Q.P. Code: 125013 Reg. No.

:…………………

First Year B.Sc Optometry Degree Regular/Supplementary Examinations

January 2023
Paper III – Physical & Geometrical Optics

(2016 Scheme)
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 80
 Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers
 Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
 Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers • Draw
table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
Essay: (2x15=30)
1. How the different types of polarized light can be distinguished.
2. Basic principle of laser, its action and its applications to medicine.

Short notes (5x5=25)

3. What is diffraction. Explain with neat diagram Fresnel diffraction Refraction at plane
surface according to Fermat
4. Difference between Ramsden and Huygenes eyepiece.
5. Show that for refraction at a concave spherical surface (separating glass- air), the
distance of the object should be greater than three times the radius of curvature of the
refracting surface for the image to be real.
6. A point source of light is located 20 cm in front of a convex mirror with f = 15 cm.
Determine the position and characteristic of the image point
7. Explain Chromatic aberration

Answer briefly (10x2=20)

8. Fermat’s principle
9. Define dispersion of light
10. Define power of a lens. What is the unit of measurement
11. What are non-reflection films
12. Define linear magnification
13. What are nodal planes
14. Define depth of focus
15. Two importance of Sagitta depth
16. Angle of minimum deviation
17. What are purkinje images and two significance points

Fill in the blanks (5x1=5)

18. There are _________points known as cardinal points of an optical system
19. The power of magnifying glasses given by ________
20. The aberration that occurs due to dispersion of light are called _______ aberration
21. The Ramsden eyepiece is sometimes referred to as ________ eyepiece
22. The axial length of the eye as per Gullstrand schematic eye is ______
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Q.P. Code: 125013 Reg. No.:…………………

First Year B.Sc Optometry Degree Supplementary Examinations

May 2022
Paper III – Physical & Geometrical Optics

(2016 Scheme)
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 80
 Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers
 Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
 Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers • Draw
table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
Essay: (2x15=30)
1. Electromagnetic Spectrum
2. Huygens’s Principal

Short notes (5x5=25)

3. Law of refraction and Law of reflection
4. Refraction through plane surfaces
5. An object 3 cm high is placed 20 cm from (a) a convex and (b) a concave spherical
mirror, each of 10-cm focal length. Determine the position and nature of the image in
each case.
6. Explain Spherical aberration
7. Define Constructive and destructive interference.

Answer briefly (10x2=20)

8. Newtonian equation for the thin lens
9. Image formation by Plano cylinder Lenses
10. Entrance and Exit Pupil
11. Sign Convention
12. Define 1 prism dioptre
13. A microscope has an objective of 3.8 cm focal length and an eyepiece of 5 cm focal
length. If the distance between the lenses is 16.4 cm, find the magnification of the
microscope.
14. Write the parameters of Gullstrand’s schematic eye for all the structure
15. Define Accommodation and near point of accommodation
16. Types of Ametropia
17. Classification of Astigmatism on the basis of Ray diagram.

Fill in the blanks (5x1=5)

18. Color seen in soap films is due to the phenomenon of ______________________

19. Refractive index of aqueous given by Gullstrand is _____________

20. Keplerian telescopes is often referred to as __________
21. Speed of light in vacuum _______
22. Spherical equivalent of -6.00 X 90 = _______
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Q.P. Code: 125013 Reg. No.:…………………

First Year B.Sc Optometry Degree Regular/Supplementary Examinations

February 2021
Paper III – Physical & Geometrical Optics

(2016 Scheme)
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 80
 Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers
 Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
 Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers • Draw
table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
Essay: (2x15=30)
1. Derive the refraction at spherical surface. Derive vergence equation.
2. Derive the law of distances in the case of a convex lens. Derive the magnification
produced by a convex lens in terms of distance of object and distance of image from
the optic centre of the lens

Short notes (5x5=25)

3. Sketch the ray diagrams of different imaging in the case of convex lens
4. Two lenses have focal length 25cm and -50 cm are kept in contact. What is the
equivalent power of the combination.
5. Explain the terms depth of focus and depth of field
6. Discuss in detail about chromatic aberration in lenses. How chromatic aberration can
be eliminated
7. Sketch the ray diagram of Newtonian telescope. Derive the expression for magnification
produced.

Answer briefly (10x2=20)

8. Compare the optical properties of crown and flint glasses.
9. How astigmatism can be reduced.
10. Explain achromatic doublet.
11. Distinguish between chromatic aberration and spherical aberration.
12. Write the expression for the deviation produced by thin prism.
13. Explain imaging due to two cylinders in contact with axis parallel.
14. Explain field stops and apertures.
15. Explain Huygen’s principle.
16. Explain the terms reflectivity and transmittivity of a plane surface.
17. Explain the circle of least confusion.

