Paper—Guide Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence

Guide Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence

https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i08.9058

Dali Luo
Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering Financial Institute of Trade, Chongqing, China
[email protected]

Abstract—To improve the development and deployment efficiency of the

system, this paper combined the software system with Java and AI language
Prolog to achieve the guide teaching system based on artificial intelligence
(AI). The system creatively adopted the theory of artificial intelligence expert
system, at the same time, built a Struts+Spring+Hibernate lightweight JavaEE
framework. The coupling degree of each module in the system was greatly re-
duced to facilitate the expansion of future functions. Based on the development
principle of the artificial intelligence expert system, the system diagnosed the
learner's mastery of each point of knowledge. It classified students' learning ef-
fect and evaluated the knowledge points. Making full use of the learning state
of students and combining it with artificial intelligence expert system theory,
the system developed a suitable learning strategy to help students improve their
learning with less efforts. In addition, the system took the forgetting rule of
human brain into account, which periodically presented trainees’ knowledge
points assessment and avoided students wasting time. The purpose was to help
students improve their learning effect. Finally, the system was tested. The test
results showed that the system is applicable and useful. It is concluded that the
artificial intelligence system provides an example for the same method and has
certain reference significance.

Keywords—intelligence, SSH, intelligence learning, JavaEE

1 Introduction

AI is an emerging cutting-edge discipline developed on the basis of inter-

disciplines such as computer science, cybernetics, information theory, neurophysiolo-
gy, psychology, philosophy and linguistics. It mainly studies how to use machines
(computers) to mimic human intelligence behavior.
AI theory studies how to use artificial methods to simulate and extend intelligence.
This work is mainly done by science and engineering researchers. Based on the theory
of natural intelligence, the working mechanism of natural intelligence and the struc-
ture of various functional components are clarified. Then, AI can be achieved by
simulating and expanding similar structures in highly developed electronic, optical
and biological devices. Through decades of development, a more systematic theory
has formed. It contains very rich content and has been widely used in practice.

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Paper—Guide Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence

2 Literature review

2.1 An overview of the development of artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence is a new subject. In 2017, Pantic and others as stated in [1]
proposed the teaching introductory artificial intelligence using a simple agent frame-
work. There is no unified definition yet. There are different understandings and defi-
nitions for artificial intelligence in different fields. In terms of artificial intelligence,
Hendrawan as stated in [2] believes that an intelligent machine should have the fol-
lowing six kinds of typical ability: the ability to categorize all kinds of patterns; the
ability to change one's own behavior, that is, learning ability, inductive reasoning
ability, that is, generalization ability, deductive reasoning ability, the ability to form
conceptual models and the ability to use this model, and the ability to understand.
Therefore, the narrow sense of artificial intelligence can be defined as follows: It is
used to study how the computer can do the intelligent work that only the talents can
do. Its core goal is to make computer performance more impressive and develop in an
all-round way. As a result, an ordinary computer is not a smart machine. Only when
an electronic computer can be used to control and process information, the simulation
for human thinking can be called artificial intelligence. Hilles and others as stated in
[3] proposed the knowledge-based intelligent tutoring system for teaching mongo
database. Hooshyar and others as stated in [4] used a flowchart-based intelligent tutor-
ing system for improving problem-solving skills of novice programmers. In addition,
Sullins and others as stated in [5] explored the effectiveness of a novel feedback
mechanism within an intelligent tutoring system
In the 1950s, after the concept of AI was first put forward, a lot of notable
achievements were made, such as machine theorem proving, checkers, solving pro-
gram, USP table processing language and so on. In 2014, Bridge and others used as
stated in [6] the machine learning for first-order theorem proving. At this stage, AI
experts pay attention to the problem-solving method, ignoring the importance of
knowledge, which causes failure in machine translation as well as in other aspects and
makes artificial intelligence development at a low ebb. Moreover, Sanjika and Steph-
an as stated in [7] extracted the parallel phrases from comparable data for machine
translation. From late 1960s to the 1970s, the emergence of the expert system has
brought the research of artificial intelligence to a new climax. With the development
of the fifth generation of computers, artificial intelligence has been greatly developed,
and the focus of artificial intelligence during this period is to make intelligent robots.
In late 1980s, the theory and technology of neural network developed rapidly. By the
1990s, due to the development of Internet technology, AI began to turn from the re-
search of single intelligent agent to the research of distributed artificial intelligence
based on network environment. Melo and Silveira as stated in [8] believed the blind
can see tourist destinations on the internet. On the other hand, because of the im-
provement of computer speed and the expansion of storage capacity, the hardware of
the computer has developed rapidly. A lot of work that couldn’t be done can be car-
ried out now. Therefore, artificial intelligence has a new climax. Some of these tech-

