n 1 d 01ns 2
3. These are two types like lanthoids and actinoids
4. These are radioactive elements.
CHEMICAL BONDING
1. What do you understand of Hybridization ? Explain different types of
hybridization involving s,p and d orbital’s.
Ans: The process of intermixing of atomic orbitals having same energy and reproduced
the same number of new hybrid orbitals are called hybridization.
Hybridisation is 3-types
1. SP-hybridization, 2. SP2-hybridization, 3. SP3-hybridization.
1.SP hybridisation:
The process of intermixing of one S-orbital and One P-orbital to produce the two
new identical hybrid orbital’s are called Sp-hybridization.
EX: BeCl2
1. Central atom – Be,
2. Hybridisation-SP
3. Shape – Linear
4. Bond angle - 1800
2. SP hybridization
2
The process of intermixing of one S-orbital and Two P-orbital to produce the Three
new identical hybrid orbital’s are called Sp 2 -hybridization
Ex. BCl3
1. Central atom-Boran
2. Hybridisation-SP2
3. Shape – Trigonal planer
4. Bond angle - 1200
3. Sp3 hybridation
The process of intermixing of one S-orbital and Three P-orbital to produce the
Four new identical hybrid orbital’s are called Sp 3 -hybridization
Ex: CH 4
1. Central atom-carbon,
2. Hybridisation-SP3
3. Shape : Tetrahedral
4. Bond angle 1090 281
3 3 v
1 m1n1u22 1 m1n1u22
For I ST gas p1 , For 2nd gas p2
3 v 3 v
1 1
pv m1n1u12 m2 n2u22
3 3
1 m1n1u1 1 m2 n2u22
2
p
3 v 3 v
p p1 p2 This is Dalton’s law
3. State and explain Graham law diffusion?
Ans: At constant temperature and pressure, the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely
proportional to the square root of it`s density
1
r
d
At const T & P, if r1 & r2 are rate of diffusion of two gases and it`s densities d1 & d 2
r1 d2
...................(1)
r2 d1
Density (d) is directly proportional to molar mass (m)
d m2
2 2
d1 m1
From Eq. (1) r1 M 2
r2 M1
PN P3 H
2 2
But PV=nRT
n
P RT CRT
v
Where c= conc of the gas
PNH3 = NH3 g RT
PN 2 = H 2 g RT
KP 3 3 3
2 2
NH RT
N 2 RT H 2 RT
K P 3 3 . 4
2 2
NH RT
N 2 H 2 RT
K p K C RT
24
K p K C RT
2
K P KC
7. Write notes on
1. Common ion effect
2. The relation between K sp and solubility (S) of a sparingly soluble salt BaSO4
A. Common ion Effect: The suppression of the solubility of first electrolyte in water
by the addition of another electrolyte, which has a common ion with the first
electrolyte, is called common ion effect
Example: The dissociation of NH4OH is suppressed by the addition of NH4Cl due
to the common ion,
NH 4ion
NH 4OH NH 4 OH
NH 4Cl NH 4 Cl
ii. The relation between Ksp and solubility (S) of a sparingly soluble salt BaSO4
BaSO4 Ba 2 SO42
K sp Ba 2 SO42
Ksp S S S 2 S K sp
8. What is homogenous and heterogeneous equilibrium? With suitable
examples.
A. If the physical state of reactants and products are same in an equilibrium reaction
then the equilibrium is called homogenous equilibrium.
e.g: H 2 g I 2 g 2 HI g
N2 g 3H 2 g 2NH3 g
If the physical state of reactants a and product are different in an equilibrium
reaction then the equilibrium is called heterogeneous equilibrium
e.g .CaCO3 s CaO s CO2 g
Ni s 4CO g Ni CO 4
g
9. What is ionic product of water? What is its value at room temperature?
A. Ksp is defined as the product of “the concentrations of H+ and OH- ions in water or
aqueous solutions at a given temperature”
The concentration of H+ ion was found experimentally as 10 107 M at 250 C
At room temperature 250 C or 298K value of Kwfor water = 10 1014 mol 2lit 2
THERMODYNAMICS
1. Explain Hess law of constant heat summation
A. One chemical reaction is takes place either single step (or) several steps, finally energy changes
remains constant.