Fill in the blanks (5x1=5)

18. Distorsion is type of …………aberration
19. Length of a compound microscope is ……….
20. Astigmatism can be corrected by ……… Of lens
21. Unit of power is ……………
22. Velocity of light is maximum in the …………
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Q.P. Code: 125013 Reg. No.:…………………

First Year B.Sc Optometry Degree Regular/Supplementary Examinations

January 2022
Paper III – Physical & Geometrical Optics

(2016 Scheme)
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 80
 Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers
 Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
 Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers • Draw
table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
Essay: (2x15=30)
1. What do you understand by principal points, principal planes, nodal points and nodal
planes of a thick lens. Explain their properties. Derive corresponding Newton’s formula.
2. Discuss the diffraction due to a circular aperture. What is Airy’s disc. State Raleigh’s
criterion for resolution. Obtain the resolving power of a telescope

Short notes (5x5=25)

3. Explain image formation by a cylindrical lens.
4. Explain the terms aperture stop and pupils with reference to controlling image
brightness in an optical system.
5. With the help of a neat ray diagram explain the formation of image in a compound
microscope. Write an expression for the magnification.
6. Explain chromatic aberration and how it can be removed
7. Describe how plane polarized light is produced by reflection and refraction

Answer briefly (10x2=20)

8. Explain myopia and how it can be corrected
9. Draw Gullstrand’s simplified schematic eye.
10. A real object is located 100 cm in front of a +5.5D lens. Where is the image formed.
What is the nature of the image. Use vergence method.
11. A prism material has an index of 1.5 and an apex of 5 degree .What is the angle of
deviation of the prism ?.
12. An object is placed between the pole and focal point of a concave mirror. Show with a
ray diagram where the image is formed and what is its nature.
13. State Huygens’ principle.
14. A light bulb emitting 100W of radiant power is positioned 2m from a surface. Calculate
irradiance at the surface.
15. What do you understand by dispersive power of a prism.
16. Two thin lenses of focal lengths 20 cm and 40cm are placed 20 cm apart. Find the
effective focal length of the optical system.
17. Why population inversion is necessary for laser operation

Fill in the blanks (5x1=5)

18. Two waves of equal amplitude 'A' interfere. At the regions of constructive
interference , the intensity is proportional to .........
19. In a grating spectrum of a particular order …………………. color is least deviated.
20. The minimum length of a mirror that is needed for a person of height 6 feet to see his
entire reflection is …………………...
21. Speed of light in vacuum is …………………….
22. The phenomenon of polarization is exhibited by ………………. waves.
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Q.P. Code: 125013 Reg. No.:…………………

First Year B.Sc Optometry Degree Supplementary Examinations

March (November), 2020
Paper III – Physical & Geometrical Optics

(2016 Scheme)
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 80
 Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers
 Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
 Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers • Draw
table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
Essay: (2x15=30)
1. Derive the law of refraction at concave refracting surface. Derive vergence equation.
2. Define the effective focal length of a system of two lenses in contact with
each other (15 marks)

Short notes (5x5=25)

3. Explain the law of reflection using Huygen’s wave theory.
4. Difference between crown and flint glass .Explain how it helps in reducing aberrations. (5 marks)
5. Explain the deviation produced by a thin prism. How deviation produced depends on
refractive index.
6. Explain the nodal points and nodal slits.
7. Distinguish between linear magnification and angular magnification. How they are
related.

Answer briefly (10x2=20)

8. What are field stops and apertures. Explain
9. State and explain Snell’s law of refraction
10. Explain real and apparent depth. How they are related
11. Sketch the ray diagram of a compound microscope
12. How spherical aberration in lenses can be eliminated
13. Explain astigmatism, distortion and curvature of field
14. Explain the working of a Galliean telescope
15. What are Zernike Polynomials
16. Point out the differences between ray aberrations and wave front aberrations
17. What is circle of least confusion

Fill in the blanks (5x1=5)

18. Two plane mirrors are inclined at an angle 600. The number of images formed
are……………………
19. Focal length of a lens is 50cm.The power of the lens is……………………diopter
20. The tube length of a microscope is …………………….
21. When object is at infinity. Image will be formed at ………………………
22. Number of cardinal points of a convex lens is …………………
*****************
Q.P. Code: 125013 Reg. No.:…………………

First Year B.Sc Optometry Degree Regular/Supplementary Examinations

August 2021
Paper III – Physical & Geometrical Optics

(2016 Scheme)
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 80
 Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers
 Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
 Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers • Draw
table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
Essay: (2x15=30)
1. Define Gull Strand’s Schematic and explain power calculation of optical components
2. Explain the reflection by a spherical mirror and derive the vergence equation. Sketch
the imaging by convex and concave mirror

