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Lecture 16

Receiver clock errors are caused by the offset between the receiver clock time and GPS time. This creates inaccuracies measured in milliseconds. Errors can be reduced by differencing between satellites or treating the clock bias as an unknown parameter. Cycle slips occur when there is a discontinuity in tracking the satellite signal, resulting in a different ambiguity value. Cycle slips can be detected and repaired through linear combinations or modeling the data with polynomials for each satellite. Precise clocks use rubidium or cesium for higher accuracy GPS work.

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31 views

Lecture 16

Receiver clock errors are caused by the offset between the receiver clock time and GPS time. This creates inaccuracies measured in milliseconds. Errors can be reduced by differencing between satellites or treating the clock bias as an unknown parameter. Cycle slips occur when there is a discontinuity in tracking the satellite signal, resulting in a different ambiguity value. Cycle slips can be detected and repaired through linear combinations or modeling the data with polynomials for each satellite. Precise clocks use rubidium or cesium for higher accuracy GPS work.

Uploaded by

Ridham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture-5

4.7 Receiver clock dependent source of errors

 Receiver clock bias

Receiver clock error is termed as receiver clock time offset on the basis of GPS time and synchronization
of it with geodetic receiver provides accuracy at milliseconds. This error depends on receiver hardware
via unknown parameter or eliminating by differencing from one receiver to two satellites.

 GPS receivers having quartz crystal oscillator capability in which receiver clock error is
generated by the offset between receiver clock time and GPS Time. It enables all satellite receiver
ranges i.e. pseudo ranges instantly. Pseudo range navigation estimation procedure should used for
the solution of this problem. Receiver clock contains Quartz crystals are of following
characteristics:
o Low power requirement
o Longer life span
o Comparatively lower stability of 1 part in 108 to maximum of 1 part in 1010 causing large
ranging errors.
o Susceptible to temperature changes, shock, and vibration.
 Errors can be removed by taking difference between satellites or by treating it as unknown
parameters in estimation process.
 Receivers may also be designed to except precise rubidium or cesium for very precise work.
 Treatment of clock bias can be done by applying broadcast message correction, applying either
a differencing mode elimination or estimate it along a fourth parameter along which site of
coordinates.

 Cycle slip

 As long as the tracking is maintained, the integer part of measured phase would remain
unchanged; this unknown integer number of cycles is termed initial carrier phase ambiguity or
ambiguity.
 Cycle slip correction is made possible because of elimination of the clock biases on the period of
differencing between-receiver and/or between-satellite. Cycle slips are usually detected and
repaired in a data preprocessing steps:-
o Determination of the total number exactly of carrier cycles slipped at epoch.
o Linear combination helps in fixing of cycle slip at double difference level.
o Cycle slip detection proves easy than its correction, especially when the slip is large.

 Properties of ambiguity

 An integer number of multiple of carrier wavelength.


 Both L1 and L2 phase observation are different.
 Each receiver-satellite pair having ambiguity different.
 Constant for a receiver-satellite pair for all epochs of continuous tracking.

If the ambiguity is resolved at once, the ambiguous may be transformed into unambiguous i.e. pseudo
range measurement.
There may be discontinuity in observing the number of cycles when satellite signal is obstructed and
cannot be tracked which results in different values of ambiguity and it is known as cycle-slip.
Component which helps in generating Cycle slips

 Satellite oscillator malfunction.


 Observation dependent
o Obstruction of satellite signal.
o Signal noise due to multipath and bad ionosphere condition.
o Low satellite signal causing low signal strength.
 Receiver dependent
o Weak signal caused by signal interference.
o Failure in receiver software.
o Caused by signal processing.
o Antenna inclination in kinematic applications.

 Cycle Slips Corrections

The carrier phase based measurements, which are affected by cycle slips, are carried out only after
repairing the cycle slips. The strategies followed for this purpose is as follows:
 Use between receiver-satellite triple difference observable.
 Holding station position fixed in an adjustment procedure and editing the data manually through
inspection.
 Modeling of data with piecewise continuous polynomial for each satellite.

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