Ex:- CO2 formation
Single step:- C O2 CO2 H 393KJ
Serval steps:- 1. C 12 O2 CO H1 293KJ
2. CO 12 O2 CO2 H 2 110KJ
H H1 H 2
2. State the first law of the thermodynamics
A. 1. First law of the thermodynamics is also called law of conservation of energy.
2. “The energy neither be created nor destroyed. But it change to one form to another form”.
3. “First law says that, it is impossible to construct a perpetual motion of machine of time kind.”
4.”Q” amount of energy is given to the system is equal to sum of the change in internal energy (∆E)
and work done (w) on externally.
Q E W
ButW P. V
Q E P. V
3. Explain IInd law of thermodynamics and explain it?
A. 1.Heat cannot flow from colder body to hotter body on its own.
2. Water cannot flows from low level area to high level area on its own.
3. Air cannot flows from low pressure area to high pressure area on its own.
4. All spontaneous process are thermodynamically irreversible.
4. What is Entropy ? Explain with examples?
A. Entropy: The measurement of disorderness of a system is called Entropy.
1. It is a state function & extensive property.
2. It is denoted by “S”.
3. It is calculated by. q
S T
q=Quantity of heat.
∆T=Absolute temperature
4. Solids having less or zero entropy value, gases having highest entropy value.
Solids liquids gases
5. State the third law of thermodynamics. What do you understand by it?
A. Solids having entropy value is zero at their absolute zero temperatures 2730 C
T 0 S 0
This is known as the third law of thermodynamics
6. Define heat capacity? What are CP and CV? show that CP-CV = R.?
A. Heat capacity(C): The amount of heat required to raising the temperature of the
substance through one degree.
C = q/dT
Q is heat absorbed. dT rise in temperature
Q = dU + PdV:
We can write equation for heat q
At constant pressure as qP CP T H , (1)
At constant volume as qP CP T U , (2)
The difference between CPand CV can be derived for an ideal gas:
For a mole of an ideal gas H U , pV
U RT U RT
H U RT 3
ON PUTTING (1) AND (2) IN (3) WE GET
We have C p T CV T RT
CP CV R
CP CV R
CP= The molar heat capacity at constant pressure
CV = The molar heat capacity at constant volume.
R = gas constant
7. Explain the spontaneity of a process in terms of Gibbs energy?
A. Gibbs energy: The amount of energy is available in a system, which can be used to
do useful work at constant temperature and pressure is called Gibbs energy
G H TS
∆H ∆S ∆G Type of reactions
+ + + None-Spontaneous at low temperature
- - - Spontaneous at low temperature
8. Explain extensive and intensive properties ?
A. The various physical properties of the system may be classified into two types
a) Extensive Properties : Properties of the system which depend on the total
amount of the material present in the system
Example: Mass (m), Volume (v),
b) Intensive properties: Properties of a system which are independent of the
amount of the material in the system,
Example : Density (d), surface tension.
HYDROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
1. Discuss with relevant chemical equations, various methods of preparing `
Hydrogen peroxide, which of these methods is useful to prepare D 2O 2 .
(i) From BaO 2 :
BaO .8H O H SO 2 2 2 4
H 2O 2 BaSO 4 8H 2O .
(ii) Auto oxidation:
2-alkyl anthraquinol on auto oxidation forms H 2O 2
2 Ethyl anthraquinol 2 alkyl anthraquinone H 2O2
(iii) Electrolytic method:
50% H 2SO 4 on electrolysis followed by distillation forms H 2O 2 .
