IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

INTRODUCTION

The line graph Compares

The bar chart Illustrates
The pie chart Gives information about
The table Shows
The diagram Depicts
The map Reveals
The figure Indicates
The picture Demonstrates
Shows date about

Instructor: Dung T. Pham 1

IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

Eg:

• The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries who used the Internet between 1999 and 2009.

• The first bar chart compares students of different ages in terms of why they are studying their chosen courses, and the
second chart compares the same age groups in terms of the help they require at work.

• The chart gives information about changes in average house prices in 5 different cities between 1990 and 2002.

• The table shows data about the underground rail networks in six major cities.

• The figures illustrate the stages in the life of a silkworm and the process of producing silk cloth.

• The figure illustrates the process of coffee manufacture and preparation for sale on the market.

• The first figure shows the layout of an art gallery, and the second shows some proposed changes to the gallery space.

OVERVIEW
It is clear that
It is noticeable that
In general
Generally
Overall

Eg:
• It is clear that the population of India was younger than that of France in 1984, with a noticeably
larger proportion of people aged under 20.
• It is clear that there are 11 stages in the production of coffee. The process begins with the
picking of coffee beans, and ends at the packing stage.
• It is noticeable that the monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata var considerably, whereas
monthly temperatures remain relatively stable.
• Overall, Mexico had the lowest percentage of Internet users, while Canada experienced the
fastest growth in Internet usage.

Instructor: Dung T. Pham 2

IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

Các cấu trúc chủ đạo

Có một sự tăng/ giảm
There was a twofold increase in the number of unemployed people between 2005 and 2009
There has been a steady decrease in energy inputs associated with the production of glass and stone wool.
There was a small drop of approximately 0.5 million in the number of bus users

Chứng kiến/ thấy/ ghi nhận/ trải qua

A country saw/ recorded/ experienced/ witnessed a dramatic increase in oil and food prices from 2007 to 2008.

Một sự giảm được nhìn thấy ( bị động)

A dramatic increase in oil and food prices was seen from 2007 to 2008

A tăng mạnh/ nhẹ

Between 1996 and 2002, London house prices jumped to around 12% above the 1989 average

Con số dành cho A là …

The figure for net migration was around 160,000 and it remained at a similar level until 2003

So sánh 2 hoặc 3 số liệu cùng nhau

❖ Although/ While/ Whereas A là a, B là b
Whereas here are 5 million smokers in the UK, only 2 million Canadians and 1 million Australians smoke.
❖ A là a, while the figure for B là b
By 2010, expenditure on mobile phones had reached around $750, while the figure for spending on residential services had fallen to just over half this
amount
While 19% of single people in this group were living below the poverty line, the figure for couples was much lower, at only 7%
❖ A là a, compared to b of B
In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish people and around 5% of Japanese people.
❖ A và B tăng lên a và b respectively
Aged people were the least likely to be poor, with poverty levels of 6% and 4% for single aged people and aged couples respectively.
In 2006, sales of handheld, online and mobile games reached peaks of 17, 9 and 7 billion dollars respectively.

❖ The figure for A và B là a và b respectively

The figures for Internet usage in A and B were 1 and 2 respectively.
The figures for Canada and Mexico were lower, at about 10% and 5 % respectively
❖ A là a, followed by B, with b
Alton towers was the second most popular amusement park, with 17% of the sample, followed by Pleasureland in Southport, with 16%.
In 1930, potatoes were the most popular food, with consumption at 40%, followed by with bread, at 17%.
❖ A và B đứng đầu, with a for the former and b for the latter
A and B were the two most popular used mode of transport, with 1000 for the former and 2000 for the latter.

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

Miêu tả số liệu trong 1 khoảng thời gian

▪ A was a in …. , and/ but this figure/ number/ percentage tăng lên/ giảm xuống a1 in …
The number of cars on the road was 10,000 in the year 2000, but this figure rose to 20,000 two years later.
▪ A tăng mạnh/ giảm from a in … to a1 …
The company’s profits have shrunk from $5.5 billion in 2010 to $1.25 billion in 2014
▪ Having started/ started at a in …, A rose to a1 in …
Having started at 10,000 in 2000, the number of cars on the road rose to 20,000 two years later.
▪ A stood at a in …, but rose to a1 in …
Expenditure on insurance stood at only 2% of the total in 1981, but reached 8% in 2001
▪ A was a in …, reaching a1 in …
The number of prisoners in Great Britain was 10,000 in 1980, reaching a peak of about 80,000 at the end of the
period

