LTE REFERENCE SIGNAL POWER CONSIDERATIONS

Department name: Ecuador RF Delivery

Author’s name: William Rendón
Date: 20230217

Security Level:
Contents
1. Brief Introduction of Physical Channels
2. Downlink Physical Channels
3. Uplink Physical Channels
4. Downlink Physical signals
5. Power Control Features
6. eMIMO
7. Superior Uplink Coverage
LTE Protocol Stack Control Plane y User Plane
CONTROL PLANE PROTOCOL STACK

USER PLANE PROTOCOL STACK CONTROL PLANE USER PLANE

LTE 3Protocol - Huawei Enterprise Support Community

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The LTE protocol stack architecture

1) C-Plane (control plane) and 2) U-Plane (user plane) Control User

and also consists of three layers: L1, L2 and L3.
According to the above representation, L3 is placed only in the Control plane and the remaining two (L2, L1) are presented both Plane Plane
in the User plane and in the Control plane.
L3: Consists of two protocols that are required to perform L3 functionalities. These are: RRC and NAS.
AMR Codec
RRC = Radio Resource Control.
NAS = Stratum without access.
NAS
• RRC responsible for the main signaling functionalities such as: "RRC Connection Setup," "Paging," "Handover," etc.
• NAS-responsible signaling features such as: "Attach-registration," "TAU (Track Area Update) " and "Detach." L3 SRB DRB
To start NAS features we need to go through RRC (UE must be in RRC Connected mode).
RRC
L2: responsible for many functions, these are handled by three protocols such as: PDCP, RLC and MAC.

• PDCP = Packet Data Convergence Protocol responsible for "security functions like: Encryption and Integrity Functions." And
it is also responsible for "Header Compression." SRB
• RLC = Radio link control responsible for "Reliable Transmission."
• MAC = Medium access control responsible for "Buffer Status Reporting," "Discontinuous Reception" etc.
PDCP
L1: Responsible for transmission and reception. During transmission and reception some functionalities take place such as:
modulation schemes, coding schemes, etc. That will be handled by "PHY." SRB DRB
• High-level to low-level communication:
If the NAS wishes to initiate any signaling communication, then it first communicates with the RRC using "SRB."
• After that, the RRC will communicate with the RLC or PDCP.
RLC
If any security is required for signaling, then it will be transmitted to the PDCP using "SRBs." L2 Logical
• Otherwise, it will be transmitted over the RLC by connecting to the SRBs.
• From the user plane, the CODEC (AMR Codec) will transmit the information to the PDCP by connecting to DRB.
Channel
And the PDCP transmits the user plane information or the Control plane information to the RLC by connecting to DRB or SRB. MAC
• We have separate notation to transmit information from RLC to different "channels."

There are three types of channels in LTE:

1) Logical channels: logical channels necessary to carry information between RLC and MAC. And these are defined as . "What
kind of information carries either control information or user data."
Transport Channel
2) Transport channels: transport channels needed to transport information between MAC and PHY. Which are defined as "How
that information was conveyed."
3) Physical channels.-- Physical channels required to carry information about the air interface.
L1 PHY
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Physical Channel
OFDMA & SC-FDMA
OFDM & OFDMA DFT-S-OFDM & SC-FDMA
 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a  DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread
modulation multiplexing technology, divides the system OFDM) is the modulation multiplexing technology
bandwidth into orthogonal subcarriers. CP is inserted used in the LTE uplink, which is similar with OFDM
between the OFDM symbols to avoid the ISI. but can release the UE PA limitation caused by
high PAPR. Each user is assigned part of the
 OFDMA is the multi-access technology related with
system bandwidth.
OFDM, is used in the LTE downlink. OFDMA is the
combination of TDMA and FDMA essentially.  SC-FDMA（Single Carrier Frequency Division
Multiple Accessing）is the multi-access technology
 Advantage: High spectrum utilization efficiency due to
related with DFT-S-OFDM.
orthogonal subcarriers need no protect bandwidth.
Support frequency link auto adaptation and scheduling.  Advantage: High spectrum utilization efficiency
Easy to combine with MIMO. due to orthogonal user bandwidth need no protect
bandwidth. Low PAPR.
 Disadvantage: Strict requirement of time-frequency
domain synchronization. High PAPR.  The subcarrier assignment scheme includes
System Bandwidth
Localized mode and Distributed mode.
Sub-carriers

System Bandwidth Sub-carriers

TTI: 1ms
TTI: 1ms
Frequency
Frequency

User 1
User 1 User 2
User 2 User 3
Time
Time User 3 Sub-band：12Sub-carriers
Sub-band：12Sub-carriers

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Radio Frame Structure
Radio Frame Structures Supported by LTE:
 Type 1, applicable to FDD
 Type 2, applicable to TDD

Sub-carriers

Frequency
FDD Radio Frame Structure:
 LTE applies OFDM technology, with subcarrier spacing f=15kHz and 2048-order

User 1
User 2
User 3
IFFT. The time unit in frame structure is Ts=1/(2048* 15000) second
1 7
 FDD radio frame is 10ms shown as below, divided into 20 slots which are 0.5ms.
 One slot consists of 7 consecutive OFDM Symbols under Normal CP configuration

System Bandwidth
One radio frame, Tf = 307200Ts = 10 ms
One slot, Tslot = 15360Ts = 0.5 ms

Sub-band：12Sub-carriers
#0 #1 #2 #3 #18 #19
FDD Radio Frame Structure
One subframe 12

Concept of Resource Block:

 LTE consists of time domain and frequency domain resources. The minimum unit for
schedule is RB (Resource Block), which compose of RE (Resource Element)

TTI: 1ms
 RE has 2-dimension structure: symbol of time domain and subcarrier of frequency domain

Time
 One RB consists of 1 slot and 12 consecutive subcarriers under Normal CP configuration

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Brief Introduction of Physical Channels Channel
Bandwidth
Channel
Bandwidth

Frequency
Uplink Downlink

Downlink Channels： Duplex Spacing

 Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH): Carries system information for

cell search, such as cell ID. BCH MCH PCH DL-SCH
Downlink
 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) : Carries the resource Transport channels
allocation of PCH and DL-SCH, and Hybrid ARQ information. MAC Layer
 Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) : CARRIES THE Physical Layer
DOWNLINK USER DATA.
Downlink
 Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) : Carriers Physical channels
PBCH PMCH PDSCH PDCCH
information of the OFDM symbols number used for the PDCCH.
Mapping between downlink transport
 Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) : Carries Hybrid ARQ channels and downlink physical channels
ACK/NACK in RESPONSE TO UPLINK TRANSMISSIONS.
 Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH) : Carries the multicast information.