2H SO 2H 2HSO
2 4 4
2HSO H S O 2e
4 2 2 8
H S O 2H O H O 2H SO
2 2 8 2 2 2 2 4
3NO2 3H 2 O 3NO3 6 H 6e
Cr2 O72 14 H 6e 2Cr 3 7 H 2O
------------------------------------------------------
3NO2 Cr2 O72 8H 3NO3 2Cr 3 4 H 2 O
-------------------------------------------------------
b. MnO41 SO32 Mn 2 SO42
Oxidization Half reaction Reduction Half Reaction
2
SO SO
2
3 4 MnO4 Mn 2
i) Balance oxygen atoms i) Balance oxygen atoms
SO32 H 2 O SO42 MnO4 Mn 2 4 H 2 O
ii) Balance Hydrogen atoms ii) Balance Hydrogen atoms
SO32 H 2O SO42 2 H MnO4 8H Mn 2 4 H 2O
iii) Balance charge Balance charge
SO 2
3 H 2 O SO 2 H 2e 5
2
4
MnO
4 8H 5e Mn 2 4 H 2O 2
So42 4 H 2e So2 2 H 2O
------------------------------------------------------
So42 4H 2Br So2 Br2 2H 2O
-------------------------------------------------------
d. MnO4 C2O42 Mn2 CO2
Oxidization Half reaction Reduction Half Reaction
2
C2 O 4 CO2 MnO4 Mn 2
i) Balance carbon atoms i) Balance oxygen atoms
C2 O42 2CO2 MnO4 Mn 2 4 H 2 O
ii) Balance charge ii) Balance charge
C O 2
2
4 2CO2 2e 5
MnO4 8H Mn 2 4 H 2 O
iii) Balance charge
MnO 4 8H 5e Mn 2 4 H 2O 2
Problem : 2:- A carbon compound contains 12.8% carbon, 21% Hydrogen, 85.1%
Bromine. The molecular weight of compound is 187.9. Calculate the molecular
formula.
Element % of composition Atomic ratio Simplest ratio
Carbon 12.8 12.8
1.067
1.067
1
12 1.067
Hydrogen 2.1 2.1
2.1
2.1
2
1 1.067
Bromine 85.1 85.1
1.067
1.067
1
80 1.067
The empirical formula is CH 2 Br
Empirical formula weight 12 2 1 80 94
Molecular weight = 187.9
187.9
n 2
94
CH2 Br 2
C2 H 4 Br2
Problem : 3:- Calculate the empirical of the compound having % composition
Potassium K 26.57% ; Chromium Cr 35.36%; Oxygen (O)=38.07%
Given the atomic weights of K, Cr, and O as 39,52 and 16 respectively.
Element % of composition Atomic Simplest ratio
ratio
Potassium 26.57 26.57 0.68
0.68 1 2 2
39 0.68
Chromium 35.36 35.36 0.68
0.68 1 2 2
52 0.68
Oxygen 38.07 38.07 2.38
2.38 3.5 2 7
16 0.68
The empirical formula of the compound = K 2Cr2O7
S - BLOCK ELEMENTS
1. What do you know about Costner –Kellner process? Write the principle involved
in it.
A. Sodium hydroxide can be prepared by the electrolysis of sodium chloride in
castner-kellner process.
Cathode: Hg
Anode: carbon rod
Ionization: 2 NaCl 2 Na 2Cl
At anode : 2Cl Cl2 2e
At cathode: 2 Na 2e Na2 Hg (amalgam)
Hg
The amalgam is treated with water to give sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas
2 Na Hg 2H 2O 2 NaOH 2Hg H 2
2. Give an account of the biological importance of Na and K ions?
Sodium ( Na ):
1. It helps in the transmission of nerve signals.
2. It helps in regulating the flow of water across cells.
3. It helps to transport of Sugar’s & amino acids into the cell.
Potassium ( K ):
1. It helps in activation of enzymes.
2. It converts glucose to ATP.
3. It helps in the transmission of nerve signals.
3. Explain the biological importance of Magnesium ( Mg 2 ) & Calcium( Ca 2 )
A. Mg 2 :
1. It helps in relaxing nerves and muscles.
2. It helps in circulation of blood.
3. These are helps in photosynthasis.
Ca 2 :
1. It helps in blood coagulation.
2. It is present in bones
3. There are helps in teeth formation
4. Give an account of the properties of washing soda?
Washing soda: 1. It is a white crystalline solid substance.
