SPECIFIC MODULES LTS/CWTS

MODULE 3

Introduction to Community-Based
Management

Lesson 1 Analyzing Community Needs

Lesson 2 Social Mobilization

Lesson 3 Formulating Plan for Community-Based Projects

Lesson 4 NSRC Overview

Lesson 5 Managing Community

Special Modules LTS/CWTS – Introduction to Community-Based Management Module V

Lesson 1 Analyzing Community Needs

Community assessment is the process of identifying the strengths,

assets, needs and challenges of a specified community. Assets refer to the skills,
talents and abilities of individuals as well as the resources that local institutions
contribute to the community. Community Needs Assessments seek to gather accurate
information representative of the needs of a community. Assessments are performed
prior to taking action and are used to determine current situations and identify issues
for action. Needs assessments establish the essential foundation for vital planning.

A. Assessment

Where to start?

You can start by asking the right questions and identifying the problem
correctly. You can do this through assessment, data collection or profiling.

Assessment is the act of determining the importance, value and goal of the
project. In this phase you are going to create a profile of the community and identify
target and goals of the project.

Some of the questions that you have to answer.

1. What is the general state of the community?

This is where you gather data regarding a general area description and
demographic profile. You can even identify and describe the condition of the
community based on their economic, education, environmental, health,
political and social situation.

2. Assess your group

Who will involve in the project?
When do you plan to execute the project? Wow long will the project run?
What resources does your group currently have? What community resources can
be utilized?

You can often create our own profile in online social networks such as
Facebook, Messenger or any net applications. A project profile is the similar to that –
it is a set of data that helps identify the characteristics and features of a community.
It also attempts to described the community, highlights area that needs to be
developed, reveals possibilities and helps place a benchmark for your project.
(Fundamentals of project management By James P. Lewis)

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Forms of Profiling

There are several forms of community profiling, according to

http://www.bernardos.org.uk/communityprofiling.pdf, some of its forms are:

1. Individual Action Research

Usually done by the community workers, NGOs or parish minister who is new to
the area. Its gives them an orientation of what the community is, and what
they can do for the community.
This form of profiling is done if the NSTP still have no profile available for the
community worker who will do a research for the community profile.

2. Focused Profile

It centers on what needs to be addressed and known from the community. The
information that is needed is already predetermined.

This profiling form can be used when the program already have an existing
project. A likely example is when Health Cluster would only need the profile of
children from 2-5 years old for a project about vaccination. Some programs
already have a prepared set of forms which you can see at the Document of the
community.

Special Modules LTS/CWTS – Introduction to Community-Based Management Module V

Special Modules LTS/CWTS – Introduction to Community-Based Management Module V
Lesson 2 Social Mobilization

The process of bringing together all societal and personal influences to raise
awareness of and demand for health care, assist in the delivery of resources and
services, and cultivate sustainable individual and community involvement. It is an
integrative process where Stakeholders are stimulated to become active participants
in social change, using diverse strategies to meet shared goals.

Comprehensive planning approach that emphasizes a) Political coalition

building and b) Community action (UNICEF,1993;Wallack, 1989)

The process is concerned with mobilizing human and financial resources through
FIVE main approaches:

1. Political Mobilization – Aims at winning political and policy commitment for a

major goal and the necessary resource allocations to realize that goal
Primary method – Lobbying

Lobbying – An attempt to influence the decisions of the politicians, may lead to

“power struggles” and favoring one lobby group may alienate another
(opposing) lobby group

2. Community Mobilization aims at informing and gaining the commitment of

community leaders as well as local government agencies, Nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs), women’s group and cooperatives

TIPS on Community Mobilization

a. Know your community well, and understand their problems and their needs
b. Be aware of existing health beliefs and practices that exist in the
community.
c. Always listen to community members carefully.
d. Do not rapidly introduce new interventions that are different from existing
practices and beliefs. Take gradual steps to introduce such practices.
e. Try to analyze community dynamics and adjust to each situation.
f. Involve the entire community in the program right from the beginning
g. Give respect and importance to negative experiences of the community, if
any, and try to minimize the negative feelings verbally and in your actions.

3. Government Mobilization – Aims at informing the cooperation and help of

service providers and other government organizations that can provide direct
or indirect supports.

Example: Local Government Unit , Local Health board,

Municipal/City/Provincial Head, Private Sectors etc.