Uplink Channels：
UL-SCH RACH
 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) : Carries the random Uplink
Transport channels
access preamble.
MAC Layer
 Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) : CARRIES THE UPLINK
USER DATA. Physical Layer

 Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) : Carries the HARQ Uplink

Physical channels
ACK/NACK, Scheduling Request (SR) and Channel Quality Indicator PUSCH PRACH PUCCH

(CQI), etc. Mapping between uplink transport

channels and downlink physical channels

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Downlink Physical Channel
Downlink Physical Channel Processing
 scrambling of coded bits in each of the code words to be transmitted on a physical channel
 modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulation symbols
 mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers
 precoding of the complex-valued modulation symbols on each layer for transmission on the antenna ports
 mapping of complex-valued modulation symbols for each antenna port to resource elements
 generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for each antenna port

code words layers antenna ports

Modulation Resource element OFDM signal

Scrambling
mapper mapper generation Air
Layer
mapper
Precoding Interface
Modulation Resource element OFDM signal
Scrambling mapper
mapper generation

Modulation Scheme of Phy Ch Modulation Scheme Phy Ch Modulation Scheme

Downlink Channel
PBCH QPSK PCFICH QPSK
 Shown at the right table
PDCCH QPSK PHICH BPSK

PDSCH QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM PMCH QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

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Uplink Physical Channel
Uplink Physical Channel Processing
 scrambling
 modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols
 transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols
 mapping of complex-valued symbols to resource elements
 generation of complex-valued time-domain SC-FDMA signal for each antenna port

Scrambling
Modulation Transform Resource SC-FDMA Air
mapper precoder element mapper signal gen. Interface

Modulation Scheme of Downlink Channel

 Shown at the right table Phy Ch Modulation Scheme
PUCCH BPSK, QPSK

PUSCH QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

PRACH Zadoff-Chu

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Downlink Physical Signals 1
12 Sub 7 Symbols 7 Symbols
Carriers Downlink RS (Reference Signal):
One Antenna Port  Similar with Pilot signal of CDMA. Used for downlink physical channel
One antenna port
R0 R0 demodulation and channel quality measurement (CQI)
R0 R0
Cell-Specific RS  Three types of RS in protocol. Cell-Specific Reference Signal is essential and
Mapping in Time- the other two types RS (MBSFN Specific RS & UE-Specific RS) are optional.
R0 R0
Frequency Domain
R0 R0 Characteristics:
l0 l6 l0 l6
 Cell-Specific Reference Signals are generated from cell-specific
RE RS sequence and frequency shift mapping. RS is the pseudo-
Two Antenna Ports

Resource element (k,l)

R0 R0 R1 R1 Not used for RS random sequence transmits in the time-frequency domain.

transmission on this
Two antenna ports

antenna port  The frequency interval of RS is 6 subcarriers.

R0 R0 R1 R1
Not used for transmission on this antenna port
 RS distributes discretely in the time-frequency domain, sampling
R0 R0 R1 R1
Reference symbols on this antenna port the channel situation which is the reference of DL demodulation.
R0 R0 R1 R1
RS symbols on this  Serried RS distribution leads to accurate channel estimation,
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
antenna port
also high overhead that impacting the system capacity.
Four Antenna Ports

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
R1: RS transmitted in 1st ant port
Four antenna ports

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3 R2: RS transmitted in 2nd ant port

R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
R3: RS transmitted in 3rd ant port
R4: RS transmitted in 4th ant port
R0 R0 R1 R1 R2 R3
l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6 l0 l6
MBSFN: Multicast/Broadcast
even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots even-numbered slots odd-numbered slots over a Single Frequency Network

Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Antenna port 2 Antenna port 3

Antenna Port 0 Antenna Port 1 Antenna Port 2 Antenna Port 3

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Downlink Physical Signals 2
Synchronization Signal:
 synchronization signals are used for time-frequency synchronization between UE and E-UTRAN during cell search.
 synchronization signal comprise two parts:
 Primary Synchronization Signal, used for symbol timing, frequency synchronization and part of the cell ID detection.
 Secondary Synchronization Signal, used for detection of radio frame timing, CP length and cell group ID.

Characteristics:
 The bandwidth of the synchronization
signal is 62 subcarrier, locating in the
central part of system bandwidth,
regardless of system bandwidth size.
 Synchronization signals are transmitted
only in the 1st and 11rd slots of every
10ms frame.
 The primary synchronization signal is
located in the last symbol of the transmit
slot. The secondary synchronization signal
is located in the 2nd last symbol of the
transmit slot.
Synchronization Signals Structure

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Uplink Physical Signals
Uplink RS (Reference Signal): Freq
Allocated UL bandwidth of one UE
 The uplink pilot signal, used for synchronization
between E-UTRAN and UE, as well as uplink
channel estimation.
DM RS associated with PUSCH is
 Two types of UL reference signals: mapped to the 4th symbol each slot
 DM RS (Demodulation Reference Signal), associated Time

with PUSCH and PUCCH transmission. Freq

 SRS (Sounding Reference Signal), without associated

with PUSCH and PUCCH transmission.
DM RS associated with PUCCH
Characteristics: (transmits UL ACK signaling) is mapped
 Each UE occupies parts of the system bandwidth since to the central 3 symbols each slot

SC-FDMA is applied in uplink. DM RS only transmits in the Time

bandwidth allocated to PUSCH and PUCCH. Freq
 The slot location of DM RS differs with associated PUSCH
and PUCCH format.
 Sounding RS’s bandwidth is larger than that allocated to
DM RS associated with PUCCH
UE, in order to provide the reference to e-NodeB for (transmits UL CQI signaling) is mapped
to the 2 symbols each slot
channel estimation in the whole bandwidth.
 Sounding RS is mapped to the last symbol of sub-frame. Time
System bandwidth
The transmitted bandwidth and period can be configured.
PUCCH is mapped to up & down
SRS transmission scheduling of multi UE can achieve ends of the system bandwidth,
time/frequency/code diversity. hopping between two slots.

Synchronization Signals Structure

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Downlink Resource Structure
 Downlink Resource Structure

 Type I frame, single antenna, ΔF = 15 kHz The PDCCH / PHICH /

 Standard RB: PCFICH are Type A
Signals. If PA has the
lowest value this
signals also will have
low power, causing
 One of center 6 RBs: unbalancing.