CÁCH NÊU SỐ LIỆU CƠ BẢN

At
• Unemployment reached its highest level in 2008, at 10%
• While 19% of single people in this group were living below the poverty line, the figure for couples was much
lower, at only 7%
• The overall adult unemployment rate in London, at 14%, was 4% higher than the rate in the rest of England.
• Similar levels of household spending were seen in the West Midlands, the North West and the East Midlands,
at about 430 pounds to 450 pounds per week.
• The UK unemployment rate has fallen to its lowest level since 2009, official figures show. At 7%, this is the
lowest rate since the February-to-April period in 2009.

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

With
• Canada had the highest figures for imprisonment in 1930 and 1950, with about 120,000 prisoners in both years.
• Washing machines were the fourth most common item, with 66% of households owning one in 1972.
• Aged people were the least likely to be poor, with poverty levels of 6% and 4% for single aged people and aged
couples respectively.
• Over the ten years from 2005 and 2015, similar daily travel expenditure levels can be seen for both business visitors
and tourists, with figures fluctuating around the $200 mark.
• Travel by taxi saw the most significant change, with more than a threefold increase from 13 miles per person per year
in 1985 to 42 miles in 2000

Approximation
Close to
About
Around
Approximately
Roughly
Almost
Nearly
Just below/under
Just above/over
Well below
Well above
A little more/ less than

Instructor: Dung T. Pham 5

IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

Time
Between (year/month) and (year/ month)
From (year/month) to (year/month)
In (year/ month)
Over the period shown
Over a (ten-year) period

Eg:
The graph shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different
countries.
From 1999 and 2004, the immigration rate rose by nearly 150,000 people, but there was a much smaller rise in
emigration.
The charts show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialized countries in
1980 and 1990.
The line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65 or more in three countries over a period of 100 years.

20%

FRACTION One in five

One out of five
Most of
The majority of
Half of
One third of
A quarter of A
One fifth of

20%
In 1932, 20% of British homes had a television, and this increase to 55% in 1950.
On in five
Almost one in five people cited safety as their foremost travel concern, while aggressive driving and highway congestion were
the main issues for 17% and 14% of the travel public.
Most of
Most of the cities saw rising house prices between 1996 and 2002
One out of five
Roughly one out of five respondents were able to speak a second language.
The majority of
In both the UK and Sweden, the majority of dangerous waste products are buried underground.
Half of/ one third of/ a quarter of/ one fifth of
Just over one fifth of single parents were living in poverty, whereas only 12% of parents living with a partner were classed as
poor.

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

Representation
Represent
Make up
Account for
Constitute
Contribute

Represent
Sales of smartphones represented about a third of total revenue.
Make up
Teachers’ salaries made up the largest proportion of the school’s spending in all three years.
Account for
People aged 60 or over accounted for almost a quarter of the Italian population.
Constitute
Fat constitutes exactly one fifth of both the average diet and the health diet.
Contribute
Food and non-alcoholic drink purchases contributed $25 to weekly household expenditure.

FUTURE Be predicted
Be expected
Be thought
Be anticipated
Be projected
Be forecast
Be likely to
Will
Should

Eg:
In 2015, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA is expected to be about 20%. The figures for Canada and
Mexico are likely to be lower, at about 10% and 5% respectively. In 2025, it is predicted that Internet usage in both the
USA and Canada will rise to around 70% of the population, while the figure for Mexico should reach just over 25%.

In 2025, it is predicted that the average person will travel 3,1999 miles by car, and this will rise to 4,806 miles in the year
2030. The figures for miles traveled by train, long distances by bus, taxi and other modes are also expected to increase
from 2025 to 2030. Travel by taxi should see the most significant change, with a projected increase from 13 miles per
person per year in 2025 to 42 miles in 2030.

