ADVANCED GRAMMAR

SUPPORTING LECTURER
MUNGKAP MANGAPUL SIAHAAN, S.Pd., M.Pd

Created by :
1) Daniel Gurning 2201030084
2) Kesmi Veronika Simanjuntak 2201030082
3) Theodora Evita Bella Lumban Raja 2201030079

STUDY PROGRAM : ENGLISH

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS HKBP NOMMENSEN
PEMATANG SIANTAR
2023
 PREFACE

First of all, thanks to God because of the help of God, writer finished writing the
paper entitled "Conditional Sentence" right in the calculated time.

The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Mr.
Mungkap Mangapul Siahaan, S.Pd., M.Pd as lecturer in Advanced Grammar.

In arranging this paper, the writer trully get lots challenges and obstructions but with
help of many indiviuals, those obstructions could passed. writer also realized there are still
many mistakes in process of writing this paper.

Because of that, the writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in the process
of writing this paper. Hopefully God replies all helps and bless you all. The writer realized
tha this paper still imperfect in arrangment and the content, then the writer hope the criticism
from the readers can help the writer in perfecting the next paper.last but not the least
Hopefully, this paper can helps the readers to gain more knowledge about Conditional
Sentence.

Pematang Siantar, October 30th, 2023

Group 7

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE.............................................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................ii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................1

1.1. Background of the Paper......................................................................................1

1.2. Problem Formulation...........................................................................................2

1. 3. Purpose Of The Paper.........................................................................................2

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ..…………………………………………………….…….3

2.1. Definition and Meaning of Conditional Sentence………………….………….……..3

2.2. How to use conditional sentences ………………………………………………..…..3

2.3 Function of Conditional Sentence ………………………………………………........3

2.2 Types of Conditional Sentence......................................................................................4

a. Zero Conditional Sentences..............................................................................4

b. First Conditional Sentences..............................................................................5

c Second Conditional Sentences...........................................................................6

d. Third Conditional Sentences.............................................................................7

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION............................................................................................8

3.1. Conlusion.............................................................................................................8

REFERENCE.....................................................................................................................iii

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Paper

Conditional sentences, also known as conditional clauses or if-then statements, are a
vital component of language and grammar. They are used to express relationships between
different events or actions, particularly regarding the consequences of certain conditions
being met. The study of conditional sentences not only enriches our understanding of
language but also provides valuable insights into the structure and dynamics of
communication.

The use of conditional sentences can be traced back to ancient languages, and they
continue to be an integral part of modern communication. These sentences are found in
everyday conversation, written texts, literature, legal documents, and many other forms of
discourse. Their presence is so ubiquitous that understanding how to form and interpret them
is crucial for effective communication in any language.

Conditional sentences are typically characterized by their use of conditional words or

phrases such as "if," "unless," "provided that," and "in case," among others. The structure and
interpretation of these sentences can vary, and they are often categorized into different types
based on the likelihood of the condition being met and the resulting consequence.

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of conditional sentences,

offering insights into their various types, structures, and the intricacies of their usage. By
delving into this subject, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the subtleties of language and
improve our skills in both written and spoken communication.

As we move forward in this paper, we will examine the diverse types of conditional
sentences and their specific characteristics. We will also provide practical examples to
illustrate how these sentences function in real-world scenarios. Ultimately, our exploration of
conditional sentences will enhance our ability to use and interpret them effectively.

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1.2 Problem Formulation
1. What is definition of Conditional Sentence ?
2. How to use Conditional Sentence ?
3. What is the Functions of Conditional Sentence ?
4. What is Types of Conditional Sentence ?

1.3 Purpose Of The Paper

1 To know what is definition of Conditional Sentence ?
2 To know How to use Conditional Sentence ?
3 To know What is the Functions of Conditional Sentence ?
4 To know What is Types of Conditional Sentence ?

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition and Meaning of Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentences express conditions that are required to be followed in order to

achieve the desired end results. According to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, a conditional
sentence is defined as “a sentence that begins with if or unless and expresses a condition”,
and according to the Collins Dictionary, “if a situation or agreement is conditional on
something, it will only happen or continue if this thing happens”.

The Cambridge Dictionary defines a conditional sentence as “ a sentence, often

starting with “if” or “unless”, in which one half expresses something which depends on the
other half”, and according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, a conditional is defined as
“the mood or form that is used to say that something is true or happens only if something else
is true or happens”.

2.2 How to use conditional sentences

Conditional sentences are used to describe a hypothetical scenario and the possible
consequences of this scenario. All conditional sentences contain two clauses:

 A subordinate clause that describes an unreal condition (e.g., “If you train more”)
 A main clause that indicates the result of this hypothetical scenario (e.g., “you will
become a better swimmer”) The subordinate clause of a conditional sentence usually
begins with the conjunction “if.”

This is often paired with a “then” at the start of the second clause (e.g., “if you want
to go, then you should go”). However, including “then” is optional. When the subordinate
clause is used at the start of a sentence, it’s always followed by a comma. If the main clause
comes first, no comma is needed (and “then” should not be included).

Examples: How to form conditional sentences

 If you ate healthier food, then you would have more energy.
 You would have more energy if you ate healthier food

.If you switch the order of conditional clauses, you may also need to switch the order of the
nouns and pronouns in the sentence.

Examples: Conditional clause order

 If Tom had called earlier, he might have gotten an appointment.

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  Tom might have gotten an appointment if he had called earlier.

While most conditional sentences use the conjunction “if,” expressions such as
“provided that,” “so long as,” or “whether or not” can also be used to express a condition
(e.g., “So long as you fill the tank back up, you can borrow the car”).