 Legend:

Downlink Reference Signals

PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
PSS (Primary Synchronisation Signal)
SSS (Secondary Synchronisation Signal)
PDCCH / PHICH / PCFICH (Physical - Downlink Control / HARQ Indicator / Control Format Indicator - Channels)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Data Channel)
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Downlink Resource Structure
7 OFDM symbols at normal CP per slot (0.5 ms)

CP OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP
Symbol 0 Symbol 1 Symbol 2 Symbol 3 Symbol 4 Symbol 5 Symbol 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Legend:
Downlink Reference signals
Centre 6 RBs

PBCH
1 subframe = 2 slot (1 ms) PSS
SSS
PDCCH / PHICH / PCFICH
PDSCH

SF 0 SF 1 SF 2 SF 3 SF 4 SF 5 SF 6 SF 7 SF 8 SF 9

1 frame =
10 subframe (10 ms)

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Uplink Resource Structure
7 OFDM symbols at normal CP per slot (0.5 ms)
CP OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM OFDM

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP

CP
Symbol 0 Symbol 1 Symbol 2 Symbol 3 Symbol 4 Symbol 5 Symbol 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Legend:
UL DMRS (Uplink Demodulation Reference Signal)
UL SRS (Uplink Sounding Reference Signal)

1 subframe = 2 slot (1 ms) PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)

(incl.HARQ feedback and CQI reporting)
Demodulation Reference Signal for PUCC
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Data Channel)

SF 0 SF 1 SF 2 SF 3 SF 4 SF 5 SF 6 SF 7 SF 8 SF 9

1 frame =
10 subframe (10 ms)

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Physical Layer Procedure — Cell Search
Basic Principle of Cell Search: Initial Cell Search:
 Cell search is the procedure of UE synchronizes with E-  The initial cell search is carried on after the UE power on. Usually, UE
UTRAN in time-freq domain, and acquires the serving cell ID. doesn’t know the network bandwidth and carrier frequency at the first time
 Two steps in cell search: switch on.
 Step 1: Symbol synchronization and acquirement of ID  UE repeats the basic cell search, tries all the carrier frequency in the
within Cell Group by demodulating the Primary spectrum to demodulate the synchronization signals. This procedure takes
Synchronization Signal; time, but the time requirement are typically relatively relaxed. Some methods
 Step 2: Frame synchronization, acquirement of CP can reduce time, such as recording the former available network information
length and Cell Group ID by demodulating the as the prior search target.
Secondary Synchronization Signal.  Once finish the cell search, which achieve synchronization of time-freq
domain and acquirement of Cell ID, UE demodulates the PBCH and acquires
About Cell ID： for system information, such as bandwidth and Tx antenna number.
 In LTE protocol, the physical layer Cell ID comprises two  After the procedure above, UE demodulates the PDCCH for its paging period
parts: Cell Group ID and ID within Cell Group. The latest that allocated by system. UE wakes up from the IDLE state in the specified
version defines that there are 168 Cell Group IDs, 3 IDs paging period, demodulates PDCCH for monitoring paging. If paging is
within each group. So totally 168*3=504 Cell IDs exist. detected, PDSCH resources will be demodulated to receive paging message.

cell
N ID  3N ID
(1)
 N ID
(2)

 (1) represents Cell Group ID, value from 0 to 167;

N ID
(2) represents ID within Cell Group, value from 0 to 2.
N ID

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Physical Layer Procedure — Radom Access
Basic Principle of Random Access : Detail Procedure of Random Access:
 Random access is the procedure of uplink synchronization  Physical Layer procedure is triggered upon request of a
between UE and E-UTRAN. preamble transmission by higher layers.
 Prior to random access, physical layer shall receive the  The higher layers request indicates a preamble index, a target
following information from the higher layers: preamble received power, a corresponding RA-RNTI and a
 Random access channel parameters: PRACH PRACH resource .
configuration, frequency position and preamble format, etc.  UE determines the preamble transmission power is preamble
 Parameters for determining the preamble root sequences target received power + Path Loss. The transmission shall not
and their cyclic shifts in the sequence set for the cell, in higher than the maximum transmission power of UE. Path Loss
order to demodulate the random access preamble. is the downlink path loss estimate calculated in the UE.
 Two steps in physical layer random access:  A preamble sequence is selected from the preamble sequence
set using the preamble index.
 UE transmission of random access preamble
 Random access response from E-UTRAN  A single preamble is transmitted using the selected preamble
sequence with calculated transmission power on the indicated
PRACH resource.
 UE Detection of a PDCCH with the indicated RA-RNTI is
attempted during a window controlled by higher layers. If
detected, the corresponding PDSCH transport block is passed
to higher layers. The higher layers parse the transport block
and indicate the 20-bit grant.
RA-RNTI: Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier

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Physical Layer Procedure — Power Control
Basic Principle of Power Control: Downlink Power Control:
 The transmission power of downlink RS is usually constant. The
 Downlink power control determines the EPRE (Energy
transmission power of PDSCH is proportional with RS transmission power.
per Resource Element);
 Downlink transmission power will be adjusted by the comparison of UE
 Uplink power control determines the energy per DFT-
report CQI and target CQI during the power control.
SOFDM (also called SC-FDMA) symbol.

Uplink Power Control:

UE report CQI
 Uplink power control consists of opened loop power and closed loop power
control. DL Tx Power

 A cell wide overload indicator (OI) is exchanged over X2 interface for integrated
inter-cell power control, possible to enhance the system performance through
power control.

 PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH and Sounding RS can be controlled respectively by

X2
uplink power control. Take PUSCH power control for example:
PPUSCH(i)  min {PMAX ,10 log 10 (M PUSCH(i))  PO_PUSCH(j)  α(j)  PL  ΔTF (i)  f(i)}
UL Tx Power
 PUSCH power control is the slow power control, to compensate the path loss
System adjust
and shadow fading and control inter-cell interference. The control principle is
parameters
shown in above equation. The following factors impact PUSCH transmission
power PPUSCH: UE maximum transmission power PMAX, UE allocated resource
MPUSCH, initial transmission power PO_PUSCH, estimated path loss PL, modulation
EPRE: Energy per Resource Element
coding factor △TF and system adjustment factor f (not working during opened DFT-SOFDM: Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM
loop PC)

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Overview of LTE Layer 2
Layer 2 is split into the following layers: Main Functions of Layer 2:
 MAC (Medium Access Control) Layer  Header compression, Ciphering
 RLC (Radio Link Control ) Layer  Segmentation and concatenation, ARQ
 PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol ) Layer  Scheduling, priority handling, multiplexing
and demultiplexing, HARQ
Layer 2 Structure for DL Layer 2 Structure for UL

Radio Bearers Radio Bearers

ROHC ROHC ROHC ROHC ROHC ROHC

PDCP PDCP
Security Security Security Security Security Security

Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm. Segm.