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

DETAIL
Change
Increase Decrease No change Reach ( a certain value)
Increase Decrease Level out Reach 1.500
Rise Fall Plateau Stand at 1.500
Go up Go down Remain stable
Double Halve Remain unchanged Reach a low of 1.500
Jump Drop Remain the same Reach a high of 1.500
(be) up from 5%/2000 Dip Remain below/ higher Reach a record high of 200
Improve (be) down from ( a certain than/ above/ at 1.500 Reach a record low of 1

Bounce back / rebound value) Be at an all-time high of 100

Amount to Decline Be at an all-time low of 1
Increase twofold Shrink Reach its lowest point
A twofold increase Reach its peak

Big change Small change Gradual change Quick change

Significantly Slightly Gradually Sharply

Considerably moderately Slowly Rapidly
Substantially Consistently quickly
Dramatically Steadily

Instructor: Dung T. Pham 8

IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

Increase
Increase
Total electricity production increased dramatically from 1980 to 2000 in both Australia and France.
A dramatic increase in oil and food prices was seen from 2007 to 2008.
Rise
In 2013, UK house prices rose by 10%
The town’s population has grown by 10000, a rise of more 20 percent
Go up
The country’s export earnings from petroleum products went up by 8.5 percent to approximately $62 billion in 2016.
Double
From 1980 to 1990, the number of scientists and technicians in industrialized countries almost doubled to about 70 per
1000 people.
Jump
Between 1996 and 2002, Londonn house prices jumped to around 12% above the 1989 average.
A sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people is predicted for Japan, with a jump of over 15% in just 10 years
from 2030 to 2040.

(be) up to ( a certain value)

The interest rate is up by three percent
Sales of beverages increased to a whopping $220,000 in 2012. This was up from $40,000 in 2010.
Improve
The average test score improved to 19.7 in 2018.
Bounce back/ rebound
Inflation is expected to bounce back in the new financial year.
Turnovers in the retail sector rebounded to above pre-pandemic levels in the majority of categories.
Amount to
The global revenue from smartphone sales in 2020 amounted to 409.1 billion U.S dollars.
Increase twofold/ a twofold increase
In Ireland, waste production increased more than eightfold, from only 0.6 million tons in 1980 to 5 million tons in 2000.
There was a twofold increase in the number of unemployed people between 2005 and 2009.

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

Decrease
Decrease
From 1990 to 2000, marriage rate has decreased relatively from 2.5 to 2 million.
There has been a steady decrease in energy inputs associated with the production of glass and stone wool.
Fall
The number of people out of work fell by 99,000 to 2.39 million in the three months to October.
There was a slight fall in participation in athletes between 2012 and 2014.
Go down
New York house prices went down by 5%
Halve
Pre-tax profits nearly halved last year to $14 million
Drop
Over the following five years, average yearly spending on landlines dropped by nearly $200
There was a small drop of approximately 0.5 million in the number of bus users.
in 2014.

Dip
House prices dipped by 15% in the first three months of the year.
Vehicle sales fell 1% in Canada in July, the third straight monthly dip after hitting the second-highest level on record in
2012.
Remittances began to declined last year for the first time on record and while the volume has fluctuated, August saw the
third straight monthly dip.
Be down to
By the beginning of 2009, the price of old had dropped by roughly $90, and the food price index was down by about 80
points.
The only decline in income occurred in the gems and jewelry product group, where export earnings were down by around
5% to approximately $40 billion in 2016.
Shrink
The company’s profits have shrunk from $5.5 billion in 2010 to $1.25 billion

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

No change/ fluctuate
Level out
In 2010, divorce rates began to level out for the first time in decades
Plateau
After a period of uninterrupted growth, sales began to plateau.
Remain stable/ the same
Monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata vary considerably, but monthly temperatures remain relatively stable.
Between 1990 and 2000, the number of smokers in the UK decreased dramatically, while the figures for Canada and Australia
remained the same.
Remain below/ above/ at / high/ low/ cheap…
The number of science workers in developing countries remained below 20 per 1000 people.
Figures for precipitation remain above 250 mm from June to September
Homebuyers in New York also had to pay significantly more, with prices rising to 5% above the 1989 average, but homes in
Tokyo remained cheaper than they were in 1989.
After 2004, the rate of immigration remained high, but the number of people emigrating fluctuated.
The figure for net migration was around 160,000 and it remained at a similar level until 2003.
Small increases in sales of Fairtrade coffee can be seen, but revenue remained at $2 billion or below in all three countries in
both years.