2. Its formula = Na2CO310H3O
3. Na2CO3 is reacts with HCl forms the NaCl
Na2CO3 2 HCl 2 NaCl H 2O CO3
4. Na2CO3 is reacts with SiO2forms the Na2SiO3
Na2CO3 SiO2 Na2 SiO3 CO3
5. What is plaster of paris? Write a short note on it.
A. 1. Hemi-hydrated calcium sulphate is called plaster of pairs
1
2. Its formula is CaSO4. H 2O
2
3. Gypsum is heated forms plaster of pairs.
1 3
CaSO4 2 H 2O CaSO2 H 2O H 2O
2 2
(Gypsum) (Plaster of pairs)
Uses: 1. It is used to construction of buildings.
2. it is used in preparation of artificial legs and hands.
3. It is used in preparation of statues.
4. It is used preparation of dolls
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. Complete the following reaction and name the product A,B and C.
AlCl3 CH 3Cl
CaC2
H 2O
A
hotmetaltube
B C
A. A C2 H 2 - Acetylene.
B C6 H 6 - Benzene.
C C6 H 5 CH 3 - Methyl Benzene.
2. Name the products A,B and C formed in the following reactions. Give the
equations for the reactions.
Ethylene Br2 / CCl4
A Alc. KOH
B
Br2
C
A. A C2 H 4 Br2 - ethylene dibromide.
B C2 H 2 - Acetylene .
C C2 H 2 Br4 - 1,1,2,2-tetra bromo ethane.
3. What is substitution reaction? Explain any two substitution reactions of
benzene.
A. The reactions in which an atom (or) group in a molecule is replaced by another
atom (or) group is called substitution reaction.
Ex: 1. C6 H 6 CH 3 I AlCl3
C6 H 5CH 3 HI
Benzene methyl benzene
2. C6 H 6 Cl2 FeCl 3
C6 H 5Cl HCl
Benzene Chloro Benzene
4. Which type of compounds react with Ozone? Explain with one example.
A. Unsaturated hydrocarbons reacts with ozone.
Ex: ethylene reacts with ozone to give ethylene ozonide which on hydrolysis in
presence of ‘Zn’ gives formaldehyde.
O
H 2C CH2
CH 2 CH 2 O3
O O H 2O
Zn
2 HCHO H 2O2
Ethylene ozonide
5. Give two examples each for position and functional isomerism. (Mar 02,
05,13)
A. Position isomerism: It arises due to difference in the position of substituent (or)
functional group (or) multiple bond.
Ex: 1. C3 H 7Cl
Cl
l
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Cl CH 3 CH CH 3
1-Chloro propane 2-Chloro propane
Ex: 2. C3 H 7OH
OH
l
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH CH 3 CH CH 3
1- propanol 2- propanol
Functional Group isomerism: It arises due to the difference in the functional
group.
EX: 1. C2 H 6O
CH 3 CH 2 OH CH 3 O CH 3
Ethyl alcohol Dimethyl ether
EX: 2. C3 H 6O
O
CH3 CH 2 CHO CH 3 C CH 3
Propanal Propanone
6. What do you understand about Geometrical isomerism? Explain the
Geometircal isomers of 2-butene.
A. Isomers which have same structural formula but differ in the spatial arrangement
of atoms or groups around the double bond are called Geometrical isomers and
the phenomenon is called Geometrical isomerism.
Ex: 2-Butene
EXTRA QUESTIONS
1. Explain photo electric effect?
Ans: when light is exposed on metal surface they emit electrons. This is known as photo
electric effect
Incident rays
h W K.E
1
h h o mv 2
2
Except Li remaining alkali metals are used in photo electric cells. Due to low I.P.