RLC ... ... RLC ...
ARQ etc ARQ etc ARQ etc ARQ etc BCCH PCCH ARQ etc ARQ etc

Logical Channels Logical Channels

Scheduling / Priority Handling Scheduling / Priority Handling

MAC Multiplexing UE1 Multiplexing UEn MAC Multiplexing

HARQ HARQ HARQ

Transport Channels Transport Channels

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Introduction of MAC Layer
Main functions of MAC Layer: Logical Channels of MAC Layer:
 Mapping between logical channels and transport  Control Channel: For the transfer of control
channels plane information
 Multiplexing/demultiplexing of RLC PDUs (Protocol
 Traffic Channel: for the transfer of user plane
Data Unit) belonging to one or different radio bearers
into/from TB (transport blocks ) delivered to/from the information
physical layer on transport channels
CCCH DCCH DTCH
Uplink
 Traffic volume measurement reporting Logical channels
Radio Bearers
 Error correction through HARQ UL Channel
Control Channel
ROHC ROHC
 PDCPPriority handling between logical channels of one UE Mapping of
Security Security Traffic Channel MAC Layer
 Priority handling between UEs (dynamic scheduling)
Uplink
 Transport format selection Transport channels
RACH UL-SCH
Segm. Segm.
RLC ...
ARQ etc ARQ etc
 Padding
Logical Channels PCCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH MCCH MTCH
Downlink
Logical channels
Scheduling / Priority Handling

DL Channel
MAC Multiplexing
Mapping of
MAC Layer
MAC Layer
Structure
HARQ Downlink
Transport channels
PCH BCH DL-SCH MCH
Transport Channels

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Introduction of RLC Layer
Main functions of RLC Layer: RLC PDU Structure:
 Transfer of upper layer PDUs supports AM, UM or  The PDU sequence number carried by the RLC
TM data transfer header is independent of the SDU sequence number
 Error Correction through ARQ (no need RLC CRC  The size of RLC PDU is variable according to the
check, CRC provided by the physical) scheduling scheme. SDUs are segmented
 Segmentation according to the size of the TB: /concatenated based on PDU size. The data of one
only if an RLC SDU does not fit entirely into the PDU may source from multi SDUs
TB then the RLC SDU is segmented into variable
Segmentation Concatenation
sized RLC PDUs, no need padding
 Re-segmentation of PDUs that need to be RLC SDU n n+1 n+2 n+3

retransmitted: if a retransmitted PDU does not fit ... ...

entirely into the new TB used for retransmission
Radio Bearers
then the RLC PDU is re-segmented
 Concatenation of SDUs for the same radio bearer
ROHC ROHC
 In-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs except RLC header RLC header
at HO PDCP

Security
Protocol error detection and recovery Security RLC PDU

RLC PDU Structure

 Duplicate Detection
 SDU discard AM: Acknowledge Mode
UM: Un-acknowledge Mode
 Reset TM: Transparent Mode
TB: Transport Block
Segm. Segm. RLC Layer SDU: Service Data Unit
RLC ... Structure PDU: Protocol Data Unit
ARQ etc ARQ etc

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Logical Channels
Introduction of PDCP Layer

Main functions of PDCP Layer: PDCP PDU Structure:

 Functions for User Plane:  PDCP PDU and PDCP header are octet-aligned
 Header compression and decompression: ROHC
 PDCP header can be either 1 or 2 bytes long
 Transfer of user data: PDCP receives PDCP SDU
from the NAS and forwards it to the RLC layer and
vice versa
 In-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs at
handover for RLC AM PDCP header PDCP SDU

 Duplicate detection of lower layer SDUs at

PDCP PDU
handover for RLC AM
 Retransmission of PDCP SDUs at handover for
PDCP PDU Structure
RLC AM
 Ciphering
Radio Bearers
 Timer-based SDU discard in uplink
ROHC ROHC
 Functions for Control Plane: PDCP
PDCP Layer
 Ciphering and Integrity Protection Security Security
Structure
 Transfer of control plane data: PDCP receives
PDCP SDUs from RRC and forwards it to the RLC Segm. Segm.
RLC ...
layer and vice versa ARQ etc ARQ etc
ROHC: Robust Header Compression
Logical Channels

Scheduling / Priority Handling

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Summary of Data Flow in Layer 1 & 2

Data Transfer in Layer 1 and Layer 2

 Data from the upper layer are headed and packaged, sent to the lower layer, vice versa.
 Scheduler effect in the RLC, MAC and Physical Layers. User data packages are multiplexed
in the MAC Layer.
 CRC in Physical Layer.

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LTE Power Calculation Tool

40W, 20Mhz, 4T4R

Symbol Power Symbol Symbol Power Symbol Type
PA PB RS (dBm)
(%) Power (dBm) (mW) Example
-6 3 21.2 12.6 2.7 1.8 Type A
-6 3 21.2
24 25.1
Huawei 5.3
Proprietary - Restricted 3.4
Distribution Type B
-3 1 18.2 50.1 9.1 8.2 Type A,B
0 1 15.2 100.0 15.2 33.1 Type A,B
PA for even power distribution
MO CellDlpcPdschPa
Parameter ID PaPcOff
Parameter Name PA for even power distribution
NE BTS3900, BTS3900 LTE, BTS5900, BTS5900 LTE
MML Command MOD CELLDLPCPDSCHPA
LST CELLDLPCPDSCHPA

Meaning Indicates the PA to be used when PA adjustment for PDSCH power control is disabled, DL ICIC is disabled, and the even power distribution is used for the
PDSCH. This parameter applies only to LTE FDD and LTE TDD.

Feature ID/Feature Name LBFD-002016/TDLBFD-002016 Dynamic Downlink Power Allocation

LOFD-070208 Coordinated Scheduling based Power Control

Value Type Enumeration Type

GUI Value Range DB_6_P_A(-6 dB), DB_4DOT77_P_A(-4.77 dB), DB_3_P_A(-3 dB), DB_1DOT77_P_A(-1.77 dB), DB0_P_A(0 dB), DB1_P_A(1 dB), DB2_P_A(2 dB), DB3_P_A(3
dB)

Default Value DB_3_P_A(-3 dB)

Recommended Value Dual-antenna or four-antenna: DB_3_P_A(-3 dB)
Single-antenna: DB0_P_A(0 dB)

Impact on Radio Network Performance If the RS power is fixed, setting this parameter to a large value increases the transmit power and MCS for all UEs in the cell, which results in power limitation and
affects throughput. Setting this parameter to a small value decreases the transmit power and MCS for all UEs in the cell but reduces cell throughput. When you
modify the PaPcOff parameter, modify the following parameters accordingly: Pb, PcfichPwr, PbchPwr, SchPwr, DbchPwr, PchPwr, RaRspPwr, PrsPwr,
DediDciPwrOffset, PwrOffset, CcuPa, and CeuPa.

