NATIONAL COMPANY LAW APPELLATE TRIBUNAL,

PRINCIPAL BENCH, NEW DELHI

Company Appeal (AT) (Insolvency) No. 1489 of 2023

& I.A. No. 5342 of 2023

[Arising out of Order dated 18.08.2023 passed by the Adjudicating Authority

(National Company Law Tribunal), Mumbai Bench-I in IA No. 2828 of 2021 in
CP (IB) No. 4360/MB/C-I/2018]

In the matter of:

Vishram Narayan Panchpor ....Appellant

(Resolution Professional of Blue Frog Media Private
Limited)
Vs.
Committee of Creditors …Respondents
(Blue Frog Media Pvt. Ltd.) & Anr.

For Appellant: Mr. Anuj Tiwari, Mr. Aditya Shukla and Mr. Rahul
Kumar, Advocates.
For Respondents: Mr. Kunal Godhwani, Advocate

JUDGMENT
(11 January, 2024)
th

Ashok Bhushan, J.

This Appeal has been filed challenging the order dated 18.08.2023

passed by the Adjudicating Authority (National Company Law Tribunal)

Mumbai Bench-I in IA No.2828 of 2021. The Adjudicating Authority by the

impugned order has rejected IA No. 2828 of 2021 which was filed by the

Resolution Professional for approval of the Resolution Plan submitted by Mr.

Mahesh Mathai- Successful Resolution Applicant on the ground that Mr.

Mahesh Mathai- Successful Resolution Applicant is not eligible to submit a

Resolution Plan under Section 29 A of the Code.

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2. Brief facts of the case necessary to be noticed for deciding this Appeal

are:-

2.1. Corporate Debtor- ‘M/s. Blue Frog Media Private Limited’ through its

Managing Director filed an Application under Section 10 of the Code which

was admitted on 19.05.2021 by the Adjudicating Authority. Form G was

published in response to which Resolution Plan was submitted by Mr. Mahesh

Mathai, Ex-Director of the Corporate Debtor. Committee of Creditors (CoC) on

08.11.2021 by 91.86% vote share has approved the Resolution Plan

submitted by the Respondent No.2- Successful Resolution Applicant. On

13.11.2021, Appellant filed an application IA No. 2828 of 2021 under Section

30(6) of the Code seeking approval of the Resolution Plan. The Adjudicating

Authority heard the matter and reserved it for orders on 07.06.2023. On

21.07.2023, the Adjudicating Authority sought certain clarifications and

Additional Affidavit was filed by the Appellant in compliance with the direction

dated 21.07.2023. The Adjudicating Authority by impugned order rejected IA

No. 2828 of 2021 holding that the Respondent No.2- Successful Resolution

Applicant is not eligible under Section 29A. Mr. Mahesh Mathai was one of

the Directors in the Company who resigned on 01.03.2018.

2.2. The Adjudicating Authority by the impugned order observed that the

question to be examined is as to whether Successful Resolution Applicant

meets the eligibility criteria under Section 29A. The Adjudicating Authority

after considering the submissions of the parties took the view that Section

29A restricts those persons from submitting a Resolution Plan who could have

an adverse effect on the entire CIRP. It was held that Mr. Mahesh being a

Company Appeal (AT) (Insolvency) No. 1489 of 2023

& I.A. No. 5342 of 2023
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former promoter/director of the Company is not eligible to submit a

Resolution Plan.

3. Learned Counsel for the Resolution Professional challenging the order

impugned submits that the Adjudicating Authority committed error in holding

Successful Resolution Applicant as ineligible whereas promoters/ex

management are not ineligible to submit a Resolution Plan unless they are

ineligible under any of the clauses as provided in Section 29A. It is submitted

that the Successful Resolution Applicant is not covered by any of the clauses

under which ineligibility is attached to promoter/ex-management. Section

29A does not make ineligible ipso facto all promoters and directors.

Ineligibility is attached if they are ineligible under any of the clauses under

Section 29A. It is submitted that the Adjudicating Authority has referred to

Section 29A(c) which is not attracted. Counsel for the Appellant in support of

his submission placed reliance on the judgment of Hon’ble Supreme Court in

“Hari Babu Thota vs. Shree Aashraya Infra-Con Ltd.- 2023 SCC OnLine

SC 1642”. It is submitted that the Adjudicating Authority has misinterpreted

Section 29A in holding that Respondent No.2 was ineligible whereas none of

the conditions under Section 29A are attracted and Section 29A per se does

not make directors/ promoters ineligible. It is submitted that the none of the

Banks, nationalised or commercial banks are creditors of the Corporate

Debtor, hence, there is no question of applicability of Section 29A (c).