Short notes (5x5=25)

3. Explain the law of refraction using Huygen’s principle
4. Two lenses having focal lengths 50 cm and -25 cm are separated axially by a distance
of 10 cm. Calculate the effective focal length
5. Explain the differences between fluorescence and phosphorescence
6. Explain the defects of images formed by a lens How they can be corrected
7. How presbyopia can be corrected. Explain with diagram

Answer briefly (10x2=20)

8. How refractive index of a medium is related to wave length of light in that medium
9. Explain Fermat’s principle
10. Explain paraxial approximation. Write the vergence equation in the case of a convex
lens
11. Explain Abbe’s number
12. Sketch the ray diagram of a Newtonian telescope
13. Sketch the formation of images formed by two cylindrical lenses in contact with their
axis perpendicular to each other.
14. How spherical aberration in lenses can be minimised
15. Explain the following aberrations • coma • curvature of field
16. What are Zernike polynomials
17. Explain Lambert cosine rule in the photometry.

Fill in the blanks (5x1=5)

18. The focal length of a lens is -75 cm The power of the lens is ……………………
19. Chromatic aberration can be eliminated by using …………………… instead of a single
lens
20. Length of compound microscope is ……………………
21. The values of real and apparent depth of a slab is 12 cm and 9 cm. The refractive index
of slab is……….
22. The number of cardinal points of convex lens placed in water is …………………
*****************
Q.P. Code: 125013 Reg. No.:…………………

First Year B.Sc Optometry Degree Supplementary Examinations

April 2019

Paper III – Physical & Geometrical Optics

(2016 Scheme)
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 80

 Answer all questions

 Draw diagram wherever necessary
Essay: (2x15=30)
1. Define Gull strand's Schematic and explain power calculation of optical
components
2. Describe an experiment to determine the wavelength of light using diffraction grating
with necessary formula. State inverse square law of photometry. Explain Lambert’s law

Short notes (5x5=25)

3. Describe Young’s experiment. Derive an expression for the fringe width.
4. Explain the difference between fluorescence and phosphorescence.
5. Explain the defects and correction methods of astigmatism and coma
6. Define prism diopter. Derive an expression for the deviation produced by a thin prism
7. What is paraxial approximation. Obtain vergence equation

Answer briefly (10x2=20)

8. Compare crown and flint glasses.
9. State Brewster’s law.
10. Explain optical pumping and population inversion.
11. Define reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient
12. Two lenses of powers +2.5 D and - 5.O D are kept co axially separated by
13. a distance
What 30 cm,
are field calculate
stops the equivalent
and apertures. power and focal length of the combination
Explain.
14. Explain the working of a simple microscope.
15. Write down the expression for the magnification of a compound microscope. What is
tube length.
16. Mention the six cardinal points of system of two thin lenses.
17. Distinguish between spatial coherence and temporal coherence

Fill in the blanks (5x1=5)

18. Nodal points are two points on the axis of a lens system such that the relative angular
magnification is ……………
19. Distortion is an example of …………….. aberration.
20. In double refraction the ray which does not obey the laws of refraction is called
…………. ray.
21. When circularly polarized light is seen through a rotating nicol prism, there is no
variation in ……………. of light.
22. In ruby laser the active laser particles are the ………….. atoms.
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 2010 Scheme
Q.P. Code: 103013 Reg. No.:…………………
First Year B.Sc Optometry Degree Supplementary Examinations
January 2023
Physics
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 80
 Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
 Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers
 Draw table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
Essay: (2x15=30)
1. Explain the interference in wedge shaped films. Derive the expression for bandwidth of
interference pattern of air wedge. How can we test the optical flatness of two surfaces
using air wedge.
2. Explain in detail the production and detection of plane polarised, circularly polarised,
elliptically polarised light. Explain of working of half hade polarimeter.
Short notes (5x5=25)
3. Define principal plane, optical axis, ordinary ray, extraordinary ray, negative and
positive crystals. Draw the diagram of Nicol prism and mark the above mentioned
parameters.
4. Distinguish between step index and graded index fibres. Write the expression for
numerical aperature of these two type of fibres.
5. What happens to interference pattern in Young’s experiment if • one of the slit is closed
• mica sheet is introduced in between one of the slits and screen • experiment is
performed under water • distance between slits and screen is increased • If yellow light
is replaced by blue light.
6. Explain how population inversion is achieved in He-Ne laser
7. Define • numerical aperature of a fibre • angle of acceptance • acceptance cone
• V-number • single mode and multimode propagation.

