KVS ZIET BHUBANESWAR

CBTI XII PHY CH_1_ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS

Q. NO QUESTION
MCQ s 1 MARK EACH
1. Two similar spheres having +Q and -Q charges are kept at a certain distance. The force F acts between
the two charges. If at the middle of two spheres, another similar sphere having +Q charge is kept, then it
experiences a force in magnitude and direction as
(A) zero having no direction (B) 8F towards +Q charge
(C) 8F towards -Q charge (D) 4F towards -Q charge.

2. A charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining two exactly equal positive charges Q. the system of
three charges will be in equilibrium, if q is equal to:
(A) –Q/4 (B) +Q (C) –Q (D) Q/2
3. Which of the following statements is / are incorrect regarding the point charge?
(A). The charge Q on a body is always given by q=ne, where n is any integer, positive or negative.
(B). By convention, the charge on an electron is taken to be negative.
(C). The fact that electric charge is always an integral multiple of e is termed as quantisation of charge
D. The quantisation of charge was experimentally demonstrated by Newton in 1912.

4. Guass’s law is valid for

(A) Any closed surface
(B) Any open surface
(C) Only regular closed surface
(D)Only irregular open surface
5. A charge is a property associated with the matter due to which it produces and experiences:
(A) electric effects only
(B) magnetic effects only
(C) both electric and magnetic effects
(D) none of these
6. Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion and Reason. While
answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the following four responses.
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
( C) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(D ) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Assertion : Charge is quantized

Reason : Charge which is less than 1C is not possible

7. Assertion : -In electrostatics, electric lines of force can never be closed loops.
Reason : -The number of electric lines of force originating from or terminating on a charge is
proportional to the magnitude of charge.

8. Assertion : -In electrostatics, electric lines of force can never be closed loops.
Reason :-The number of electric lines of force originating from or terminating on a charge is
proportional to the magnitude of charge.

9. Assertion : - Electric lines of force cross each other.

Reason :- Electric field at a point superimposes to give one resultant electric field.
10. Assertion : - If a conducting medium is placed between two charges, then electric force between them
becomes zero
Reason : - Reduction in a force due to introduce material is inversely proportional to dielectric constant.
11. Two point-charges are placed in four media A, B, C and D having dielectric constant 10, 20, 30,
40 respectively. The separation between them is the same in all media. The electrostatic force
between the charges will be
a) Maximum in medium A and minimum in medium C
b) Maximum in medium C and minimum in medium A
c) Maximum in medium C and minimum in medium B
d) Maximum in medium A and minimum in medium D
12. Let F1 be the magnitude of the forces between two small spheres, charged to a constant
potential in free space and F2 be the magnitude of the force between them in a medium of
dielectric constant K. Then F2/F1 is
a) 1/K (b) K (c) K2 (d)1/K2
13. Which of the following tables correctly depicts the variation of electrostatic field (E) with
distance (r) due a point charge?
Separation r 2r 3r
A
Field E E/2 E/3

B Separation r 2r 3r
Field E E/4 E/9

C Separation r 2r 3r
Field E 2E 3E

D Separation r 2r 3r
Field E 4E 9E
14. Two conducting spheres X and Y having radii in the ratio 1:2 contain equal positive charges.
When the two spheres are connected by a conducting wire
a) electrons would move from X to Y
b) protons would move from X to Y
c) electrons would move from Y to X
d) protons would move from Y to X

15. Four electric dipoles a, b, c and d are present in a constant electrostatic field as shown in the
figure. Their dipole moments are indicated by the arrows. Which of the following statements is
incorrect?
 a) dipole ‘a’ is in a state of minimum potential energy
b) dipole ‘c’ experiences maximum torque
c) dipoles b and d are in equilibrium
d) dipole ‘c’ has zero potential energy
16. Some point charges are enclosed by four closed surfaces S1, S2, S3 and S4 as shown in the figures.
The ratio of areas of these surfaces are 1:2:3:4. The Electric flux through the surface

S1 S2 S3 S4

a) S1 is maximum and S4 is minimum

b) S2 is maximum
c) S4 is maximum
d) is the same for all the figures.