4. Learned Counsel appearing for the Successful Resolution Applicant

supported the submissions of the Appellant.

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5. Learned Counsel for the Committee of Creditors (CoC) submitted that

the CoC having already approved the Resolution Plan, the Successful

Resolution Applicant was never held to be ineligible.

6. We have considered the submissions of the Counsel for the parties and

perused the record.

7. The only question to be answered in this Appeal is as to whether

Respondent No.2 is ineligible under Section 29A to submit a Resolution Plan.

The Resolution Plan submitted by the Respondent No.2 has been approved by

the CoC with 91.86% vote share. Application was also filed by the Resolution

Professional for approval of the Resolution Plan which has been rejected by

impugned order holding that the Respondent No.2 is not eligible in submitting

a Resolution Plan. In pursuance of the order passed by the Adjudicating

Authority asking for clarification, Additional Affidavit was filed by the

Resolution Professional where it was stated that the Successful Resolution

Applicant was director of the Corporate Debtor from 20.07.2006 to

01.03.2018. Copy of Form DIR-12 and Resignation Letter was annexed along

with Additional Affidavit. Financials of the Corporate Debtor for F.Y. 2018-

2019 and 2019-2020 were also annexed along with the Additional Affidavit.

Resolution Plan was submitted by the Respondent No.2 on 28.10.2021 which

is clear from Form H filed by the Resolution Professional as Annexure A-11 to

the Appeal. On the date when Resolution Plan was submitted, Respondent

No.2 was no more Director of the Corporate Debtor and the eligibility has to

be looked into on the date when plan was submitted. However, we proceed to

examine as to whether ex-promoter/directors are not eligible to submit a

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Resolution Plan under Section 29A if no disqualification is attached in any of

the clauses under Section 29A.

8. Section 29 A of the IBC is as follows:-

“29A. Persons not eligible to be resolution

applicant. - A person shall not be eligible to submit a
resolution plan, if such person, or any other person
acting jointly or in concert with such person—
(a) is an undischarged insolvent;
(b) is a wilful defaulter in accordance with the
guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India issued
under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of
1949);
(c) [at the time of submission of the resolution plan
has an account,] or an account of a corporate
debtor under the management or control of such
person or of whom such person is a promoter,
classified as non-performing asset in accordance
with the guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India
issued under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10
of 1949) [or the guidelines of a financial sector
regulator issued under any other law for the time
being in force,] and at least a period of one year
has lapsed from the date of such classification till
the date of commencement of the corporate
insolvency resolution process of the corporate
debtor:
Provided that the person shall be eligible to submit a
resolution plan if such person makes payment of all
overdue amounts with interest thereon and charges
relating to nonperforming asset accounts before
submission of resolution plan:

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Provided further that nothing in this clause shall apply

to a resolution applicant where such applicant is a
financial entity and is not a related party to the
corporate debtor.
Explanation I.- For the purposes of this proviso, the
expression "related party" shall not include a financial
entity, regulated by a financial sector regulator, if it is
a financial creditor of the corporate debtor and is a
related party of the corporate debtor solely on account
of conversion or substitution of debt into equity shares
or instruments convertible into equity shares 2 [or
completion of such transactions as may be prescribed],
prior to the insolvency commencement date.
Explanation II.— For the purposes of this clause, where
a resolution applicant has an account, or an account of
a corporate debtor under the management or control of
such person or of whom such person is a promoter,
classified as non-performing asset and such account
was acquired pursuant to a prior resolution plan
approved under this Code, then, the provisions of this
clause shall not apply to such resolution applicant for a
period of three years from the date of approval of such
resolution plan by the Adjudicating Authority under this
Code;]
[(d) has been convicted for any offence punishable with
imprisonment –
(i) for two years or more under any Act specified
under the Twelfth Schedule; or
(ii) for seven years or more under any law for the
time being in force:
Provided that this clause shall not apply to a person
after the expiry of a period of two years from the date
of his release from imprisonment:

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Provided further that this clause shall not apply in

relation to a connected person referred to in clause (iii)
of Explanation I];
(e) is disqualified to act as a director under the
Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013):
[Provided that this clause shall not apply in relation to
a connected person referred to in clause (iii) of
Explanation I;]
(f) is prohibited by the Securities and Exchange Board
of India from trading in securities or accessing the
securities markets;
(g) has been a promoter or in the management or control
of a corporate debtor in which a preferential
transaction, undervalued transaction, extortionate
credit transaction or fraudulent transaction has taken
place and in respect of which an order has been made
by the Adjudicating Authority under this Code:
[Provided that this clause shall not apply if a
preferential transaction, undervalued transaction,
extortionate credit transaction or fraudulent transaction
has taken place prior to the acquisition of the corporate
debtor by the resolution applicant pursuant to a
resolution plan approved under this Code or pursuant
to a scheme or plan approved by a financial sector
regulator or a court, and such resolution applicant has
not otherwise contributed to the preferential
transaction, undervalued transaction, extortionate
credit transaction or fraudulent transaction;]
(h) has executed [a guarantee] in favour of a creditor in
respect of a corporate debtor against which an
application for insolvency resolution made by such
creditor has been admitted under this Code 3 [and such
guarantee has been invoked by the creditor and

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remains unpaid in full or part]; (i) [is] subject to any

disability, corresponding to clauses (a) to (h), under any
law in a jurisdiction outside India; or (j) has a connected
person not eligible under clauses (a) to (i).
Explanation5 [I]. — For the purposes of this clause, the
expression "connected person" means—
(i) any person who is the promoter or in the
management or control of the resolution applicant; or
(ii) any person who shall be the promoter or in
management or control of the business of the corporate
debtor during the implementation of the resolution plan;
or
(iii) the holding company, subsidiary company,
associate company or related party of a person referred
to in clauses (i) and (ii):
[Provided that nothing in clause (iii) of Explanation I
shall apply to a resolution applicant where such
applicant is a financial entity and is not a related party
of the corporate debtor: Provided further that the
expression "related party" shall not include a financial
entity, regulated by a financial sector regulator, if it is
a financial creditor of the corporate debtor and is a
related party of the corporate debtor solely on account
of conversion or substitution of debt into equity shares
or instruments convertible into equity shares [or
completion of such transactions as may be prescribed],
prior to the insolvency commencement date;]
[Explanation II—For the purposes of this section,
"financial entity" shall mean the following entities
which meet such criteria or conditions as the Central
Government may, in consultation with the financial
sector regulator, notify in this behalf, namely:—
(a) a scheduled bank;

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(b) any entity regulated by a foreign central bank or a

securities market regulator or other financial sector
regulator of a jurisdiction outside India which
jurisdiction is compliant with the Financial Action Task
Force Standards and is a signatory to the International
Organisation of Securities Commissions Multilateral
Memorandum of Understanding;
(c) any investment vehicle, registered foreign
institutional investor, registered foreign portfolio
investor or a foreign venture capital investor, where the
terms shall have the meaning assigned to them in
regulation 2 of the Foreign Exchange Management
(Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident
Outside India) Regulations, 2017 made under the
Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (42 of 1999);
(d) an asset reconstruction company register with the
Reserve Bank of India under section 3 of the
Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets
and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (54 of
2002);
(e) an Alternate Investment Fund registered with
Securities and Exchange Board of India;
(f) such categories of persons as may be notified by the
Central Government.”

9. The Adjudicating Authority in its order has referred to Section 29A (c).

Section 29A (c) is attracted when at the time of submission of the plan, the

person has an account or an account of a Corporate Debtor under the

management or control of such person or of whom such person is a promoter,

is classified as non-performing assets. Present is a case where as per

submission of the Appellant, no bank is creditor of the Corporate Debtor.

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Form-H mentions the name of creditors of the Corporate Debtor and all

creditors are only individual. Present is not a case even there is any suggestion

or material that account of Respondent No.2 or the Corporate Debtor is NPA

on the date of submission of the Resolution Plan, therefore, there is no

question of applicability of Section 29A(c).