2.3 Function of Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentences are used to express hypothetical situations, dependencies, or

possibilities. They typically consist of two clauses: the "if" clause (conditional clause) and the
main clause. The function of conditional sentences is to:

1. Express conditions: They describe what will happen if a certain condition is met. For
example, "If it rains, we will stay indoors."

2. Express possibilities: They can convey what might or could happen in different
circumstances. For example, "If you study hard, you might get an A."

3. Express cause and effect: They show a cause-and-effect relationship between the
condition and the result. For example, "If you eat too much, you will feel sick."

4. Make recommendations or suggestions: Conditional sentences are often used to give

advice or make suggestions. For example, "If I were you, I would take a break."

5. Express unreal or hypothetical situations: They can be used to discuss situations that are
contrary to reality, like the second conditional, which deals with unlikely or impossible
conditions. For example, "If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house."

Conditional sentences can be classified into different types (zero, first, second, third,
mixed conditionals) based on the likelihood of the condition being fulfilled and the resulting
consequences.

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2.4 Types of Conditional Sentence

In the English language, conditional sentences are divided into four main types
namely,

 Zero Conditional Sentences

 First Conditional Sentences
 Second Conditional Sentences
 Third Conditional Sentences
Let us take a look at each type of conditional sentence in detail.

a. Zero Conditional Sentences

A zero conditional sentence is one which refers to a general truth. It denotes situations
in which a particular thing or action always results in the other. The dependent clause of the
zero conditional begins with “if” or “when.” The independent clause of the zero conditional
begins with the simple present verb tense or the imperative verb tense. This is mainly due to
the fact that the outcomes are guaranteed.

Pattern :

1. If + simple present tense, simple present tense

2. Simple present tense + if + simple present tense

Example :

1. If you heat butter, it melts.

2. The ground gets wet if it rains.
3. When you smoke, your lungs are affected.

4. The lawn gets wet when it rains.

5. Babies cry when they are hungry and sick.

6. If you don’t water the plants, they die.

7. If you don’t exercise, you gain weight.

b. Firts Conditional Sentences

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 A first conditional sentence is a sentence that expresses an idea that might happen at
some point in the future. It is something that is possible, but its certainty is unknown because
it depends on another event.

The tense used in a first conditional sentence is as follows:

 Simple present tense in the ‘if clause’ – the dependent clause.

 Simple future tense in the independent clause which expresses the outcome that is
most likely to happen in the future as a result of the other action expressed in the ‘if
clause’.

Patern :

1. If + simple present tense, simple future tense

2. Simple future tense + if + simple present tense

Example :

1. If you go now, you will arrive there on time.

2. I will buy a new bike if I pass the exam.
3. If you talk to someone about how you feel, you will feel better.

4. If you are focussed, you will achieve your goal.

5. If you take some medicines, you will feel better.

6. If you go out now, you will get wet in the rain.

7. If you like animated movies, you will like Inside out.

c. Second Conditional Sentences

A second conditional sentence is a sentence that can express two ideas.First, it might
express things in the future that are unlikely to happen. Second, it is used to express an idea
that is not true because it is impossible.

In this type of conditional sentences, the tense used would be – simple past tense for
the ‘if clause’ and use of a modal auxiliary along with a main verb in the independent clause.
The common modal auxiliaries used in second conditional sentences include might, would,
could, should, etc.

Pattern :

1. If + simple past, present conditional

2. Present conditional + if + simple past

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Fact : Using Simple Present Tense

Example :

1. would be very angry if I were you.

Fact : I'm not very angry because I'm not you.

2. . If We were Superman, we would fly everywhere.

Fact : We aren't Superman so we don't fly everywhere.

3. If I married you, I would be very happy.

Fact : I don't marry you so I'm not very happy.

4. I would be at school if I didn't go to Bali.

Fact : I'm not at school because I go to Bali.

5. If I had a girl, I wouldn't be single boy.

Fact : I didn't have a girl so I'm a single boy.

d. Third Conditional Sentences

A third conditional sentence expresses a past idea that did not occur. The third
conditional sentence expresses an imagined result of that past event that did not occur. In
other words, it is unreal.

Sentences that use the third conditional contain two clauses:

 A subordinate clause with a verb in the past perfect tense (e.g., “if I had worked”)
 A main clause using a modal verb (usually “would,” “could,” or “might”) along with
the auxiliary verb “have” and the past participle of the main verb

Pattern :

1. If + past perfect, perfect conditional

2. Perfect conditional + if + past perfect

Fact : Using Past Tense

Example :

1. If Rudi had taken a motorbike, he would not have arrived late

Fact : Rudi did not take a motorbike so he arrived late

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2. I would not have gotten here on time if you had not helped me.

Fact : You helped me so I got here on time

3. You would not get fired if you had not insulted your boss

Fact : You insulted your boss so you got fired.

4. If she had not taken the short course, Dian would not have received the certificate.

Fact : She did take the short course so she did get the book package.

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
1.1 Conclusion

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 Conditionals can be categorized as real and unreal. You can think of this as meaning
possible or impossible. Zero and first conditionals are possible as they deal with things that
are generally true or that could be true in the future. Second, third, and mixed conditionals are
impossible because they are either hypothetical or concerned with events in the past that we
cannot change.

 Real Conditionals: Zero and First

 Unreal Conditionals: Second, Third

In the second conditional, the simple past is used in the condition clause. If the be verb
is being used, it is typical to use were in more formal contexts. If you’re speaking informally
though, was is more usual.
 Formal: If I were you, I would drink more water.
 Informal: If I was you, I wouldn’t stay out so late.

REFERENCES

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