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Paper—Guide Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence

nologies have been applied, and artificial intelligence has penetrated into every field
of social life.

2.2 Research hot spots of artificial intelligence

Through 50 years’ development, artificial intelligence has made many remarkable

achievements. From the expert system to the rise of artificial neural networks and
genetic algorithms since 1990s, remarkable achievements have been achieved. AI has
been successfully applied in many other fields, such as medicine, philosophy, biology,
astronomy, geography and etc. At present, three hot spots in the research of artificial
intelligence are respectively intelligent interface, data mining, and main body system.
In 2014, Neviarouskaya and others as stated in [9] used the intelligent interface
technology for textual attitude analysis. In general, intelligent interface technology
studies how to make it easier for people to use a computer. To achieve this goal, the
computer is required to understand the text and the language, have the ability to talk
and express, and even be able to translate between different languages. However, the
implementation of these functions depends on the study of knowledge representation.
Therefore, the research of intelligent interface technology not only has great practical
value, but also has great theoretical significance.
Data mining is the process of extracting the unknown and useful information hid-
den in a large number of incomplete, noisy, fuzzy, and random practical application
data. At present, the research of data mining and knowledge discovery has formed
three powerful technical pillars: database, AI and mathematical statistics.
The main body system is a mental state with belief, desire, intention, ability,
choice, commitment and so on. The system is more powerful and intelligent than the
object, and has autonomy. The main body tries to accomplish the task autonomously
and independently. Moreover, it can interact with the environment, communicate with
other subjects, and achieve the goal in a planned way. The multi-agent system mainly
studies the coordinated intelligent behavior between the multiple entities separated
logically or physically, and finally solves the problem.

2.3 Practical use of artificial intelligence

At present, the main research and application fields of artificial intelligence include
pattern recognition, natural language understanding, automatic theorem proving, pro-
gram automation, intelligent database system, robot, expert system, artificial neural
network and intelligent tutoring system (ITS). Roll and others as stated in [10] pro-
posed to improve students’ help-seeking skills by using metacognitive feedback in an
intelligent tutoring system.
Automatic theorem proving: When people prove the theorem, methods of induc-
tion and deduction are generally used. From some of the most basic axioms, the cor-
rectness of the theorem is proved by strict reasoning. Now, people have successfully
proved all the geometric theorems with computers. The most outstanding thing is to
use the computer to prove the world-famous mathematical problem- The four-color
problem.

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Paper—Guide Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence

Intelligent database system: Database system, or knowledge base system, is a com-

puter software system that stores a lot of facts in a discipline. They can answer all
kinds of science questions raised by users. In order to effectively represent, store and
retrieve facts, and satisfy people's need for data processing, many technologies, espe-
cially including information retrieval system, have been developed.
Intelligent teaching system: It is a comprehensive subject involving artificial intel-
ligence, computer science, cognitive science, education, psychology and behavioral
science. The ultimate goal of its research is to bear the primary responsibility of hu-
man education by computers, that is, to give computer system intelligence. To a cer-
tain extent, the computer system can replace human teachers to achieve a better teach-
ing effect. In recent years, with the popularization of computers and the increasing
demand for educational software, the development of ITS is faster.
In summary, the existing research has not yet met the social demand for the man-
agement of the guide teaching system. Therefore, to improve the performance of
guide teaching system, the idea of artificial intelligence is introduced in this paper. In
view of the problem of classroom teaching and after-class practice, this method com-
bines traditional classroom teaching with modern information technology and makes
use of the complementary advantages of network courses and traditional classes.