10. Section 29A has been inserted by Act 8 of 2018 declaring certain

persons who are not eligible to submit a Resolution Plan. A plain reading of

Section indicates that a person shall not be eligible to submit a plan if such

person, or any other person acting jointly or in concert with such person is

covered by any of the clauses mentioned from (a) to (g). Present is not a case

where it is pleaded or alleged that any of the clauses (a) to (g) are attracted

with respect to Respondent No.2. The Adjudicating Authority has declared the

Respondent No.2 is ineligible only on the ground that he was former

promoter/director and has contributed to the downfall of the Company. The

reasons given by the Adjudicating Authority in paragraph 29 are as follows:-

“29. Therefore, we are of the view that Mr. Mahesh

Mathai is not eligible to submit a Resolution Plan as
he was a former promotor/director of the company
and has contributed to the downfall of the company.
Further, it appears from his shareholding pattern
that he was always involved in the company, in fact
after his resignation and whilst the company was
under financial distress, his shareholding went up
from 4,36,757 equity shares to 5,13,458 shares
equity shares in the year 2019-2020. The said
Resolution Plan cannot be allowed as it is in violation
of rationale behind insertion of Section 29A, which

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was to protect the interest of creditors, from persons

who have contributed to the mismanagement and
defaults committed by the Corporate Debtor.”

11. Thus, the question to be answered is as to whether a mere fact that the

person submitting a Resolution Plan has been promoter or director makes

ineligible to submit a Resolution Plan.

12. The Hon’ble Supreme Court had occasion to consider Section 29A in

reference to promoters of the Corporate Debtor in ‘Hari Babu Thota’ (supra).

In the above case, a plan proposed by the promoter was approved by the

Committee of Creditors and the application was filed by the Resolution

Professional for approval of the plan which was dismissed on the ground that

the promoters could not have presented the plan. The Appeal was filed by the

Resolution Professional challenging the order of the Adjudicating Authority.

One of the questions which was considered in the case was as to whether

Resolution Applicant who was promoter was disqualified under Section 29A.

The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the above case has held that there is no per se

disqualification under Section 29A. In the above case, MSME certificate was

issued after commencement of the CIRP, hence, Section 240A was not relied

by the Adjudicating Authority. The Hon’ble Supreme Court after considering

the ILC Report 2018 and Section 240A laid down following in paragraphs 23

to 25:-

“23. Thus, even on this count, the plan submitted in

question will not incur the disqualification. We may

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also note that the aforesaid intent is reflected in the

statutory provision itself that in Section 29A (c) which
begins with "at the time of submission of the
resolution plan".

24. It is also pointed out that even if it was an NPA,

the defect can be cured as set out in proviso (1) before
submission of the plan, making the submission of the
plan the crucial date.

25. We are thus, setting aside the impugned orders

of the NCLT dated 28.02.2023 and NCLAT dated
02.06.2023 and allow the appeal leaving parties to
bear their own costs.”

13. The present is not a case where any of the clauses of Section 29A are

being pressed for ineligibility of Respondent No.2. Ineligibility is being held

only on the ground that Respondent No.2 was promoter of the Corporate

Debtor till 2018 when he resigned. The view taken by the Adjudicating

Authority is not as per the true and correct interpretation of Section 29A.

Section 29A does not make per se promoters and directors ineligible to submit

a plan unless they are ineligible under clauses (a) to (g). Since in the present

case, it is not the case that any of the clauses (a) to (g) are attracted on

Respondent No.2, the mere fact that Respondent No.2 was promoter and

director shall not make him ineligible to submit a Resolution Plan.

14. We, thus, are of the view that the Adjudicating Authority committed

error in holding that the Respondent No.2 is ineligible to submit a Resolution

Plan. The rejection of IA No.2828 of 2021 is thus, unsustainable.

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15. In view of the foregoing discussions and our conclusions, we set aside

the order of the Adjudicating Authority dated 18.08.2023 and revive IA

No.2828 of 2021 in CP (IB) No.4360/MB/C-I/2018 before the Adjudicating

Authority which may be heard and decided afresh in accordance with the law.

Resolution Plan having been approved on 08.11.2021, the Adjudicating

Authority shall endeavour to dispose of the application at an early date.

16. The Appeal is disposed of accordingly.

[Justice Ashok Bhushan]

Chairperson

[Barun Mitra]
Member (Technical)

[Arun Baroka]
Member (Technical)

New Delhi
Anjali

Company Appeal (AT) (Insolvency) No. 1489 of 2023

& I.A. No. 5342 of 2023