Answer briefly (10x2=20)

8. Explain Fourier transformation properties of lenses.
9. Explain the propagation of electromagnetic wave in vacuum using simple equations.
10. Explain nodal slides and nodal points of a lens.
11. Explain meta-stable state in a laser.
12. How a hologram is produced.
13. Explain temporal and spatial coherence.
14. Give four applications of laser in Ophthalmology.
15. Explain specific rotation. Draw the experimental diagram of determination of specific
rotation of sugar solution.
16. Explain Raman scattering. What are stokes and anti-stokes lines.
17. Explain nodal slides and nodal points of a lens.

Fill in the blanks (5x1=5)

18. Colour of rainbow is due to ……………………………
19. Band width of interference band are ………………………
20. Grating specta is a……………………spectrum
21. Velocity of light is maximum in …………………………
22. Raman scattering is ………………… scattering
*****************
Q.P. Code: 125013 Reg. No.:…………………

First Year B.Sc Optometry Degree Supplementary Examinations

May 2023
Paper III – Physical & Geometrical Optics

(2016 Scheme)
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 80
 Answer all questions to the point neatly and legibly • Do not leave any blank pages between answers
 Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space
 Answer all parts of a single question together • Leave sufficient space between answers • Draw
table/diagrams/flow charts wherever necessary
Essay: (2x15=30)
1. Explain Fermat’s principle. Derive laws of reflection using Fermat’s principle.
2. Telescope and its types

Short notes (5x5=25)

3. Reflection in plane mirrors
4. Refraction at a spherical surface
5. Thin Lens
6. Explain Chromatic aberration
7. Microscope

Answer briefly (10x2=20)

8. Definition of Aperture Stop
9. Prism placement in convex and concave lenses
10. Define Dispersion
11. Define Prentice’s Rule
12. Define Polarization
13. Draw Airy’s disc
14. Rayleigh’s Criterion
15. Einstein’s theory of light-matter interaction
16. Define Aphakia
17. Lens 1: +2.00/+0.75 X 45; Simple transposition and find out the spherical equivalent

Fill in the blanks (5x1=5)

18. ______ is the aperture that controls the field of view by limiting the solid angle formed
by chief rays
19. ________ is the image of the field stop formed by all optical elements following it
20. _________ is the science of measurement of electromagnetic radiation
21. Fringe width of Young’s double slit experiment ----– with increasing
22. -----------------is the unit of radiant energy.

****************
Q.P. Code: 125013 Reg. No.:…………………

First Year B.Sc Optometry Degree Regular/Supplementary Examinations

October 2019
Paper III – Physical & Geometrical Optics

(2016 Scheme)
Time: 3 hrs Max marks: 80
 Answer all questions
 Draw diagram wherever necessary
Essay: (2x15=30)
1. State Fermat’s and Huygens’s principles and using them arrive at the laws of reflection
and refraction.
2. What is meant by plane and circularly polarized light. Explain Brewster’s law and show
that when light is incident on a transparent substance at the polarizing angle, the
reflected and refracted rays are at right angles. Explain how plane polarized light is
produced by reflection and refraction

Short notes (5x5=25)

3. Explain image formation by a cylindrical lens.
4. What is chromatic aberration and explain the methods of minimizing it.
5. What is myopia and explain how it can be corrected.
6. An object 3 cm high is placed 20 cm to the left focal length of a convex and
"concave" spherical mirror ,each of 10 cm determined position and nature of the image
in each case using vergence method
7. Write the grating equation and explain how grating produces spectrum with white light.
In any order which end of the spectrum is deviated most

Answer briefly (10x2=20)

8. State Prentice rule.
9. Draw Gullstrand’s simplified schematic eye.
10. Explain the term entrance pupil.
11. What is the advantage of reflecting telescope over refracting telescope. Explain.
12. What is meant by ocular astigmatism
13. At what object position the image formed by a concave mirror will be real, inverted and
of the same size as the object. Draw the corresponding ray diagram.
14. Describe spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation.
15. Define principal planes for a thick lens. Draw the necessary ray diagram.
16. What is the deviation produced by an ophthalmic crown glass prism (refractive
index=1.523) with a 6◦ apex angle.
17. Differentiate between phosphorescence and fluorescence

Fill in the blanks (5x1=5)

18. The unit of radiant intensity is …………………...
19. The phenomenon of polarization is exhibited by ………………….. waves.
20. In laser pumping is used to support ………………….
21. The reflected images from the front and back surfaces of the crystalline lens of the eye
are called …………………….
22. In a compound microscope, the objective lens serves as the ………………… stop and
………………….. pupil of the optical system.
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