3 Design and analysis of guide teaching system based on AI

3.1 Design and analysis of guide teaching system

With the opening of university tour guides and the improvement of students' pro-
fessional courses, the Ministry of Education has formulated new regulations on the
University syllabus, and has new requirements for university guide teaching. In this
case, the teaching of computer-aided University guides, supported by multimedia
technology and network technology, has developed rapidly. This teaching method
aims to combine traditional classroom teaching with modern information technology
and makes use of the complementary advantages of network courses and traditional
classes. However, there are various problems in the current computer aided teaching
guide, which mainly include the following aspects:
First, there is a shortage of professional teachers. The increase of students and the
small class teaching model have caused the shortage of teachers. At the same time,
the number of professional teachers is too small to take care of each student. To solve
this problem fundamentally, we should improve the teaching quality and carry out
targeted teaching method with the limited teachers. Secondly, the students have a
weak foundation in the basic knowledge. As for the university teaching reform, the
emphasis of tour related professional courses has changed. Teachers don't have spare
time and energy to consolidate basic knowledge for students, which has hindered the
improvement of the students' level to a certain extent. Therefore, teachers should help
students to consolidate the basic knowledge in an efficient way and further improve
the teaching quality. Thirdly, the awareness of students' self-teaching is obviously
inadequate. Self-teaching includes three processes: self - monitoring, self - guidance

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and self - strengthening. We should adopt a planned or skilled way to achieve this,
urge students to make a schedule for learning in a regular way and enable students to
achieve their learning goals through self-monitoring, feedback and adjustment.
In order to improve the development efficiency and deployment efficiency of the
system, the software system developed in this paper combines Java and AI language
Prolog to achieve a guide teaching system based on AI. The system creatively applies
the theory of artificial intelligence expert system. At the same time, the
Struts+Spring+Hibernate lightweight JavaEE framework is used. The coupling degree
of each module in the system is greatly reduced to facilitate the expansion of future
functions. Then, based on the development principle of the artificial intelligence ex-
pert system, the system sets the diagnostic checkpoint before the user uses the soft-
ware to learn. This checkpoint can help learners to grasp knowledge by means of
learning record information retained by students in the system, and classify students'
learning effects and knowledge. Making full use of the learning state of students and
combining the theory of artificial intelligence expert system, we can come up with
suitable learning strategies to help students achieve better result with fewer efforts.
Finally, the system takes into account the forgetting curve of the human brain. In
order to help students to improve their learning effect, students should be evaluated
periodically to avoid a large amount of time spent in doing too many exercises.

3.2 System architecture design

Using JavaEE technology and database technology, a guide teaching intelligent

learning system is developed. This system needs to browse selectively according to
users' needs and carries out some tests and interactive contents. Therefore, the website
contains many contents, including several learning modules such as knowledge point
information management, knowledge point testing, knowledge point management,
and learning navigation providing suggestion for user. Each module is a different
learning model for the learners. The learners have a new understanding and learning
of computer English, and develop their interest slowly. After learning, the new
knowledge is consolidated to achieve the ultimate learning effect.

User layer IE Browser

Module Self-learning Keywords

Web server
navigation navigation navigation

Knowledge Information System

Database server
library library library

Fig. 1. The overall framework of guide teaching system

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Paper—Guide Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence

Figure 1 is the framework of the overall guide teaching system. The structure
adopts the online teaching system based on the Internet-assisted, and uses the browser
/ server (B/S mode) architecture. The system is composed of the students' autonomous
learning system and the assistant expert system of the university tour guide course.
There are four users, such as system administrators, students, teachers, and domain
experts. When the user login system, the system will automatically put forward dif-
ferent privileges according to the identity of different users. Among them, the system
administrator carries out daily maintenance to the system.
The work of domain experts is mainly about maintenance of query, deletion, modi-
fication and addition of neural network, as well as maintenance of operations such as
query, modification, addition and deletion of dynamic and static knowledge base. In
addition, students can log into the system via the user password provided by the sys-
tem administrator. After entering the system, students can carry out self - training, self
- testing, and intensive practice relevant to knowledge points. Intensive exercises are
conducted on the basis of results of self-testing and testing and combined with the
principles of memory. As shown in figure 2, it is the network topology of the guide
teaching system. It is known from the following diagram that the network structure
consists of three parts: internal network, server side and remote client.