17. The dimensions of electric field intensity (E) is

a) MLT-1A-1 b) MLT-3A-1 c) MLT-3A-2 d) MLT-3A

18. A metallic sphere is placed in an external electrostatic field as shown in the figure. The field
lines follow the path
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

19. Three large plane sheets having charge densities σ, - σ and σ are placed parallel to each other
as shown in the figure. The magnitudes of electric field at point X, Y and Z are respectively
 a) σ/ϵ0, σ/ϵ0, σ/2ϵ0,
b) σ/2ϵ0, σ/ϵ0, σ/2ϵ0
c) σ/2ϵ0, σ/2ϵ0, σ/2ϵ0
d) σ/ϵ0, σ/2ϵ0, σ/2ϵ0
20. A hemisphere is uniformly charged positively. The electric field at a point on a diameter away
from the Centre is directed
a) perpendicular to the diameter
b) parallel to the diameter
c) at an angle tilted towards the diameter
d) at an angle tilted away from the diameter
21. Two charges −Q and +Q are kept as shown in the figure. The direction of electric field at A along-
(a) AK direction
(b) AL direction
(c) AM direction
(d) AN direction
22. The pattern of the electric field lines from the followings is not possible-

23. Three particles are projected in uniform electric field with same velocity perpendicular to the electric field
as shown in the figure. The particle having highest charge to mass ratio is-
(a) B
(b) A
(c) C
(d) All have same

24. The correct statement for the electric fields at point X and Y is-
 (a) EX = EY
⃗⃗⃗⃗X = E
(b) E ⃗⃗⃗⃗Y
(c) EX > EY
(d) EX < EY

25. Three identical positive point charges are kept at the vertices of an isosceles right angled triangle. The
direction of electric field at the midpoint P of the hypotenuse along-
(a) 4
(b) 1
(c) 3
(d) 2

26. A charged ball is suspended by a silk thread which makes an angle θ with a charged conducting sheet as
shown in the figure. The surface charge density σ of the sheet is directly proportional to-
(a) sin θ
(b) tan θ
(c) cos θ
(d) cot θ
27. A metallic solid sphere is placed in a uniform electric field. The correct shape of electric lines of force
from the following is-
(a) 4
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
28. A conducting circular ring is charged with +Q. The electric field at the centre O of the ring due to the
charge on the part APB of the ring is E. The electric field at the centre O of the ring due to the charge on
the part BDCA of the ring is-
(a) 3E along PO
(b) E along OP
(c) E along PO
(d) 3E along OP
29. In the following four situations, the charges are kept at an equal distance from the origin O. The correct
choice for the magnitude of the net electric field at origin is-

(a) E1 > E2 > E3 > E4

(b) E2 > E1 > E3 > E4
(c) E1 > E3 > E2 > E4
(d) E4 > E3 > E2 > E1
 30. The total flux through the faces of the cube with side of length 𝑙 if a charge q is placed at a corner of the
cube is-
q
(a) ϵ
0
q
(b) 6ϵ
0
q
(c) 8ϵ
0
q
(d) 12ϵ
0

31. Why does the gravitational force between Earth and Moon predominate over electrical forces?

32. The proton that is nucleus of a hydrogen atom attracts the electron that orbits it. Relative to this force,
does electron attract proton with less force, with more force, or with the same amount of force?

33. A negatively charged rod is brought close to some small pieces of neutral paper. The positive sides of the
molecules in the paper are attracted to the rod and the negative sides of the molecules are repelled. Since
negative and positive sides are equal in number, why don’t attractive and repulsive forces cancel out?

34. If a proton at a particular distance from a charged particle is repelled with a given force, by how much
will the force decrease when the proton is three times farther away from the particle? What is the sign of
charge on the particle?
35. Why will dust be attracted to a CD wiped with dry cloth?

36. Why does charge usually transferred by electrons rather than by protons?

37. The leaves of a charged electroscope collapse in time. Give reason.

38. At higher altitude the leaves of a charged electroscope collapse more rapidly. Why is that so?

39. When an object acquires a positive charge by the transfer of electrons, what happens to its mass? What
happens to its mass if it acquires a negative charge?

40. A negatively charged ebonite rod attracts a suspended ball of straw. Can we infer that ball is charged
positively?
VSA 2 MARKS EACH
1. Two point charges 4µC and 8µC are separated by a distance of 1m in air . Calculate at what
point on the line joining the two charges is the electric field zero ?

2. A free proton and a free electron are placed in a uniform field. Which of the two experience greater
force and greater acceleration?
3. a) Explain the meaning of the statement 'electric charge of a body is quantised'.
(b) Why can one ignore quantisation of electric charge when dealing with macroscopic
i.e., large scale charges?