25 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

PCFICH power
MO CellChPwrCfg
Parameter ID PcfichPwr
Parameter Name PCFICH power
NE BTS3900, BTS3900 LTE, BTS5900, BTS5900 LTE
MML Command MOD CELLCHPWRCFG
LST CELLCHPWRCFG
Meaning Indicates the offset of the PCFICH transmit power relative to the reference signal power. This parameter applies only to LTE FDD and LTE TDD.
Default Value -600
Recommended Value In LTE FDD, you are advised to set this parameter to the value of PaPcOff.
Superior Uplink Coverage
When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to -1200.
Setting the PCFICH power to a value
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to -954.
3 dB higher than the PDCCH base
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to -600.
power, which is dependent on the
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to -354.
PaPcOff parameter. For example, if
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to 0.
PaPcOff is set to -3 dB, PcfichPwr is
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to 200.
set to 0
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to 400.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to 600.
In LTE TDD, if the cell bandwidth is 10, 15, or 20 MHz, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to the value of PaPcOff plus 3 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to -600.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to -354.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to 0.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to 246.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to 600.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to 800.
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to 1000.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to 1200.
If the call bandwidth is 1.4, 3, or 5 MHz, you are advised to set PcfichPwr to the value of PaPcOff, which is same as that in LTE FDD.
Impact on Radio You are advised to set the parameter to a value that does not deviate from the value of the PA for even power distribution parameter by more than 3
Network Performance dB. A larger value leads to a larger coverage of the PCFICH but less available power for the PDCCH and PHICH. A smaller value leads to opposite
effects.

26 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Other configuration (1)
Parameter ID PbchPwr
Parameter Name PBCH power
Recommended Value The setting of this parameter is recommended to be the same as the setting of PaPcOff. PbchPwr can be set as follows:
When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set PbchPwr to -1200.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set PbchPwr to -954.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set PbchPwr to -600.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set PbchPwr to -354.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set PbchPwr to 0.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set PbchPwr to 200.
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set PbchPwr to 400.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set PbchPwr to 600.

Parameter ID SchPwr
Parameter Name SCH power
Recommended Value If the cell bandwidth is 10, 15, or 20 MHz, you are advised to set this parameter to the value of PaPcOff plus 3 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set SchPwr to -600.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set SchPwr to -354.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set SchPwr to 0.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set SchPwr to 246.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set SchPwr to 600.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set SchPwr to 800.
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set SchPwr to 1000.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set SchPwr to 1200.
In peak rate tests under all cell bandwidths, you are advised to set this parameter to the value of PaPcOff.
When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set SchPwr to -1200.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set SchPwr to -954.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set SchPwr to -600.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set SchPwr to -354.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set SchPwr to 0.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set SchPwr to 200.
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set SchPwr to 400.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set SchPwr to 600.
MO CellChPwrCfg
Parameter ID DbchPwr
Parameter Name DBCH power
Recommended Value The setting of this parameter is recommended to be the same as the setting of PaPcOff. DbchPwr can be set as follows:
When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set DbchPwr to -1200.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set DbchPwr to -954.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set DbchPwr to -600.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set DbchPwr to -354.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set DbchPwr to 0.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set DbchPwr to 200.
27 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set DbchPwr to 400.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set DbchPwr to 600.
Other configuration (2)
Parameter ID PchPwr
Parameter Name PCH power
Recommended Value If the cell bandwidth is 10, 15, or 20 MHz, you are advised to set this parameter to the value of PaPcOff plus 3 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set PchPwr to -600.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set PchPwr to -354.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set PchPwr to 0.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set PchPwr to 246.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set PchPwr to 600.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set PchPwr to 800.
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set PchPwr to 1000.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set PchPwr to 1200.
In peak rate tests under all cell bandwidths, you are advised to set this parameter to the value of PaPcOff.
When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set PchPwr to -1200.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set PchPwr to -954.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set PchPwr to -600.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set PchPwr to -354.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set PchPwr to 0.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set PchPwr to 200.
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set PchPwr to 400.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set PchPwr to 600.
Parameter ID RaRspPwr
Parameter Name Rach response power
Recommended Value If the cell bandwidth is 10, 15, or 20 MHz, you are advised to set this parameter to the value of PaPcOff plus 3 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to -600.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to -354.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to 0.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to 246.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to 600.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to 800.
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to 1000.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to 1200.
In peak rate tests under all cell bandwidths, you are advised to set this parameter to the value of PaPcOff.
When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to -1200.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to -954.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to -600.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to -354.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to 0.
28 When
Huawei Proprietary PaPcOff is
- Restricted set to 1, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to 200.
Distribution
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to 400.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set RaRspPwr to 600.
Other configuration (3)
DediDciPwrOffset DCI power offset for Recommended Value: The setting of this parameter is recommended to be the same as the setting of PaPcOff.
dedicated control When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set DediDciPwrOffset to -60.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set DediDciPwrOffset to -48.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set DediDciPwrOffset to -30.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set DediDciPwrOffset to -18.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set DediDciPwrOffset to 0.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set DediDciPwrOffset to 10.
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set DediDciPwrOffset to 20.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set DediDciPwrOffset to 30.
PwrOffset Phich Pc Off Power Recommended Value: The setting of this parameter is recommended to be the same as the setting of PaPcOff plus 3 dB.
Offset When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are advised to set PwrOffset to -30.
When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set PwrOffset to -18.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set PwrOffset to 0.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set PwrOffset to 12.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set PwrOffset to 30.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set PwrOffset to 40.
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set PwrOffset to 50.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are advised to set PwrOffset to 60.

Center UE PA When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are not advised to enable the ICIC function.
CcuPa When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set CcuPa to -6 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set CcuPa to -6 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set CcuPa to -4.77 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set CcuPa to -3 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set CcuPa to -1.77 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set CcuPa to 0 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are not advised to enable the ICIC function.

CeuPa Edge UE PA When PaPcOff is set to -6, you are not advised to enable the ICIC function.
CeuPa When PaPcOff is set to -4.77, you are advised to set CeuPa to -3 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to -3, you are advised to set CeuPa to -1.77 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to -1.77, you are advised to set CeuPa to 0 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to 0, you are advised to set CeuPa to 1 dB.
When PaPcOff is set to 1, you are advised to set CeuPa to 2 dB.
29 When PaPcOff is set to 2, you are advised to set CeuPa to 3 dB.
Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution
When PaPcOff is set to 3, you are not advised to enable the ICIC function.
 Power Control Feature Parameter
Description
Summary related to Reference signal Power
Configurations

30 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

30
PHICH Power Allocation
Principles The PHICH carries the acknowledgment/negative acknowledgment (ACK/NACK) to uplink hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) transmission.
The power control policy for the PHICH is determined by the PhichInnerLoopPcSwitch option of the CellAlgoSwitch.DlPcAlgoSwitch parameter.
•When the PhichInnerLoopPcSwitch option is selected, the eNodeB estimates SINRRS based on channel quality indicators (CQIs), calculates the difference between the
estimated SINRRS and SINRTarget, and periodically adjusts the PHICH transmit power based on the difference to adapt to changes in path loss and shadow fading. SINR stands
for signal to interference plus noise ratio. To minimize the impact of SINRTarget on cell radius, power efficiency, and cell capacity, SINRTarget permanently takes the value of 0 for
the PHICH. The adjustment works as follows:
• If SINRRS is less than SINRTarget, the eNodeB increases the PHICH transmit power.
• If SINRRS is greater than SINRTarget, the eNodeB decreases the PHICH transmit power.
• If SINRRS is equal to SINRTarget, the eNodeB retains the PHICH transmit power.