Special Modules LTS/CWTS – Introduction to Community-Based Management Module V

 4. Corporate Mobilization – Aims at securing the support of national or
International companies in promoting appropriate goals, either through the
contributions of resources or the carrying of appropriate messages as a part of
their advertising or product labelling.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – refers to operating a business in a

manner that accounts for the social and environmental impact created by the
business.
- Commitment to developing policies that integrate responsible
practices into daily business operations
- Reporting on progress made toward implementing these practices.

5. Beneficiary Mobilization – Aims at informing and motivating the program

beneficiaries through training programs, the establishment of community
groups and communication

Key Elements of Social Mobilization

a. Partnership building and networking

o “Synergy”- more than the sum of its parts
o Identification of the stakeholders
o Stakeholder – group, organizations, member or system who
affects or can be affected by government policies and actions.
o
b. Community participation
o Participation is about meeting the interests of the whole
community
o Takes into consideration the different experiences, needs and
capabilities of various groups.

c. Media and special events to raise public awareness

Mass Media is a communication medium whether written, broadcast, or
spoken – that reaches a Large audiences.

Mass Media – Influence

o Public Understanding
o How much attention people will pay
o Which actions individuals or communities are likely to take.

Mass media campaigns can directly and indirectly produce positive changes
or prevent negative changes in health-related behaviors across large
populations. Our careful reading of topic-specific individual studies and
more-general mass media reviews, and our collective experience in
campaign research and evaluation across health behavior has led us to the
following conclusions about the conditions under which media campaigns
work.

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 d. Advocacy to mobilize resources and effect policy change
o The act or process of supporting a cause or proposal
Example: Community health advocacy entails advocacy by a
community around issues related to health, however that
community is defined or formed

Levels of Advocacy

1. Self-advocacy – I Can Speak Up For Myself

2. Individual Advocacy – I speak up on behalf of another
3. Systematic Advocacy – We speak on behalf of those who can’t speak
for themselves

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Lesson 3 Formulating Plan for Community -Based Projects/DRRM
“A Plan is a detailed formulation of a program ACTION” (Merriam Webster).
These are steps, or set of tasks that your group intends to do. It is the structured
diagram or procedure that is arranged beforehand to help attain a specified goal.
Without a plan, the group is bound to be out-of-control; the implementation is
bound to a result to a catastrophe. A plan keeps you focused and organized, it points
out who should be doing the task and when, which things to do, and what things to be
ready with. In order to have an effective project, the plan should also be well-thought
and discussed. Creating a plan should not be solely shouldered by the leader of the
group. It is a group effort or collaborative in nature; otherwise, the members might
be clueless on what they have to do and feel no sense of commitment to the project.
This usually ends up with the project leader doing most of the task and the members
being clueless in what is going to happen.

Community Development Planning

Community development planning is a process which helps institutions and
private/public sectors to work together with the community plan, develop and deliver
enhanced services which make a real difference to people’s lives. It is about
organization working together to improve services and quality of life. (Scottish Executive:
Guidance in Community Planning, 2004)

To be involve, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary is “to take part or to

engage as a participant”. Being participant entails responsibility in most part of the
activities in community development and in community organizing. Learning and
understanding one’s role in the community takes place when there is an active
involvement in the process of development.
In the previous module, you have recognized the significance of empowerment
and participation in community development. You have learned that Community
development is always “people centered”. People’s welfare, their capability and
participation are considered when one undertakes community development planning.
Therefore, the heart of Community Development Planning is “listening to, and
communicating with the people in the communities”. It is also about involving them in
decisions and making them more responsive to the needs and aspirations of their
communities. This will require the partnership not only to seek the views of
communities, but also to secure their more active involvement as partners in
Community Development Planning. Its make sure people and communities are
genuinely engaged in the decisions made on community services which affect them;
and secure commitment from communities and institutions to work together, not
apart, in providing better services for the common good.

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 GUIDELINES IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING by Gene Bunnell
1. Should be people-centered. Involve citizens in all steps of the Cd planning
process to make it participative and empowering.
2. Identify the issues in the community in order to select an approach to planning.
3. Collect and analyze data – conduct a SWOT analysis. During this analysis,
planners also use a variety of assessments, or method to “measure” the
improvement of the systems.
4. Define community goals and objectives
5. Evaluate alternatives
6. Develop, Adopt, and implement the plan.
7. Continually evaluate the effectiveness of the plan and update as necessary.
8. Acknowledgement and Celebration of result.

In a Civic Welfare Training Service, a Community Development Plan (CDP) is

necessary to enable you to design and implement a good project in your
chosen/partner communities.
A community development plan is a written document, a tool created by
community members and organizers (Flo Frank and Anne Smith, The Community Development
Handbook, A Tool to Build Community Capacity).

