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Rotational Inertia 2023 - Handout

The document discusses rotational inertia and torque. It defines moment of inertia as a measure of an object's resistance to changes in rotational motion based on mass distribution and the rotation axis. Torque is the tendency of a force to cause rotation, depending on the force magnitude, direction, and application point. Both rotational inertia and torque influence how hard it is to change an object's rotational speed or angular momentum.

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8 views

Rotational Inertia 2023 - Handout

The document discusses rotational inertia and torque. It defines moment of inertia as a measure of an object's resistance to changes in rotational motion based on mass distribution and the rotation axis. Torque is the tendency of a force to cause rotation, depending on the force magnitude, direction, and application point. Both rotational inertia and torque influence how hard it is to change an object's rotational speed or angular momentum.

Uploaded by

lwitsfadont
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture Outline

ROTATIONAL
INERTIA &
TORQUE

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


Moment of Inertia
• is a calculated measure
for a rigid body that is
undergoing rotational
motion around a fixed
axis
• it measures how
difficult it would be to
change an object's
current rotational
speed.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Moment of Inertia

• measurement is calculated
based upon the distribution
of mass within the object
and the position of the axis
• meaning that the same
object can have very
different moment of inertia
values depending upon
– the location and
– orientation of the axis of
rotation.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
It is twice as hard to rotate the barbell about
the end than about its center.

(a) A barbell with an axis of (b) a barbell with an axis of


rotation through its center; rotation through one end.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


Moment of Inertia

• Conceptually, moment of inertia can be thought of


as representing the object's resistance to change
in angular velocity, in a similar way to
how mass represents a resistance to the change
in velocity in non-rotational motion,
under Newton's laws of motion.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Moment of Inertia

• The moment of inertia calculation


identifies the force it would take to
slow, speed up or stop an object's
rotation.
Moment of Inertia

• The International
System of Units (SI
unit) of moment of
inertia is one
kilogram per meter
squared (kg-m2). In
equations, it is
usually represented
by the variable I or IP.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Moment of inertia

The moment of inertia


is a measure of the
resistance of an
• Where: object to changes in
its rotational motion,
I- moment of Inertia
just as mass is a
m- mass
measure of the
r- radius
tendency of an object
to resist changes in
kg ·m2 in SI units its linear motion.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Moment of inertia

1. Measure the distance r from any particle in the object


to the axis of symmetry
2. Square that distance
3. Multiply that squared distance times the mass of the
particle
4. Repeat for every particle in the object
5. Add all of these values up

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


Rotational kinetic energy

• Where:
KR- Rotational kinetic energy
I- inertia
ω- angular velocity
Note:

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. J in SI units


Calculating Moment of Inertia

•Rotational kinetic
energy: K = Iω 2

•Angular
Momentum: L = Iω
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Rotational Inertia

• The property of an
object to resist
changes in its
rotational state of
motion is called
rotational inertia
(symbol I).

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


Rotational Inertia

• An object rotating
about an axis tends
to remain rotating
about the same axis
at the same
rotational speed
unless interfered with
by some external
influence.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Rotational Inertia

• Depends upon
– mass of object.
– distribution of mass
around axis of rotation.

• The greater the distance between an object's


mass concentration and the axis, the greater the
rotational inertia.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


Rotational Inertia

The greater the distance


between an object's mass
concentration and the axis,
the greater the rotational
inertia.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


Rotational Inertia

•The greater the


rotational inertia, the
harder it is to change
its rotational state.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Rotational Inertia
– A tightrope walker carries a long pole
that has a high rotational inertia, so it
does not easily rotate.
– Keeps the tightrope walker stable.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


Rotational Inertia

• The rotational inertia depends upon the shape of


the object and its rotational axis.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


Torque

• The
tendency
of a force
to cause
rotation is
called
torque.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Torque

• Torque depends upon


three factors:
– Magnitude of the
force
– The direction in which
it acts
– The point at which it
is applied on the
object

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


Torque

• The equation for Torque is

Torque = lever arm x force

• The lever arm depends upon


– where the force is applied.
– the direction in which it acts.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.


Torque
• The equation for Torque is

• Where:
I- inertia
- angular acceleration

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

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