•When the PhichInnerLoopPcSwitch option is deselected, the offset of the PHICH power relative to the CRS power is specified by the CellDlpcPhich.PwrOffset parameter.

The PHICH occupies so few resources that decreasing its transmit power cannot significantly reduce power consumption. In addition, the PHICH carries ACKs/NACKs to uplink
data and requires high accuracy. DECREASING THE PHICH TRANSMIT POWER MAY REDUCE THE ACCURACY AND DECREASE THE UPLINK DATA TRANSMISSION
RATE. Therefore, the PhichInnerLoopPcSwitch option is deselected by default on commercial networks.
An eNodeB calculates the PHICH transmit power using the following formula:

PowerPHICH = PDSCHCfg.ReferenceSignalPwr + CellDlpcPhich.PwrOffset

Network Analysis
Benefits This function adjusts power allocation for the PHICH.
Impacts Power control for the PHICH has an impact on uplink ACK/NACK demodulation and uplink HARQ and therefore affects indicators such as uplink throughput and
latency.
Activation Parameter Name Activation Parameter ID Setting Notes
Phich Pc Off Power Offset CellDlpcPhich.PwrOffset You are advised to set this parameter to a value that is 3 dB higher than the value of the CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff parameter.
For TDD, this parameter must be set to its recommended value, otherwise the power may exceed the upper limit.

Op Parameter Name OPT Parameter ID Setting Notes

Downlink power control CellAlgoSwitch.DlPcAlgoSwitch The default PHICH power offset meets PHICH demodulation requirements. Dynamic power adjustment for the PHICH does not
algorithm switch produce significant gains. Therefore, it is recommended that the PhichInnerLoopPcSwitch option of this parameter be deselected so
that fixed power allocation for the PHICH takes effect.

31 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Power Allocation for PDSCH Carrying Common Information
Principles: PDSCH power control ensures coverage when the PDSCH carries RACH responses, paging
messages, and SIBs on the D-BCH.
Parameters CellChPwrCfg.RaRspPwr, CellChPwrCfg.PchPwr, and CellChPwrCfg.DbchPwr specify the offsets
of the transmit power for RACH responses, paging messages, and SIBs relative to the CRS power, respectively.
Benefits: This function adjusts power allocation for the PDSCH carrying common information.

Parameter Parameter ID Setting Notes

Name
Local cell ID CellChPwrCfg.LocalCellId Ensure that this parameter has been set in a Cell MO.
DBCH power CellChPwrCfg.DbchPwr You are advised to set this parameter to a value that indicates the same value in dB as
the CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff parameter.
For TDD, this parameter must be set to its recommended value, otherwise the power may exceed the upper limit.
PCH power CellChPwrCfg.PchPwr For a cell with a 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, or 5 MHz bandwidth, you are advised to set this parameter to a value that indicates the
same value in dB as the CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff parameter. For a cell with a 10 MHz, 15 MHz, or 20 MHz bandwidth, you
are advised to set this parameter to a value that is 3 dB higher than the value of the CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff parameter.
For TDD, this parameter must be set to its recommended value, otherwise the power may exceed the upper limit.

Rach response CellChPwrCfg.RaRspPwr For a cell with a 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, or 5 MHz bandwidth, you are advised to set this parameter to a value that indicates the
power same value in dB as the CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff parameter. For a cell with a 10 MHz, 15 MHz, or 20 MHz bandwidth, you
are advised to set this parameter to a value that is 3 dB higher than the value of the CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff parameter.
For TDD, this parameter must be set to its recommended value, otherwise the power may exceed the upper limit.

32 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Power Allocation for PDSCH Carrying UE-Specific Information
Principles: PDSCH power control effectively increases network throughput and spectral efficiency.

Note: Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) and HARQ also increase network throughput and spectral efficiency. You can use
them together with power control.

Power Calculation:
In PDSCH power control, OFDM symbols in one timeslot can be classified into type A symbols and type B symbols:
Type A symbols are the symbols during a symbol period in which there are no RSs.
Type B symbols are the symbols during a symbol period in which there are RSs.
The ratio of the PDSCH EPRE to the CRS EPRE for type A symbols (or type B symbols) is denoted by ρA (or ρB).

Power Control Policy

For FDD, the eNodeB takes a fixed value for the PDSCH transmit power. PA is specified by
the CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff parameter.

ICIC Switch Setting PDSCH Power Control Policy

The ENodeBAlgoSwitch.DlIcicSwitch parameter is set The eNodeB calculates the PDSCH transmit power based on PA specified by
to DlIcicDynamicSwitch_ON_ENUM or DlIcicStaticSwitch_ON_ENUM, indicating the CellDlpcPdsch.CcuPa and CellDlpcPdsch.CeuPa parameters for cell center UEs
that downlink ICIC is enabled. and cell edge UEs, respectively.

The ENodeBAlgoSwitch.DlIcicSwitch parameter is set to DlIcicSwitch_OFF_ENUM, The eNodeB takes a fixed value for the PDSCH transmit power. PA is specified by
indicating that downlink ICIC is disabled. the CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff parameter.

33 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

PDSCH Power Boosting (FDD)
Principles To ensure the best possible hardware reliability and service performance, the configured cell power cannot exceed the rated power of the RF module. However, services on the live network are
changing instantaneously, so the RF module is unlikely to be continuously transmitting at maximum power for a long period of time. To increase available PDSCH power, the configured cell power can be
appropriately boosted using certain protection schemes. This enables the RF module to transmit using more power than it is rated for in a given instant.
This function is controlled by the PDSCHCfg.PdschPowerBoostingSwitch parameter. It is recommended that this parameter be set to ON if the RF module supports this function.

Benefits
If an RF module is statically configured to work at its rated power, enabling this function can increase the PDSCH power and user-perceived rates for TM9 UEs.

Impacts
Enabling this function will boost the transmit power of an RF module to a certain amount beyond what it is rated for in a given instant. This may have the following impacts:
•The power consumption of the base station increases.
•Since the RF module cannot support the peak throughput provided by 256QAM, peak throughput tests are not recommended in the cells with this function enabled.
•When both PDSCH power boosting and on-demand TX power allocation under EME are enabled, the transmit power of an RF module may exceed its maximum transmit power (by a maximum of 0.4 dB).