4. How much positive and negative charge is there in a cup of water (180g)?
5. Two charges q and –4q are fixed on x-axis at x=0 and x =a. Where should a third charge 2q be
placed such that it will be in equilibrium?
6. Two-point charges A and B having charges Q and -Q exert a force F on each other when
separated by a distance d. If 25% percent of charge of A is transferred to B, what will be the force
between them?
7. Two identical plates A and B having charge densities +σ and −σ are kept as shown in the figure. Obtain
the value of electric field in-
(i) region-I
(ii) region-II

8. Two charges +9Q and +Q are kept fixed at a separation of x. An unknown charge q placed on the line
joining two charges at a distance of 3x⁄4 from +9Q so that it may be in equilibrium.

What is your opinion about the stability of equilibrium related to the nature of the unknown charge and
why?

9. Two charges +q and +q are kept at a same distance x from another charge -2q as shown in the figure.

What is the net dipole moment of this system of charges?

10. Find the magnitudes of charge 𝑞 in fig (a) and fig (b) shown below

11. e− + e+ → γ + γ is an example of charge conservation, where electron e− and positron e+ annihilate to

give rise to two gamma rays. In pair production γ → e− + e+ , the converse of annihilation, charge is
also conserved. In this process a gamma ray transforms into an electron and a positron.
Why are there two photons, not one in case of pair annihilation as it is converse of production?
12. No work is done in moving a test charge over an equipotential surface. Explain.

SA 3 MARKS EACH
1. A point charge of 2.0 x10-6 C is at the centre of a cubic Gaussian surface 9.0 cm on edge.What is the net
electric flux through the surface?
2. Which among the curves shown in Fig. cannot possibly represent electrostatic field lines?
A)
 B)

C)

3. Electric charge is uniformly distributed on the surface of a spherical balloon. Show how electric
intensity and electric potential vary (a) on the surface (b) inside and (c) outside.

4. Using Gauss’ law derive an expression for the electric field intensity due to a large plane
sheet of surface charge density σ.
A test charge q0 placed at a small distance from a large plane sheet of charge experiences a
force F. What will be the force on it if the distance is doubled?
5. A wire PQ of length L has a linear charge density λ = kx, where x is measured from end P
of the wire. The wire is enclosed by a Gaussian cylindrical surface. Find the expression for the
electric flux through this surface.
6. Three point charges -q, q and 2q are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side ‘a’.
Determine the net electrostatic force on the charge q due to the other two charges.
7. Riya takes two identical charged balls having mass m and charge q and suspends them from ceiling with
the help of two strings of length 𝑙. If each threads makes a very small angle θ with the vertical, prove that,
q2 𝑙
in equilibrium the separation between two balls will be x = (2πϵ )1⁄3
0 mg

8. A spherical conducting shell of inner radius r1 and outer radius r2 has a charge Q. A charge +q is placed
at the centre of the shell.

(a) What is the surface charge density on the inner surface and outer surface of the shell?
(b) What is the electric field at point P at a distance r (r > r2 ) from the centre of the shell.

9. An electron is revolving around an infinitely long positively charged wire having linear charge density λ
eλ
with a uniform velocity v as shown in the figure. Prove that, the kinetic energy of the electron is K = 4πϵ
0

10. (a) What is the ratio of magnitude of the repulsive electrostatic force to gravitational force between
two of the protons that are separated by 4.0 × 10−15 m?
(b) What does this ratio signify?
11. a. A point charge 𝑞 is at a distance of 𝑑/2 directly above the centre of a square of side 𝑑. Use Gauss’s
law to obtain the expression for electric flux through the square.
b. If the point charge 𝑞 is now moved to a distance 𝑑 away from the centre of the square and the side of
the square is doubled, explain how the electric flux will be affected.

12. If the magnitude of an electric field in air exceeds a certain critical value, the air undergoes electrical
breakdown, a process whereby the field removes electrons from the atoms in the air. The air then begins
 to conduct electric current because the freed electrons are propelled into motion by the field. As they
move, they collide with any atoms in their path, causing those atoms to emit light.
(a) What is name of this critical value of electric field?
(b) Electric filed produced by tips of a comb is stronger in comparison to field produced by a large
charged sphere for both having same amount of charge. Why?

CASE BASED QUESTIONS 4 MARKS

1. Electric field strength is proportional to the density of lines of force i.e., electric field strength at a
point is proportional to the number of lines of force cutting a unit area element placed normal to the
field at that point. As illustrated in given figure, the electric field at P is stronger than at Q.