1. Where the communities are now (community strengths, weaknesses,

resources);
2. Where the communities want to be (the ideal future for your community);
3. The general direction that the community want to take to close the gap
between where they are now and where they want to be;
4. The specific actions within each general direction required to close the gap;
5. The resource and capacity issues that need to be addressed and
6. How success will look like, and how to tell when they have been successful.

Community plans are developed based on the logic and structures of the
strategic planning process. The logic of this process takes you from a broad-based
vision to specific actions and action plans. The process links vision, goals, objectives
and action into a logical and inter-related structure.
As future community developers, you need to pay special attention to several
factors whenever you make a plan. Involving the people, identifying their resources,
issues and needs will make a big difference to a successful plan. A good background of
the community of the community will also provide you with ample information to help
you plan for an excellent project for them.

Special Modules LTS/CWTS – Introduction to Community-Based Management Module V

CWTS Community Development Plan Format/Guide
A. General Information

Project Title: ( What you will call your project, Ex. LINGAP para sa
Mamamayan ng Agoo: Gulayan sa Barangay; Read and Write for a
Future that Bright; Protect and Respect etc)

Target Community/Beneficiaries: (include the race/group and location )

Community Background:
 Briefly describe the situation in the community. Conduct an
ocular inspection, interview key persons in the community,
consult your college community coordinator and review the
community profile
 Outline the problems, needs of the target beneficiaries and
briefly describe how the project intends to address these.
 Describe other projects/program in community and how this
project will contribute to the over-all development objectives in
the selected community
B. Objectives

General Objective State the over-all direction/ long-term objective in the /of
the community

Specific Objective
 A short term, more immediate and are component details of the
general or long-term objective. Must show output and specific
performance indicators.
 SMARTER (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-bound
in character, Extending and Rewarding

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The NSTP-CWTS Community Development Matrix
Activities Time Output Resources/Materials Cost
Frame
Preparation What output or Things to utilize
(How was the project result is expected during this stage
conceptualized and of each stage
planned? Steps that
you take/will do as
preparation for the
project.)
Actual Activities What output or Things that you need
(how it will be result is expected during
implemented? What of each stage implementation
are the roles of each
group or member in
the implementation
of the project? Steps
on how Project will
about
Post-implementation What output or Things that you need
Activities result is expected during
(How it will be of each stage monitoring/evaluation
assessed/evaluated?
Review your stated
project objectives,
expected outputs,
phasing and
direction. How will
you analyze the
effectiveness of the
project)

Special Modules LTS/CWTS – Introduction to Community-Based Management Module V

Lesson 4 National Service Reserve Corp Overview
National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC) is an organization composed of
graduates of Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) anad Literacy Training Service
(LTS) components of the National Service Training Program (NSTP) as mandated by
Republic Act 9163 (NSTP ACT of 2001)Sec11 “There is hereby created a National
Service Reserve Corp, to be composed of the graduates of the non-ROTC components.
Members of this Corps maybe tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare
activities through the joints efforts of the DND, CHED and TESDA”.
Republic Act 9148 or volunteer act of 2007 “Promotes the participation of the
various sectors of the Filipino Society, including international and foreign volunteer
organizations in public and civic affairs, and adopt and strengthen the practice of
volunteerism as a strategy to attain national developmentand international
understanding”. Republic Act 10121 National Disaster act of 2010 “An act
strengthening the Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management framework and
institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management plan,
appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes”.

MISSION AND FUNCTIONS

Mission– to provide highly trained, motivated and organized manpower reserve
that can be tapped by the state for DRRM(Disaster Risk Reduction Managemetn) , civic
welfare, literacy, national emergency, environmental protection and other similar
endeavors in the service of the nation
Functions (Community Based)
• To assist in the disaster preparedness, mitigation, response and
rehabilitation programs;
• To assist in the disaster preparedness, mitigation, response and
rehabilitation programs;
• To serve as an auxiliary to the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Councils (DRRMCs) response units;

Special Modules LTS/CWTS – Introduction to Community-Based Management Module V

Lesson 5 Managing Community/ School-Based NSRC
The National Service Reserve Corps, also referred to by the acronym NSRC
(Filipino: Panlaáng Hukbo ng Pambansang Paglilingkod), is a unit composed of
graduates of the Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) and Literacy Training Service
(LTS) components of the National Service Training Program.
The NSRC was created by the virtue of RA 9163 or the NSTP Act of 2001 in order
to provide a trained, motivated, and organized manpower reserve that can be tapped
by the State for DRRM, civic welfare, literacy, national emergency, environmental
protection and other similar endeavors in the service of the nation.