Computer

Server
Firewall Router Client

Server Switch

Server Switch
Client

Fig. 2. Network topology diagram of guide teaching system

In addition, the system selects the intelligent learning process, which is mainly
composed of diagnostic models. The diagnostic model consists of two parts: diagnosis
and evaluation. It is used to diagnose the mistakes and defects of students in their
study. In view of the errors and defects, the teaching of the error correction is made,
so that the system carries out individualized teaching methods of teaching students in
accordance with their aptitude. The evaluation is based on the results of the diagnosis
to identify whether the students reach the teaching goals, and to achieve the basic
standards. In a variety of ways, the feedback of evaluation results will be given to the
students in time so that they can understand their academic achievements and defects.
At the same time, the results of diagnosis and evaluation need to be sent to the
knowledge base. As shown in figure 3, the results of the students and the types of
statistical errors were calculated and the reasons for the error were explained. The
teaching strategy reference is provided, and the teaching navigation system is correct-
ed.

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User

Human-computer interaction

Student model Teacher model

Diagnostic model Domain model

Fig. 3. Intelligent learning model

3.3 Design of the main module of the system

The teaching system is divided into two parts: front desk display and backstage
management. The entity on the front desk is the user. Whether users are registered or
not, they can search for professional knowledge. It provides a good platform for user
to learn professional knowledge. Figure 4 is the flow chart of the login verification
module program in the system. Figure 5 is a flow chart of the user query knowledge
point algorithm in the knowledge point display function. The neural network expert
system can calculate what knowledge points need to be mastered, memorized and
strengthened according to the performance of these students.

Start

Enter login information

User login

Account and password

N
User permissions

Y
Login

End

Fig. 4. Logon validation module program flow chart

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Paper—Guide Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence

Start

Initiation

Enter keywords

Retrieve database

Y N
Meet condition

Display content No content

Check information

Display material

End

Fig. 5. User query knowledge point algorithm flow chart

4 The implementation and test of the system

4.1 System development and running environment

The guided teaching system based on AI adopts the B/S model and the database
adopts the relevant database. In addition, the most significant feature of the B/S model
is that the client can access the system anywhere via the browser. In a simple way,
users access the system in the form of a web browser on the browser. The client's
back-end server is Tomcats and the database is MySQL. They are on different hard-
ware servers, respectively. The client browser can access the system and send out data
and page requests. The server handles page request and sometimes involves data in-
formation in the database. The Web server needs to further access the database server
where the system database system is located. The Web server returns the processed
data information to the client and sends the data results with static pages to the brows-
er to interpret and execute, and complete the operation of a business access logic. This
structure is suitable for information query. The interface is user-friendly, and the
overall requirement is simple. The difficulty of developing software using JavaEE
technology is moderate. Besides, the cost of maintenance and extension is low, and
the cross-platform operation is good. The software environment of the system devel-
opment is shown in table 1.

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Table 1. The software environment of the system development

Item Item2 Item3
Operating system Windows 7 Ultimate
Development language Java Up-to-date
Integrated environment for project development My Eclipse 8.0
The development environment of static page Dreamweaver 8.0
Database core server MySQL 5.5
Database interface management tool MySQL Tool Kit 5.1
The server Apache Tomcat 6.0
Struts structure Struts 21.6
Spring structure Spring 3.0
Hibernate structure Hibernate 3.13