2. Explain briefly the plank`s quantum theory?
Ans: i. The perfect emitter (or) absorber of the radiant energy is known as black body.
ii. Black body emits radiation in the form of energy packets are called quantum
iii. The emitted radiant energy is propagated in the form of waves.
iv. The associated energy with each quantum is given by E h .
3. Explain Heisenberg`s uncertainty principle?
Ans: It is impossible to determine the exact position and exact momentum of an
electron simultaneously.
h h
x.p (or) x. p mv
4 4 m
Where x, v uncertainty in position and velocity.
M = mass of the electron.
Significance: It is applicable for only micro particles but not macro particles.
4. Explain Debroglies theory?
Ans: Moving particle exhibit particle and wave nature
Derivation:
A/c to Eisenstein equation E mc2 1
A/c to quantum theory E h 2
From (1) and (2) mc 2 h
mc 2
hc c
h or h h
mc mv p
5. Explain dative bond: (or) co-ordinate covalent bond?
The bond formed by sharing of e pair is contributed by only one of the two boned
atoms is called co-ordinate covalent bond.
It is indicated by mark ( ) Ex: NH 4 , H3O , NH 3 BF3
Formation of H 3O : A dative bond is formed between H 2O and H where
H 2O acts as donar due to ‘O’ contain electron pair. H acts as acceptor due to
H contains vacant orbital.
H
:0: + H H 3O
H
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
STATES OF MATTER
1. Why the gas constant ‘R’ is called universal gas constant?
A. The gas constant ‘R’ value is same for all gases. So it is called universal gas
constant
2. Which of the gases diffuses faster among N 2 , O2 and CH 4 why?
A. CH 4 , due to low molecular weight
3. How many time methane diffuses faster than sulphur dioxide?
A. Methane gas diffuses 2 times faster than sulphrdixoide (sO2)
4. What is Boltzman’s constant? Give its value
A. Gas constant per molecule is known as Boltzmann constant
R
k 1.38 1016 ergk 1molecule 1
N
5. What is Boyle temperature?
A. At which temperature real gas behaves as ideal gas is known as Boyle’s
temperature.
6. Why pressure cooker is used for cooking food on hills?
A. On hills atmosphere pressure is very low. Then the water boils at low temperature.
So pressure cooker is used for cooking food on hills
7. What is critical temperature? Give its value for CO2
A. the temperature, above it’s the gases cannot be liquefied even though applying
high pressure is called critical temperature. CO2 30.980 C
8. What is compressibility factor?
A. The ratio between PV and nRT is called compressibility fator (Z).
PV
Z
nRT
9. What is coefficient of viscosity? Give its units?
A. The force, when the velocity of gradient is unit and area of contact is unit is called
coefficient of viscosity.
10. Calculate kinetic energy of 5 moles of nitrogen at 27 0 C ?
A. Kinetic energy of 5 moles of nitrogen gas at 27 0 C is
3 3
Ek nRT Ek 5 2 300 4500cal
2 2
STOICHIOMETRY
1. How many number of moles of glucose are present in the 540 grams of
Glucose?
A. Formula of Glucose. C6H12O6
Gram molecular weight of Glucose =180 grams
Weight of glucose = 540 grams
W 540
No. of moles of glucose 3moles
GmW 180
2. What is reduce concept? Give an example?
A. In chemical reactions, both oxidation and reduction reactions are takes place is
called redox reaction.
Ex: -
5. What are comportionation reaction? Give an example?
A. Two same species having different oxidation numbers forms the product. This
product having intermediate oxidation number.
Ex. Ag 2 Ag 0 2 Ag 1
6. What volume of CO2 is obtained at STP by heating 4 grams of CaCO3 ?
A. CaCO3 Cao CO2
100gr ----- 22.4 liters
4 gr ----- ?
22.4 4 89.6
0.896 liters of CO2
100 100
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