•Function Impacts
Function Name Function Switch Reference Description
DL 256QAM Dl256QamSwitch option of Modulation Schemes To avoid affecting the error vector magnitude (EVM), the PA value will be
the CellAlgoSwitch.Dl256QamAlgoSwitch para decreased and the PDSCH power cannot be increased for 256QAM UEs.
meter
Virtual 4T4R Virtual4T4RSwitch option of Virtual 4T4R (FDD) Virtual 4T4R does not support TM9.
the CellAlgoSwitch.EmimoSwitch parameter
Adaptive power consumption CellAlgoSwitch.DynAdjVoltSwitch Energy Conservation and Emission The PDSCH power boosting function may increase the power consumption
Reduction of base stations, reducing energy efficiency.
RF channel intelligent shutdown CellRfShutdown.RfShutdownSwitch Energy Conservation and Emission The PDSCH power boosting function may increase the power consumption
Reduction of base stations, reducing energy efficiency.
RF channel dynamic muting RF_CHN_DYN_MUTING_SW option of Energy Conservation and Emission When RF channel dynamic muting takes effect in a 2T2P cell, the PDSCH
the CellRfChnDynMuting.RfChnDynMutingAlgo Reduction power for TM9 UEs does not increase.
Switch parameter
Low power consumption mode CellLowPower.LowPwrSwitch Energy Conservation and Emission The PDSCH power boosting function may increase the power consumption
Reduction of base stations, reducing energy efficiency.

Parameter Name Parameter ID Setting Notes

PDSCH Power Boosting Switch PDSCHCfg.PdschPowerBoostingSwitch Set this parameter to ON.

34 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Unbalanced Transmit Power Configurations Between Channels (FDD)
Principles
Unbalanced transmit power configurations between channels can be used to increase the overall downlink transmit power and improve downlink performance. This function can be enabled if unbalanced
transmit power can be used by physical channels available for LTE within a multimode RF module serving 2T or 4T cells (with the Cell.TxRxMode parameter set to 2T2R, 2T4R, or 4T4R).
•The offsets of physical channel transmit power relative to the baseline transmit power can be set using the following parameters:
•PDSCHCfg.TxPowerOffsetAnt0 PDSCHCfg.TxPowerOffsetAnt1 PDSCHCfg.TxPowerOffsetAnt2 PDSCHCfg.TxPowerOffsetAnt3
The transmit power for individual physical channels can be calculated by the following formulas:
Pmax_Ant0 = Pmax_out + PDSCHCfg.TxPowerOffsetAnt0 Pmax_Ant1 = Pmax_out + PDSCHCfg.TxPowerOffsetAnt1
Pmax_Ant2 = Pmax_out + PDSCHCfg.TxPowerOffsetAnt2 Pmax_Ant3 = Pmax_out + PDSCHCfg.TxPowerOffsetAnt3
where:Pmax_Ant0 indicates the maximum transmit power for physical channel 0. Pmax_Ant1 indicates the maximum transmit power for physical channel 1.
•Pmax_Ant2 indicates the maximum transmit power for physical channel 2. Pmax_Ant3 indicates the maximum transmit power for physical channel 3.
•Pmax_out indicates the maximum PDSCH transmit power.

Note: The baseline transmit power is determined by the system bandwidth, CRS power, PA, and PB. Unbalanced transmit power configurations between channels do not apply to SFN cells currently.
AAUs do not support unbalanced transmit power configurations between channels.

Benefits This function can configure the transmit power of each physical channel by setting the offsets of physical channel transmit power relative to the baseline transmit power.
Impacts Network Impacts None Function Impacts None

Meaning Indicates the offset of the TX power of physical channel 0 relative to the baseline TX power. The baseline TX power is determined by the system bandwidth, cell reference signal
power, Pa, and Pb. If the TX power configurations should be the same between physical channels, set this parameter to 255. If the TX power configurations should be different
between physical channels, set this parameter to a proper value based on the actual situation. This parameter applies only to FDD.
Impact on Radio When this parameter is set to 255, different TX power configurations between channels do not take effect. When this parameter is set to 0, the coverage area is not affected. When
Network this parameter
35 Huawei Proprietary -is set to aDistribution
Restricted value greater than 0, the coverage area increases. When this parameter is set to a value less than 0, the coverage area shrinks.
Performance
CRS Boosting (FDD)
Principles
To ensure the best possible hardware reliability and service performance, the configured cell power cannot exceed the rated power of the RF module. However, services
on the live network are changing instantaneously, so the RF module is unlikely to be continuously transmitting at maximum power for a long period of time. To improve the
coverage by using the existing RF modules, the configured cell power can be appropriately boosted using certain protection schemes. This enables the RF module to
transmit using more power than it is rated for in a given instant.
CRSs are critical for determining LTE cell coverage and for key procedures such as UE access and handover. With CRS Boosting enabled, CRSs can be preferentially
allocated extra power. The following Figure shows how CRS Boosting works.
CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff Parameter Whether CRS Boosting Takes Effect
Value
DB_6_P_A(-6dB) No
DB_4DOT77_P_A(-4.77 dB) No
DB_3_P_A(-3 dB) Yes. The CRS power can be increased by 1.77 dB or 3 dB.
DB_1DOT77_P_A(-1.77 dB) Yes. The CRS power can be increased by 3 dB.
DB0_P_A(0 dB) Yes. The CRS power can be increased by 1.77 dB or 3 dB.
DB1_P_A(1 dB) No
DB2_P_A(2 dB) No
DB3_P_A(3 dB) No

This function is controlled by the PDSCHCfg.CrsPowerBoostingAmplitude parameter. Benefits Enabling CRS Boosting will increase the CRS power by 1.77 dB or 3 dB as long as this function is
When the CRS Boosting function increases the CRS power, the PDSCH power must remain supported by the RF module and the PDSCH power remains unchanged.
unchanged. Therefore, this function only takes effect if
the CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff parameter is set to a specific value. When CRS Boosting is disabled, the maximum transmit power of a cell is determined by the cell bandwidth
CRS Boosting is not supported when the CellUSParaCfg.UsPaPcOff parameter value is and the PDSCHCfg.ReferenceSignalPwr, CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff, and PDSCHCfg.Pb parameter
greater than the CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff parameter value. settings. When CRS Boosting is enabled, the maximum transmit power of the cell is also determined by the
amount of increase in CRS power.