(i)Electric lines of force about a positive point charge are

(A) radially outwards
(B) circular clockwise
(C) radially inwards
(D) parallel straight lines (ii) Which of the
following is false for electric lines of force?
(A) They always start from positive charge and terminate on negative charges.
(B) They are always perpendicular to the surface of a charged conductor.
(C) They always form closed loops.
(D) They are parallel and equally spaced in a region of uniform electric field. ?
(iii) Which one of the following patterns of electric line of force is not possible in field due to stationary
charges?

(iv) Electric field lines are curved

(A) in the field of a single positive or negative charge
(B) in the field of two equal and opposite charges.
(C) in the field of two like charges.
(D) both (b) and (c)
2. Smallest charge that can exist in nature is the charge of an electron. During friction it is only the
transfer of electron which makes the body charged. Hence net charge on any body is an integral multiple
of charge of an electron (1.6 x 10-19 C) i.e., q = ±ne
where r= 1, 2, 3, 4 ….
 Hence no body can have a charge represented as 1.8e, 2.7e, 2e/5, etc.
Recently, it has been discovered that elementary particles such as protons or neutrons are elemental
units called quarks. (i) Which of the following properties is not
satisfied by an electric charge?
(A) Total charge conservation.
(B) Quantization of charge.
(C) Two types of charge.
(D) Circular line of force. (ii) Which one of the
following charges is possible?
(A) 5.8 x 10-18 C
(B) 3.2 x 10-18 C
(C) 4.5 x 10-19 C
(D) 8.6 x 10-19 C

(iii) If a charge on a body is 1 nC, then how many electrons are present on the body?
(A) 6.25 x 1027
(B) 1.6 x 1019
(C) 6.25 X 1028
(D) 6.25 X 109 (iv) If a body gives out
109 electrons every second, how much time is required to get a total charge of 1 from it?
(A) 190.19 years
(B) 150.12 years
(C) 198.19 years
(D0) 188.21 years

3. An electric dipole is a system consisting of two equal and opposite point charges separated
by a small distance. If a dipole is placed in an external uniform electric field it experiences a
torque whereas the net force on the dipole is zero.
i) the torque on the diploe is given by
a) Ʈ= p x E. b) Ʈ= E x p c) Ʈ= p.E d) Ʈ= -p x E.
ii) Which of the following configuration corresponds to maximum torque on the dipole?
a) p parallel to E
b) p antiparallel to E
c) p perpendicular to E
d) p making 300 with E
iii) A plastic comb rubbed on dry hair attracts tiny bits of paper although the paper is
electrically neutral. Explain why.

4. Electric field lines are a way of pictorially mapping the electric field around a configuration
of charges. Electric field line is a curve drawn in such a way that the tangent to it at each point
is in the direction of the net field at that point.
i) Which of the following statements is incorrect?
 a) Field lines originate from positive charge and end at negative charge
b) Field lines do not cross each other
c) Electric field lines form closed loops around a charge
d) Electric field lines originate perpendicular to charged objects
ii) Two field lines do not cross each other because
a) The vector E cannot have two directions at a point
b) Field lines form closed loops
c) Field lines due to a positive charge are directed towards the charge.
d) Field lines due to a negative charge are directed away from the charge.

iii) Draw electric field lines due to an electric dipole and a system of two positive charges

5. Diya and Raj, two students of Kendriya Vidyalaya having discussions on electric charge. Diya concludes
the discrete nature of charges known as quantization of charges.
Quantization of Electric Charges
The smallest charge that can exist in nature is the charge of electron. During friction it is only the transfer
of electrons which makes the body charged. Positive charge means absence of electrons whereas negative
charge means excess of electrons. The net charge on a body is an integral multiple of charge of an electron;
q = ±ne, where n = 1, 2, 3… Hence, no body can have a charge valued 1.1e, 2.5e, 0.6e etc.

Now Raj concludes the continuous nature of charges known as continuous charge distribution.
Continuous Charge Distribution
In reality the magnitudes of charges are much higher than magnitude of charge of electron. So the discrete
nature of charges is ignored and it is imagined that the charge is distributed in a space in continuous
manner. Such a charge distribution is known as continuous charge distribution. There are three types of
continuous charge distribution: (1) Linear charge distribution, (2) Surface charge distribution (3) Volume
charge distribution.