Fluctuate
However, while Canada’s wheat exports fluctuated and Australia’s fell, wheat exports form the European
Community rose steadily.
The figures for New Zealand and Australia fluctuated between 40,000 and 100,000 prisoners, although
New Zealand’s prison population tended to be the higher of the two.
From 2005 to 2015, the daily expenditure of business travelers and tourists fluctuated around the $200
mark, whereas people visiting relations or friends spent roughly 60 or 80 dollars less per day.

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

Reach
Reach ( a certain value )
Average rainfall reaches just under 330 mm in the months of July and August.
Spending on research and development also saw rapid growth in these countries, reaching $350 billion in 1990.
Stand at ( a certain value )
In 2000, worldwide sales of handheld games stood at around $11 billion, while console games earned just under $6
billion.
Expenditure on insurance stood at only 2% of the total in 1981, but reached 8% in 2001.
Reach a low/ high point of ( a certain value)
National and international calls reached a high point of around 61 billion minutes in 2002.
Visits by Europeans fell to a low point of approximately 20,000 in 2015

Reach a record high/low of ( a certain value)

The number of people aged 16 or over who are in work was at a record high of 30.09 million, up 250,000 compared
with the May-to-July period.
The number of people leaving the UK fro 12 months or more reached a record high in 2008, with an estimated
427,000 people emigrating.
Be at/ reach an all-time high/ low of ( a certain value)
Exports in Vietnam averaged 8.20 billion USD from 1990 to 2021, reaching an all-time high of 29.65 USD in March of
2021.
The rate of unemployment in Spain is now at an all-time low, as is the level of external debt.
Reach its highest/ lowest level
Unemployment reached its highest level in 2008, at 10%.
The UK unemployment rate has fallen to its lowest level since 2009.
Peak
Net migration peaked at almost 250,000 people in 2004.
The number of prisoners in Great Britain rose steadily between 1930 and 1980, reaching a peak of about 80,000 at
the end of the period.

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

COMPARISON
Compared to/ with More common/ popular/ likely/ successful Overtake
In comparison with Less common/ popular/ likely/ successful Surpass
While/ whereas
Respectively (be) the (second/third/ most popular/ common/
In tandem with likely/ successful / used (noun)

Followed by
By contrast (be) the least popular/ common/ likely/
successful/ used (noun)

(be) twice as much/ many/ likely

Double the amount
Half the size

(be) ranked first/ second

Compared with/to – in comparison with

In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish people and around
5% of Japanese people.
Overall, a much larger percentage of Canadians and Americans had access to the Internet in comparison with
Mexicans.
While/ whereas
By 2010, expenditure on mobile phones had reached around $750, while the figure for spending on residential
services had fallen to just over half this amount.
There are 5 million smokers in the UK, whereas only 2 million Canadians and 1 million Australians smoke.
Respectively
Aged people were the least likely to be poor, with poverty levels of 6% and 4% for single aged people and aged
couples respectively.
The figures for Canada and Mexico were lower, at about 10% and 5 % respectively.
In 2006, sales of handheld, online and mobile games reached peaks of 17, 9 and 7 billion dollars

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

Followed by
Alton towers was the second most popular amusement park, with 17% of the sample, followed by
Pleasureland in Southport, with 16%.
In 1930, potatoes were the most popular food, with consumption at 40%, followed by with bread, at 17%.
By contrast
It is predicted that England will see a 5.9% increase in its population. By contrast, lower population growth
rates are projected for Northern Ireland, at 4.2%, and Scotland, at only 3.2%.
People in Britain spent just over 170,000 pounds in photographic film, which is the highest figure shown on
the chart. By contrast, Germans were the lowest overall spenders, with roughly the same figures ( just at
150,000 pounds) for each of the six products.

(be) more common/ popular/ likely/ successful

It is noticeable that levels of poverty were higher for single people than for couples, and people with children were more likely
to be poor than those without.
Overall, we can see that playing games is marginally more popular than chatting on the Internet.
(be) less common/ popular/ likely/ successful
It is uncommon for families to own three or more cars, with only 2% of households falling in this category.
The car is less environmentally friendly than the train, contributing almost 15% to total carbon emissions.
Workers over age 55 were less than half as likely to receive training as workers under age 40.
(be) the (second/ third) most popular/ common/ likely/ successful/ used (noun)
Nuclear power became the most important fuel source in France in 2000, producing almost 75% of the country’s electricity.
Theme parks attracted to the highest proportion of visitors, and museums were the second most visited attraction.
(be) the least popular/ common/ likely/ successful / used (noun)
Wildlife parks and zoos were the least popular of the four types of tourist attraction.
Aged people were the least likely to be poor, with poverty levels of 6% and 4% for single aged people and aged couples
respectively.