Impacts If an RF module is statically configured to work at its rated power, enabling this function will boost the transmit power of the RF module to a certain amount beyond what it is rated for in a given instant.
This may have the following impacts: The power consumption of the base station increases.
•Since the RF module cannot support the peak throughput provided by 256QAM, peak throughput tests are not recommended in the cells with this function enabled.
When CRS Boosting is enabled, CRS power increases, expanding the cell coverage and enabling more cell edge UEs to access the cell. This may:
•Increase the cell traffic volume and decrease the average downlink user-perceived throughput.
•Cause slight fluctuations in the RRC connection setup success rate, RRC connection reestablishment success rate, E-RAB setup success rate, RB usage, and service drop rate. The fluctuations depend on
specific services and the increased number of UEs.
It is recommended
36 that this
Huawei function
Proprietary be used when
- Restricted the RF module's rated power cannot meet the cell coverage requirements or a larger coverage area is required. Otherwise, CRS power increase may create
Distribution
interference in neighboring cells and decrease their throughput.
PRACH Power Control
Principles PRACH power control allows UEs to use the minimum transmit power to send random access preambles while ensuring the random access success rate. In this way, interference to neighboring
cells reduces and power consumption of UEs decreases.
Power Calculation
The PRACH transmit power is calculated using the following formula:

PCMAX is the UE power capability.

Po_pre is the target PRACH transmit power expected by the eNodeB when the requirements for the preamble detection performance are met and the PRACH preamble format is 0. The initial value of
Po_pre is specified by the RACHCfg.PreambInitRcvTargetPwr parameter. If this parameter is set to a smaller value, the probability of correct preamble demodulation decreases. If this parameter is set to a
larger value, interference to neighboring cells increases.
PL is the downlink path loss estimated by the UE. This value is obtained based on the RSRP measurement value and the CRS power.
Parameters PDSCHCfg.ReferenceSignalPwr and CellUlpcDedic.FilterRsrp specify the CRS power and the alpha filtering coefficient used for RSRP measurement value filtering. The UE acquires the two
parameter settings from SIB2.
∆ preamble is the offset of the power for the current preamble format relative to the power for preamble format 0.
N pre is the number of times the UE sends the preamble. This value cannot exceed the maximum allowed number of preamble transmissions.
∆ step is the preamble power ramping step. This variable is specified by the RACHCfg.PwrRampingStep parameter.
The eNodeB sends P o_pre and ∆ step to a UE by broadcasting SIB2, and the UE calculates the transmit power for the random access preamble based on P o_pre , ∆ step , PL and the recorded N pre

PuschAlgoSwitch

37 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

eMIMO Remaining Power Utilization
Cell-specific reference signals (CRSs) are staggered in the time and frequency domains of different
antenna ports. When the Cell.CrsPortNum parameter is set to CRS_PORT_4, CRSs are not
transmitted in some type B symbol periods and therefore the power in these periods is not fully
utilized, as shown in Figure 9-1.
To fully utilize the remaining power, the remaining power utilization function is introduced. This function is
controlled by the CellDlpcPdsch.RemainingPwrUseStrategy parameter.
If this parameter is set to PORT_PWR_BALANCING and the Cell.CrsPortNum parameter is set
to CRS_PORT_4, power balancing is performed among the antenna ports of the cell.
If this parameter is set to OFF, the remaining power utilization function does not take effect.
After the remaining power utilization function is enabled, manually setting
the PDSCHCfg.ReferenceSignalPwr, CellDlpcPdschPa.PaPcOff, or PDSCHCfg.Pb parameter can
further improve coverage or PDSCH power by utilizing the remaining power.

In scenario 1 (with increased PDSCH power), the maximum transmit power of the cell remains unchanged
and the power of PDSCH type B symbols increases by 25%. When the downlink PRB usage of the cell is
high (for example, higher than 20%), the User Downlink Average Throughput increases by 0% to 4%.
When the downlink PRB usage of the cell is low, the User Downlink Average Throughput does not
decrease.
In scenario 2 (with increased CRS power), the maximum transmit power of the cell remains
unchanged and the downlink coverage improves by 3 dB.

38 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Superior Uplink Coverage
Principles The Superior Uplink Coverage feature uses methods such as channel estimation enhancement, transmission time interval (TTI) bundling for data services, intelligent retransmission for data
services in TTI bundling mode, concentric circle type of scheduling, and intra-base-station UL CoMP coverage enhancement to improve coverage. This feature is controlled by
the CellAlgoExtSwitch.UlCoverageEnhancementSw parameter. Some subordinate functions of this feature are controlled by options of the CellEnhCoverage.EnhChCoverageSw parameter.

Benefits
Suburban Area
•An area meeting the following conditions is determined as a suburban area:The inter-base-station distance is longer than 4 km.
•The average uplink PRB usage is less than 20%, and the average level of uplink interference during busy hours (measured by the L.UL.Interference.Avg counter) is less than –118 dBm.
In a suburban area, uplink coverage gains can be obtained in a single-user drive test of uplink FTP services.
Urban Area
An area can be determined as an urban area if the inter-base-station distance is small (the recommended distance is less than or equal to 1 km).
•In urban areas, the uplink user-perceived rate increases for UEs whose path loss falls into one of the ranges indicated by PL11, PL12, PL13, and PL14 when the following conditions are met:The percentage of
UEs whose path loss is greater than or equal to 138 dB exceeds 10%. Percentage of UEs whose path loss is greater than or equal to 138 dB = (L.Traffic.User.PL11 + L.Traffic.User.PL12 +
... L.Traffic.User.PL14)/(L.Traffic.User.PL0 +L.Traffic.User.PL1 +... L.Traffic.User.PL14) x 100%
•The average uplink PRB usage is less than 20%, and the average level of uplink interference during busy hours (measured by the L.UL.Interference.Avg counter) is less than –110 dBm.

Some Impacts
In suburban areas: After this feature is enabled, more UEs at the cell edge can access the cell due to geographical coverage expansion. As a result, the number of online UEs in the cell increases, the uplink cell
traffic increases, and the average values of KPIs (including access-related, handover-related, and service-drop-related KPIs) in the cell deteriorate. The specific KPIs include the E-RAB setup success rate, RRC
connection setup success rate, uplink IBLER, and average uplink and downlink user-perceived rates.
Due to the increase in the number of UEs at the cell edge:
Signaling plane: The number of DRB UEs decreases, the number of signaling messages over the Uu interface increases, and the amount of resources used by SRBs also increases.
Data plane: The average MCS index for uplink scheduling increases, and the IBLER, PDCP packet loss rate, and number of data transmission UEs may increase.
Voice services: If there is only one eNodeB, voice service UEs at the very cell edge cannot access the network before the feature is enabled, but can access the network after this feature is enabled. As a result,
the packet loss rates of QCI 1/5 services may increase in the cell.

In urban areas:After this feature is enabled, the uplink user-perceived rate increases for UEs whose path loss falls into one of the ranges indicated by PL11, PL12, PL13, and PL14.
The values of certain counters may change after functions such as TTI bundling for data services take effect for UEs at the cell edge:
Signaling plane: The number of intra-cell handovers increases because TTI bundling takes effect by means of intra-cell handovers.
Data plane: The average MCS index for uplink scheduling and the IBLER increase.

39 Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

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