(i) The following charge that is not possible in reality-

(a) 3.2 × 10−18 C (b) 5.8 × 10−18 C
(c) 4.8 × 10−19 C (d) 9.6 × 10−18 C
(ii) If a body has a charge of −1 nC, then no. of electrons accepted by the body is-
(a) 1.6 × 1019 (b) 6.25 × 1027
19
(b) 1.6 × 10 (d) 6.25 × 109
(iii) The SI unit of linear charge density is-
(a) Cm (b) Cm−1 (c) Cm−2 (d) Cm−3
(iv) The charge is required to electrify a sphere of radius 25 cm to set up a surface charge density of
3
magnitude π is-
(a) 0.75 C (b) 7.5 C (c) 75 C (d) zero
6. The electric field inside the cavity is zero, whatever be the size and shape of the cavity and whatever be
the charge on the conductor and the external fields in which it might be placed. The electric field inside a
 charged spherical shell is zero. But the vanishing of electric field in the (charge free) cavity of a conductor
is, as mentioned above, a very general result. A related result is that even if the conductor is charged or
charges are induced on a neutral conductor by an external field, all charges reside only on the outer surface
of a conductor with cavity.

The proofs of the results noted in Fig. are omitted here, but we note their important implication. Whatever
be the charge and field configuration outside, any cavity in a conductor remains shielded from outside
electric influence: the field inside the cavity is always zero. This is known as electrostatic shielding. The
effect can be made use of in protecting sensitive instruments from outside electrical influence.

(i) The electric field inside the cavity is depend on-

(a) size of the cavity (b) shape of the cavity
(c) charge on the conductor (d) none of these
(ii) A metallic shell having inner radius r1 and outer radius r2 has a point charge Q kept inside cavity.
Electric field in the region r1 < r < r2 where r is the distance from the centre is given by-
(a) depends on the value of r (b) zero
(c) constant and nonzero everywhere (d) none of these
(iii) Electrostatic shielding is based on-
(a) electric field inside the cavity of a conductor is less than zero
(b) electric field inside the cavity of a conductor is zero
(c) electric field inside the cavity of a conductor is greater than zero
(d) electric field inside the cavity of a plastic is zero
(iv) During the lightning thunderstorm, it is advised to stay-
(a) inside the car (b) under trees
(c) in the open ground (d) on the car
7. Smallest charge that can exist in nature is the charge of an electron. During friction it is only transfer of
electrons which makes the body charged. Hence net charge on anybody is an integral multiple of charge
of an electron [1.6 x 10-19C] i.e. q= ±ne, where n= 1,2,3…..
Hence nobody can have a charge represented as1 i.e. 2.7 e,3/5 e, etc. units called quarks.
Recently, it has been discovered that elementary particles such as protons or neutrons are composed of
more elemental.
(i) Which of the following properties is not satisfied by an electric charge?
(A) Total charge conservation
(B) Quantization of charge
(C) Two types of charge
(D) Circular line of force

(ii) Which of the following charges is possible?

(A) 5.8 x 10-18C
(B) 3.2 x 10-18 C
(C) 4.5 x 1028 C
(D) 6.25 x 10-19C
 (iii) If a charge on a body is 1nC, then how many electrons are present on the body?
(A) 6.25 x 10 27
(B) 1.6 x 1019
(C) 6.25 x 1028
(D) 6.25 x 109

(iv) If a body gives out 109 electrons every second, how much time is required to get a total
charge of 1C from it?
(A) 190.19 years
(B) 150.12 years
(C) 198.19 years
(D) 188.21 years

8. Gaussian surface is the surface around a charge (point or continuous distribution) is an imaginary closed
surface, such that the intensity of electric field at all points on its surface is same. Gaussian surface is an
imaginary geometric surface and it may be in empty space or embedded in a solid body.