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

(be) twice as much / many/ likey

Women spend over twice as much time as men looking after children.
The daily consumption of electricity in England is about twice as high in the winter as in the summer.
Double the size/ amount
English homes use around double the amount of electricity in winter compared to the summer.
Half the size/ amount
The second largest system, in Paris, is only about half the size of the London underground, with 199 kilometers of
route.
(be) ranked first/ second
In 2014, China was ranked first in terms of the amount of electricity that it produced and consumed.
Overtake
The year 2006 marks the point at which expenditure on mobile services overtook that for residential phone services.
America’s students debt has grown fivefold in size since 2004, overtaking both borrowing on credit cards and car
finance.
Surpass
The figure for 2010 surpassed the previous peak of 1,500 attendants in 2008.
In the last quarter of 1999, sales surpassed 2 million.

FUTURE LANGUAGE
Be predicted
Be expected
Be thought
Be anticipated
Be projected
Be forecast
Be likely to
Will
Should
Eg:
In 2050, the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA is expected to be about 20%. The figures for Canada
and Mexico are likely to be lower, at about 10% and 5% respectively. In 2025, it is predicted that Internet usage in
both the USA and Canada will rise to around 70% of the population, while the figure for Mexico should reach just
over 25%.

In 2025, it is predicted that the average person will travel 3,1999 miles by car, and this will rise to 4,806 miles in
the year 2030. The figures for miles traveled by train, long distances by bus, taxi and other modes are also expected
to increase from 2025 to 2030. Travel by taxi should see the most significant change, with a projected increase
from 13 miles per person per year in 2025 to 42 miles in 2030.

Instructor: Dung T. Pham 15

IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

CÁCH SỬ DỤNG IN TERMS OF

The table compares six underground networks in terms of their age, size and the number of people
who use them each year.
While only third in terms of size, the Tokyo system is easily the most used, with 1927 million
passengers.
It is clear that significant changes will be made in terms of the use of floor space in the gallery.
The main difference between the two sites is that S1 is outside the town, whereas S2 is in the town
center. The sites can be compared in terms of access by road and rail, and their positions relative to
three smaller towns.
In terms of the number of children taking part, football was significantly more popular than athletics
and swimming.

CÁCH SỬ DỤNG PATTERN/ TREND

Just over one fifth of single parents were living in poverty, whereas only 12% of parents living with a
partner were classed as poor. The same pattern can be seen for people with no children: while 19% of
single people were living below the poverty line, the figure for couples was much lower, at ony 7%.
The pie charts show household spending patterns in the UK and New Zealand between 1980 and 2008.
Between 1980 and 2000, waste production in the US rose from 131 to 192 million tons, and rising trends
were also seen in Japan, Poland and Portugal.
A mere 8% of water used globally goes to homes. The opposite trend can be seen when we look at water
consumption for agriculture. This accounts for a massive 69% of global water use.

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ SỐ LIỆU TRONG TABLE

Rank first/ second/ third/ …

Come in first/ second/ third/ …
At the top of the list is A, with a
At the bottom of the list is A with a
A lies last, with a
A is a, followed by B with b

The percentage of female workers in the US ranks first, at 46%.

The figure for Australia ranks second/ comes in second, with 42%, followed by Japan, with 41%.
The proportion of women in the workforce in Egypt lies last, at 20%, which nearly halves that of Japan, at 41%.
The proportion of female workers in the US tops the list, with 46%.
At the top of the list is the US, with the proportion of female workers being 46%.
At the bottom of the list is Egypt, with only 20%.

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IELTS: Writing Task 1 6/9/2021

NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ SỐ LIỆU TRONG PIE CHART

The largest proportion of water used globally was devoted to A // was earmarked for A

The highest proportion belongs to/ goes to A

A takes up/ makes up/ constitutes/ accounts for the largest proportion

The lion’s share of spending was devoted to A // A receives/ gets the lion’s share of sth.

Instructor: Dung T. Pham 18