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Lecture 49 - Introduction To DC Machines

This document provides an overview of basic electrical engineering and DC machines. It discusses the introduction, construction, working principles, advantages and disadvantages of DC machines. The key parts of a DC machine include the yoke, field winding, poles, armature, commutator and brushes. It explains that a DC generator converts mechanical power to electrical power, while a DC motor converts electrical power to mechanical power.

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Sahil Dhapola
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
84 views

Lecture 49 - Introduction To DC Machines

This document provides an overview of basic electrical engineering and DC machines. It discusses the introduction, construction, working principles, advantages and disadvantages of DC machines. The key parts of a DC machine include the yoke, field winding, poles, armature, commutator and brushes. It explains that a DC generator converts mechanical power to electrical power, while a DC motor converts electrical power to mechanical power.

Uploaded by

Sahil Dhapola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Electrical Engineering

(TEE 101)

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini


Content

This lecture
covers:

Advantages and
Introduction to DC Working Principle Construction of DC
Disadvantages of DC
Machine of DC Machine Machine
Machine

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini By: Dr. Parvesh Saini 2


Introduction

A DC machine is an electromechanical energy alteration device.

DC machines are of two types:

• DC Generator
• DC Motors
The main function of the DC generator is to convert mechanical power to DC electrical power, whereas a DC
motor converts DC power to mechanical power.

DC Generator or Motor are further classified on the basis of how the field is produced by the field system

The broad categories are: Separately Excited DC Machines and Self Excited DC machines

Self Excited DC machines are further classified as: Series Wound, Shunt Wound and Compound Wound

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini


Construction of DC Machine
Armature core

Important parts of DC
Armature winding
motor:
1. Yoke Field coil
2. Field winding
3. poles Rotation
4. Armature Pole axis
5. Commutator, brushes
& gear
Pole core
6. Brushes Shaft

Pole face
Field yoke

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini


1. Yoke (Magnetic Frame) :
 It acts as the outer support of a DC motor.
 It provides mechanical support for the poles.
 It carries the magnetic flux produced by the poles.

2. Poles:
pole of a dc motor is an electromagnet.
The field winding is wound over the poles.
Poles produces magnetic flux when the filed winding is
excited.

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini


3. Field winding:
 The coils wound around the pole
are called field coils and they are
connected in series with each
other to form field winding.
 When current passing through the
field winding, magnetic flux
produced in the air gap between
pole and armature.

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini


4. Armature:
Armature is a cylindrical drum mounted on shaft in which number of
slots are provided.
Armature conductors are placed in these slots.
Theses armature conductors are interconnected to form the armature
winding.

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini


5. Commutator:
Commutator is a mechanical rectifier, which
converts the alternating voltage generated in
the armature winding into direct voltage across
the brush.
It is made of copper segments insulated from
each other by mica and mounted on the shaft
of the machine.
The armature windings are connected to the
commutator segments. Commutator

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini


6. Brushes:
 Commutator is rotating. So it is not possible
to connect the load directly to it.
 Hence current is conducted from the armature
to the external load by the carbon brushes
which are held against the surface of
commutator by springs.

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini


By: Dr. Parvesh Saini
Working Principle of DC Generator

Works on Faraday’s Law of Electro-magnetic Induction.


It states that when a conductor is rotated in magnetic
field, an emf is induced on the conductor. The direction
this emf is given by Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
By: Dr. Parvesh Saini
Working Principle of DC Motor

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini


By: Dr. Parvesh Saini
ADVANTAGES
• High starting torque
• Rapid acceleration and deceleration.
• Speed can be easily controlled over wide speed range.
• Used in tough jobs (traction motors, electric trains, electric cars,….).
• Built in wide range of sizes.

DISADVANTAGES
• Needs regular maintenance (Brushes + Commutator).
• Cannot be used in explosive area.
• High cost (because of their complex armature construction).
• Larger in size for the same output

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini


Thank You

By: Dr. Parvesh Saini 15

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