(i) Charge q is first kept in a sphere of radius 7 cm and then it is kept in a cube of side 7 cm. The outgoing
flux
(a) will be more in case of sphere
(b) will be more in case of cube
(c) will be same in both cases
(d) cannot be determined

(ii) The electric flux through a cubical Gaussian surface enclosing net charge q is q/ε0, while the electric
flux through one face of the cube is
(a) q/ε0
(b) q/4ε0
(c) q/6ε0
(d) q/8ε0

(iii) The electric flux of a flat square having an area of 10 m2 placed in a uniform electric field of 8000
N/C passing perpendicular to it is
(a) 8 x 105 Nm2/C
(b) 8 x 104 Nm2/C
(c) 16 x 105 Nm2/C
(d) 4 x 104 Nm2/C

(iv) Gauss’s law is valid for

(a) any open surface
(b) any closed surface
(c) only regular closed surface
(d) only irregular open surface
LA ( 5MARKS)
1 Define electric dipole moment. Write its S.I unit.
What is the direction of dipole moment.
Derive an expression for dipole field intensity at any point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole. Draw
the graph between electric field and distance when r>>a

2 (i) Define electric flux and write its SI unit

 (ii) Use Gauss’ law to obtain the expression for the electric field due to an infinite linear
charge having linear charge density λ.
(iii) Two thin long charged wires carrying charge densities λ1 and λ2 are placed parallel to
each other separated by d. Determine the field (E) at a point P, distant r from the first
wire

+λ1_______________________________________

.P
+λ2_____________________________________________________________
3 (a) An electric dipole of dipole moment 𝑝 consists of point charges ±q separated by a distance
2a apart. Show that the electric field due to the dipole at a distance x (x ≫ a) from the
⃗ = 2p⃗ 3.
centre of the dipole on its axial line E 4πϵ0 x
(b) Draw the graph of E vs r for the case given in question (a).
4 Two identical plane metallic surfaces A and B are kept parallel to each other in air separated by a distance
of 1.0 cm as shown in the figure. Surface A is given a positive potential of 10 V and the outer surface of B
is earthed.
(a)What is the magnitude and direction of uniform electric field between point Y and Z?
(b)What is the work done in moving a change of 20 µc from point X to Y?
(c )Can we have non-zero electric potential, where electric field strength is zero?

ANSWERS FOR MCQs

1. C
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. B
10. A
11. D
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. A
16. D
 17. B
18. D
19. C
20. A
21. (b) AL direction
22. (c)
23. (c) C
24. (c) EX > EY
25. (d) 2
26. (b) tan θ
27. (a) 4
28. (b) E along OP
29. (c) E1 > E3 > E2 > E4
q
30. (c) 8ϵ
0
31. As both are neutral, there is zero electrostatic force.
32. Same force using Newton’s third law
33. Side carrying opposite charge lies closer, hence attraction dominates.
34. Force will reduce to 1/9th of original value. Charge is positive.
35. Due to friction, charge transfer takes place between CD and cloth and CD becomes charged.
36. As electrons are loosely bound in atom in comparison to protons
37. Due to discharge by air molecules
38. At higher altitude, cosmic radiation ionises air surrounding leaves and they discharge rapidly and
collapse faster.
39. In case of gained positive charge, body loses electrons, thus it loses slight mass and in case of gained
negative charge, body receives electrons, thus it gains a slight mass.
40. No, ball being neutral is attracted towards rod due to polarization.
ANSWERS FOR VSA ( 2 MARKS)
1 0.33m from 4µC
2 As F = q E and a = F/m as charge on both e-1 and proton are equal and opposite in
nature, so force on them would be equal but as mass of proton is more than that of electron,
so acceleration of electron would be more.

3 (a) Electric charge of a body is quantized. This means that only integral (1, 2, …., n)
number of electrons can be transferred from one body to the other. Charges are not
transferred in fraction. Hence, a body possesses total charge only in integral multiples of
electric charge.
(b) In macroscopic or large scale charges, the charges used are huge as compared to the
magnitude of electric charge. Hence, quantization of electric charge is of no use on
macroscopic scale. Therefore, it is ignored and it is considered that electric charge is
continuous.

4 1 mole water contains NA molecules

18 g of water contains 6x1023 molecules
 180 g of water contains 6x1024 x 10 electron=6x1025 x 1.6x10-19C = 10-7 coulomb

Solving for x, you get x = -a

6 F=kQ2/d2
Now charge of A=0.75Q and charge of B= Q/4-Q=-0.75Q
New Force, F’ = k (0.75Q)2/d2= (9/16). F
7 In region-I,
σ σ σ
Total field ⃗E = E
⃗⃗⃗⃗A + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
EB = 2ϵ r̂ + 2ϵ r̂ = ϵ r̂ (Since, they are in same direction)
0 0 0

In region-II,
σ σ
Total field ⃗E = E
⃗⃗⃗⃗A + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
EB = 2ϵ r̂ + 2ϵ (−r̂) = 0 (Since, they are in opposite direction)
0 0

8 If unknown charge q is considered as negative and it is shifted slightly towards +Q, due to strong attraction
from +Q it will never come back to its equilibrium position. Thus, the equilibrium will be unstable for
negative charge.

