Scribd
Upload
64 views

Solution Example 1

1) A 2m x 2m square footing is to be placed 1.5m deep to support a 0.4m x 0.4m column with permanent and transient loads. 2) The soil properties and groundwater table are given. Two design scenarios are considered according to Eurocode 7. 3) Calculations are shown for ultimate limit state capacity and serviceability limit state settlement. For both scenarios, the degree of utilization is below 100%, indicating the design is safe and acceptable. 4) Reinforcement of 7 bars of 16mm diameter in both directions with 40mm cover is selected.

Uploaded by

travistushal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
64 views

Solution Example 1

1) A 2m x 2m square footing is to be placed 1.5m deep to support a 0.4m x 0.4m column with permanent and transient loads. 2) The soil properties and groundwater table are given. Two design scenarios are considered according to Eurocode 7. 3) Calculations are shown for ultimate limit state capacity and serviceability limit state settlement. For both scenarios, the degree of utilization is below 100%, indicating the design is safe and acceptable. 4) Reinforcement of 7 bars of 16mm diameter in both directions with 40mm cover is selected.

Uploaded by

travistushal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Example 1

It is proposed to place a 2 m × 2 m square footing at a depth of 1.5 m in a North Norfolk glacial


clay soil. The 0.5 m thick footing is to support a 0.4 m × 0.4 m centrally located square column
which will carry a vertical characteristic permanent load of 600 kN and a vertical characteristic
transient load of 350 kN. Take the unit weight of reinforced concrete, ɤconcrete as 25 kN/m3. The
soil has the following properties:
Undrained shear strength, cu = 158 kPa
Effective cohesion, c′ = 0 kPa
Angle of shearing resistance, ϕ′ = 28°
Unit weight of soil, ɤ = 20 kN/m3
mv = 0.104 m2/MN
CV = 2.285 m2/Yr
E = 30 MPa
The ground water table is coincident with the base of the foundation. Design foundation
according to Eurocode 7 DA1.
Solution:
Schematic of the foundation:

Verification of ultimate limit state (ULS)


Step 1: Choose design scenario.
EC7 DA1 C1
Step -2: Partial design factors according to EC7 DA1 C1
ɤG = 1.35, ɤQ = 1.5, ɤCu = 1.0, ɤcʹ = 1.0, ɤϕʹ = 1.0, ɤR = 1.0
Step -3: Calculate design load
Fdesign = ɤG x VG + ɤQ x VQ + ɤG x (self-load of footing + soil above footing)
Self-load of footing = (2 x 2 x 0.5 + 0.4 x 0.4 x 1) x 25 = 54 kN

1
Soil/backfill above footing = (2 x 2 x 1 – 0.4 x 0.4 x 1) x 20 = 76.8 kN
Fdesign = 1.35 x 600 + 1.5 x 350 + 1.35 x (54 + 76.8) = 1512 kN
Step -4: Calculate design material properties
cu_design = cu / ɤCu = 158 / 1.0 = 158 kPa
cʹ_design = cʹ / ɤcʹ = 0 / 1.0 = 0 kPa
ϕʹ_design = ϕʹ / ɤϕʹ = 28 / 1 = 28o
ɤ_design = ɤ / ɤɤ = 20 / 1 = 20 kN/m3
Step -5: Calculate the design bearing resistance of soil in undrained condition (short-
term).
R/A = (π + 2) Cu bc Sc ic + q
bc = 1.0 for the level ground surface
Sc = 1.2 for the square footing
ic = 1.0 for load is vertical (at right angle) to the foundation
q = unit weight of soil x depth of foundation = ɤ x Df
R/A = (3.14156 + 2) x 158 x 1 x 1.2 x 1 + 20 x 1.5 = 1004.84 kN/m2
R = 1058 x A = 1004.84 x 2 x 2 = 4019 kN
Rdesign = R / ɤR = 4019/ 1.0 = 4019 kN
Step -6: Calculate over design factor (ODF) and degree of utilization (DOU) in undrained
condition (short-term).
ODF = Rdesign / Fdesign = 4019 / 1512 = 2.66
DOU = (1/ ODF) X 100 = (1 / 2.66) = 38 %
Step -7: Calculate the bearing resistance of soil in drained condition (long-term).
R/A = cʹNcbcScic + ɤDfNqbqSqiq + 0.5ɤʹBNɤbɤSɤiɤ
cʹ = 0 kPa so first term of the above equation will be equal to 0.
Nq = eπtanϕʹtan2(45 + ϕʹ/2) = e3.14tan28tan2(45 + 28/2) = 14.72
bq = 1.0, iq = 1.0
Sq = 1 + sinϕʹ = 1 + sin28 = 1.469
Nɤ = 2(Nq – 1) tanϕʹ = 2(14.72 – 1) tan28 = 14.59
bɤ = 1.0, iɤ = 1.0
Sɤ = 0.7
R/A = cʹNcbcScic + ɤDfNqbqSqiq + 0.5ɤʹBNɤbɤSɤiɤ