Functions (School Based)

 Help in organizing the list of NSTP graduates to be submitted to the National
Directorate Office under (DND), CHED and Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction
and Mangement Council(MDRRMC) up to the Barangay Development Councils
(BDCs)
 Assist in Emergency Rescue procedures inside the school that might need their
assistance.
 Serves as Marshalls or Honor guards during school activities.
 Help in maintaining peace and order in the School.
 Planning of different activities that can be done regarding Environment
protection and Disaster Risk Reduction Programs.
 Assist NSTP Instructors in conducting training for Rescue procedures and other
activities related to Personal Security up to National Security.

NSRC Composition
NSRC shall be composed of the graduate of the non-military components of the
NSTP Program, the LTS and CWTS.
NRT – NSRC Reserve Team (composed of at least 8 but not more than 12 members)

Team Leader

Asst. Team Leader

TM1 TM2 TM3 TM4 TM5

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 NRS – NSRC Reserve Section (Composed of at least 5 or more teams)

Section Leader

Asst. Section Leader

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

NRG – NSRC Reserve Group (Composed of at least 5 or more NSRC Sections)

Group Leader

Asst. Group Leader

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5

Note:
 NSRC School Based Unit – Graduate of LTS amnd CWTS who are still enrolled in
the said institutions of HEIs, CHED and TVET. These reserve units shall be
placed under the control of the College/university DRRM Chairpersons
 NSRC Community Based Unit – LTS and CWTS graduates organized at Brgy.
Municipal, City and Provincial level who are residents of their respective
localities.
 Important Data needed
1. NSTP Serial No. (CHED Memo No.27 Series of 2015)
2. Office of the Civil Defense Activation Orders

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 NSRC Operations (Section II – IRR of NSRC)
Office of the Civil Defense HEIs under CHED/TVETs under TESDA
OCD through NDCC shall formulate Standard There shall be an NSRC School Directorate Office
Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the overall and (NSDO) in every HEIs under CHED/TVETs under
specific operation of the NSR and the NSRC Units TESDA that will be in-charge in the development,
organization, training, equipage, administration
It shall closely supervise the conduct of NSRC and deployment of the school-based NSRC unit
operations nationwide with HEIs under CHED ,
TVETs under TESDA and with the LGUs/DRRMCs The officials of every HEIs under CHED and TVETs
at all levels under TESDA have the primary responsibility in
the utilization of the school-based NSRC units as
It shall conduct periodic operational exercises to first disaster responders in their respective
evaluate the actual operational capability of school campuses and their immediate vicinities.
NSRC units at all levels.

PROTECTION OF NSRC Reservist

HEIs management shall be responsible in providing the following during the
NSRC volunteers mobilization development and DRRM practice training and exercises:
Insurance, Logistics, and Hospitalization

FUNDING OF NSRC Reserve units

Calamity Fund RA10121 No.18 Section1 States that not less than 5% of the estimated
revenue from regular source shall be set aside to support disaster risk management activities
such as but not limited to:

 Disaster preparedness programs including training

 Purchasing lifesaving rescue equipment
 Supplies and medicines for post disaster activities
 Payments of premiums on calamity insurance
 Construction of evacuation centers
 Transfer of the said funds to support disaster risk reduction works to
other DRR units which are declared under state of calamity
Rule18 Section2 of DRRM Law – Quick Response Fund States that 30% of the
appropriated amount as calamity fund shall be allocated as Quick Response Fund or
stand-by fund for relief and recovery programs for disasters, calamities, epidemics, or
complex emergencies.
Rule 18 Section3 of DRRM Law – states that any unexpected calamity, fund shall
accrue to a “Special Trust Fund” solely for the purpose of supporting disaster risk
reduction and management activities within the next 5 years. Any such among not
fully utilized after 5 years shall be reverted back to the general fund and be made
available for other special services to be identified by administration officials.

Special Modules LTS/CWTS – Introduction to Community-Based Management Module V

 YOUR IDEA

1. What organization do you think exist in your community or school that have
something to do or related to the function of the NSRC. Why?

LEARNING ACTIVITY

1. Visit the community where you belong and try to conduct an analysis using the
matrix presented and design a program that could help the community.

Special Modules LTS/CWTS – Introduction to Community-Based Management Module V