If unknown charge q is considered as positive and it is shifted slightly towards +Q, due to strong repulsion
from +Q it will again come back to its equilibrium position. Thus, the equilibrium will be stable for
positive charge.

9 It can be considered as two dipoles with charges -q and +q.

Thus, net dipole moment p ⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗
p1 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
p2
2 1⁄2
2
∴ p = (p1 + p2 ) = [(qx) + (qx)2 ]1⁄2 = √2 qx
2

10 a. 𝑞 = 5𝜇𝐶
b. 𝑞 = 4.5 𝑛𝐶
11 Due to conservation of linear momentum
12 For a definite work done, there should be a potential difference.
ANSWERS FOR SA ( 3 MARKS)
1. Hence, electric flux through one face of the cube i.e., through the square,
= q / 6€0
= 2.0 x10-6 C / 6 x8.85 x10-12
=1.88 x105 Nm2 C-2

2. (a) The field lines showed in (a) do not represent electrostatic field lines because field
lines must be normal to the surface of the conductor.
(b) The field lines showed in (b) do not represent electrostatic field lines because the field
lines cannot emerge from a negative charge and cannot terminate at a positive charge.
(c) The field lines showed in (c) represent electrostatic field lines. This is because the field lines emerge
from the positive charges and repel each other.

3. Electric field intensity on the surface of a shell

4. Derivation (2)
No change in the force as the field E is uniform (1)
5. Charge in the wire PQ
𝐿
Q = ∫0 𝑘𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = kx2/2=kL2/2
Flux = Q/ϵ0 = kL2/2ϵ0
6. F1= kq.2q/a2 and F2 = kq. q/a2 angle = 1200
Resultant of F1 and F2 is √3 kq.q/a2
7. At equilibrium,
1 q2
T sin θ = 4πϵ ------------- (1)
0 x2
T cos θ = mg ---------------- (2)
q2
(1)÷(2)⇒ tan θ = 4πϵ ------ (3)
0 mg x2
x⁄2 x
Now for very small θ (θ → 0°), tan θ ≈ sin θ = = 2𝑙
𝑙
Substituting the value of tan θ into equation (3),
q2 𝑙 1⁄3
x=( )
2πϵ0 mg
8. When the charge +q is placed at the centre, due to induction, -q charge is induced on the inner surface of
the shell and +q charge is induced on the outer surface of the shell.
q
(a) Surface charge density on the inner surface σin = 4πr 2
1

Q+q
Surface charge density on the outer surface σout = 4πr 2
2

1 Q+q
(b) EP = 4πϵ .
0 r2

9. mv2
eE = (r is the radius and E is the electric field due to infinitely long charged wire)
r
λ mv2
⇒ e. 2πϵ r =
0 r
eλ
⇒ mv 2 = 2πϵ
0r
1 eλ
∴ K. E = K = mv 2 =
2 4πϵ0 r

10. (a) 1036

(b) 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑜 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒.
11. a. 𝑞/6𝜖0
b. Flux will remain unchanged.
12. a. Dielectric Strength
b. Due to higher surface charge density at tips due to smaller surface area.
13.
ANSWERS FOR CBQ ( 4 MARKS)
1. (i) a (ii) c (iii) c (iv) d

2. (i) d (ii) b (iii) d (iv) c

3. A
C
The non-uniform field produced by the comb induces dipoles in the molecules of paper. The
charges in the dipole experience unequal forces causing a net force towards the comb.
4. C
A

5. i. (b) ii. (d) iii. (b) iv. (a)

6. i. (d) ii. (b) iii. (b) iv. (a)
7. (i) D
(ii) B
 (iii) D
(iv) C
8. (i) C
(ii) C
(iii) B
(iv) B
KEY 5 MARKS
1 Electric Field due to a Dipole Electric field of an electric dipole is the space around the dipole in which
the electric effect of the dipole can be experienced.

2 i) Flux = E.ΔS, its unit is Nm2/C

ii) Refer text book
E=E1-E2
3 (b)

4 (i) 103 𝑉/𝑚 from Y to Z (or from plate A to plate B)

(ii) Zero as potential difference is zero
Yes, in region of non-zero constant potential, the electric field is zero