2
R/A = 0 + 20x1.5x14.72x1x1.469x1 + 0.5x(20-9.81) x2x14.59x1x0.7x1 = 753 kN/m2
R = 753 x 2 x 2 = 3011 kN
Rdesign = R / ɤR = 3011 / 1.0 = 3011 kN
Step -8: Calculate over design factor (ODF) and degree of utilization (DOU) in drained
condition (long-term).
ODF = Rdesign / Fdesign = 3011 / 1512 = 1.99
DOU = (1/ ODF) x 100 = (1 / 1.98) = 50 %
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Verification of ultimate limit state (ULS)
Step -1: Choose design scenario
EC7 DA1 C2
Step -2: Partial design factors according to EC7 DA1 C2
ɤG = 1.0, ɤQ = 1.3, ɤCu = 1.4, ɤcʹ = 1.25, ɤϕʹ = 1.25, ɤR = 1.0
Step -3: Calculate design load
Fdesign = ɤG x VG + ɤQ x VQ + ɤG x (self-load of footing + soil above footing)
Self-load of footing = (2 x 2 x 0.5 + 0.4 x 0.4 x 1) x 25 = 54 kN
Soil above footing = (2 x 2 x 1 – 0.4 x 0.4 x 1) x 20 = 76.8 kN
Fdesign = 1.0 x 600 + 1.3 x 350 + 1.0 x (54 + 76.8) = 1186 kN
Step -4: Calculate design material properties
cu_design = cu / ɤCu = 158 / 1.4 = 113 kPa
cʹ_design = cʹ / ɤcʹ = 0 / 1.25 = 0 kPa
ϕʹ_design = ϕʹ / ɤϕʹ = 28 /1.25 = 22.4o
ɤ_design = ɤ / ɤɤ = 20 / 1 = 20 kN/m3
Step -5: Calculate the design bearing resistance of soil in undrained condition (short-
term).
R/A = (π + 2) Cu bc Sc ic + q
bc = 1.0 for the level ground surface
Sc = 1.0 for the square footing
ic = 1.0 for load is vertical (at right angle) to the foundation
q = unit weight of soil x depth of foundation = ɤ x Df
R/A = (3.14156 + 2) x 113 x 1 x 1.2 x 1 + 20 x 1.5 = 727.2 kN/m2

3
R = 1058 x A = 727.2 x 2 x 2 = 2909 kN
Rdesign = R / ɤR = 2909/ 1.0 = 2909 kN
Step -6: Calculate over design factor (ODF) and degree of utilization (DOU) in undrained
condition (short-term).
ODF = Rdesign / Fdesign = 2909 / 1186 = 2.45
DOU = (1/ ODF) X 100 = (1 / 2.45) = 41 %
Step -7: Calculate the bearing resistance of soil in drained condition (long-term).
R/A = cʹNcbcScic + ɤDfNqbqSqiq + 0.5ɤʹBNɤbɤSɤiɤ
cʹ = 0 kPa so first term of the above equation will be equal to 0.
Nq = eπtanϕʹtan2(45 + ϕʹ/2) = e3.14tan22.4tan2(45 + 22.4/2) = 8.14
bq = 1.0, iq = 1.0
Sq = 1 + sinϕʹ = 1 + sin22 = 1.37
Nɤ = 2(Nq – 1) tanϕʹ = 2(7.78 – 1) tan22.4 = 5.89
bɤ = 1.0, iɤ = 1.0
Sɤ = 0.7
R/A = cʹNcbcScic + ɤDfNqbqSqiq + 0.5ɤʹBNɤbɤSɤiɤ
R/A = 0 + 20 x 1.5 x 8.14 x 1 x 1.37 x 1 + 0.5 x (20-9.81) x 2 x 5.89 x 1 x 0.7 x 1 = 400.1 kN/m2
R = 400.1 x 2 x 2 = 1603 kN
Rdesign = R / ɤR = 1603 / 1.0 = 1603 kN
Step -8: Calculate over design factor (ODF) and degree of utilization (DOU) in drained
condition (long-term).
ODF = Rdesign / Fdesign = 1603 / 1186 = 1.35
DOU = (1/ ODF) X 100 = (1/1.35) = 74 %
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4
Verification of Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
ST = S0 + S1 + S2
S2 ≈ 0 mm for inorganic soils
Immediate Settlement:
𝑞𝐵(1 − 𝜇 2 )𝐼𝑓
𝑆0 =
𝐸

(600 + 350 + 54 + 76.8)


𝑞= = 270.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
(2 × 2)
B=2m
μ = 0.49
If = 0.82 (from Table see the slides)
E = 30000 kN/m2
270.2 × 2 × (1 − 0.492 ) × 0.82
𝑆0 = = 11.22 𝑚𝑚
30000
Consolidation Settlement:
𝑆1 = ∑ 𝑚𝑣 . 𝜎 . ℎ
𝑧
𝞂0 = contact stress = (Service load/area) = (600+350+54+76.8)/ (2 x 2) = 270.2 kN/m2
𝞂1 = stress at 1m depth = Fservice / (B+Z) (L+Z) = (600+350+54+76.8) /(2+1) (2+1) = 120 kN/m2
𝞂2 = stress at 2 m depth = Fservice / (B+Z) (L+Z) = (600+350+54+76.8) / (2+2) (2+2) = 68 kN/m2
𝞂3 = stress at 3 m depth = Fservice / (B+Z) (L+Z) = (600+350+54+76.8) / (2+3) (2+3) = 43 kN/m2
𝞂4 = stress at 4 m depth = Fservice / (B+Z) (L+Z) = (600+350+54+76.8) / (2+4) (2+4) = 30 kN/m2
≈ 10% 𝞂0
So, influence zone (h) = 4 m, 𝞂mid = 68 kN/m2
(𝞂z)avg. = 1/6(𝞂0 + 4 𝞂mid + 𝞂4)
(𝞂z)avg. = 1/6(270 + 4 × 68 + 30) = 95 kN/m2

𝑆1 = ∑ 𝑚𝑣 . 𝜎 . ℎ
𝑧

𝑆1 = ∑ 0.000104 × 95 × 4000 = 39.65 𝑚𝑚

ST = S0 + S1
ST = 11.22 + 39.65 = 50.87 mm ≈ 50 mm (close to Permissible limit)
So, our design is safe and acceptable.

5
Final drawing:
7 bars of 16 mm diameter both in x and y directions, 40 mm cover.

You might also like