4.2 System function realization

After the system requirements analysis and database structure design are complet-
ed, the system is designed in detail. According to the previous needs analysis, it is
known that the teaching system is composed of many functional modules. Among
them, the more important functions include login and verification module, online chat
room module, network forum module, online job system, and backstage management
module. With the increasing popularity of network teaching, more and more schools
have begun to use the new and modern network teaching method. Therefore, a teach-
ing system must have the above functions. These functions reflect the convenience
and rapidity of the network teaching.
In the above subsystem, each system has its own unique system interface, and the
operation is more user-friendly. Each system has its own unique functions. Therefore,
they do not affect each other, but at the same time they are closely related to the con-
cept of network teaching. The next part of this section is a detailed description of the
design of these functional modules.
Login and validation module: User login is used to verify user's username, pass-
word, and user rights. Then, it determines the user's operation to the system resources,
such as doing online operation. In fact, for network teaching, users can browse the
course profile and the news bulletin without login. Users only need to log in if they
are learning, teaching, arranging, doing online work, or when administrators need to
manage website and user information through the system.
Learning navigation module: For keyword navigation, the user should first estab-
lish a database connection. User needs to open and read the database, use the SQL
database query statement to do the relevant conditions and restrict query until the
error prompt page does not appear. Multi-layer information classification supports
multiple retrieval methods. The retrieval method is fast and effective and supports a
variety of syntax search. For logic and fuzzy search, different search ranges can be
limited, and the contents, categories and levels can be queried in different ways.
Backstage management module: The administrator entered the backstage manage-
ment page after the successful login. The backstage mainly includes four management

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Paper—Guide Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence

modules, respectively knowledge point management, professional terminology man-

agement, material management and directory management.

4.3 System test

System analysis process: When developing the system, the software lifecycle, the
whole system and each sub module function will have an error, and there will also be
many other problems, such as the complexity problem that the code is written by
many members. In general, the more errors there are in the system, the more errors
will be found in the software. On the premise of ensuring the reliability of the soft-
ware, a full analysis of the system is carried out, including how to find and correct the
problems through technical review. Software testing should be carried out in strict
accordance with the steps shown in figure 6. The general subsystem is composed of
different modules, and then multiple subsystems are made up of software. Each step
in the test is a continuation of the previous step. One step can also be tested in multi-
ple jobs at the same time. The following is an introduction to the related tests.

Requirements
System test
specification

Overview design Integration test

Diagnostic model Unit test

Encode

Fig. 6. Basic step diagram of software test

Test result: In the process of software development, the first step is to make re-
quirement analysis, detailed and outline design, testing, maintenance, and coding. If
the customer has a clear requirement, a detailed and summary design is carried out,
and then the code is encoded. Secondly, the system tests such as security, compatibil-
ity, feasibility and client pressure tolerance are carried out. If the test is unmistakable,
it will be delivered to the user. Finally, in order to facilitate the later maintenance of
the system, the test results are recorded after the system is tested. The relevant materi-
al is filled out, and handed over to the programmer. The programmer puts forward
relevant and effective suggestions.
When the system is tested, the pressure testing software WebCT is selected. The
software can test the pressure of the system to ensure the server's load limit and the

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customer's related requirements. Such a test ensures the normal work of the server and
the client. The data effect of the client page shows that the system can meet the cus-
tomer's requirements at the beginning of the design. A large number of data and stu-
dents test show that the system has strong robustness and stability, and can realize the
function of local artificial intelligence in guide teaching.

4.4 Teaching effect

In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the guide teaching system
proposed in this paper, we design the teaching system based on artificial intelligence
and traditional teaching system for two classes respectively in class 1 and class 2.
After the class is over, the students are investigated. The results of the investigation
are shown in figure 7.

Class 1
Class 2

80

60
Percentage (%)

40

20

0
Class interaction Course interest Great score

Fig. 7. Comparison diagram of teaching effect

As shown in figure 7, the class 1 that adopts the AI teaching system proposed in
this paper is better than the class 2 that adopts the traditional teaching system. Stu-
dents are more interested in the guide courses. They have more interaction with the
teachers, and the results are more beneficial. As a result, the guided teaching system
based on AI in this study is feasible and has good teaching effect.

5 Conclusions

The software system combined Java and AI language Prolog is used to achieve the
guide teaching system based on artificial intelligence (AI). At the same time, the

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Paper—Guide Teaching System Based on Artificial Intelligence

Struts+Spring+Hibernate lightweight JavaEE framework was built. The purpose was

to help students improve their learning effect. Finally, the system was tested. Accord-
ing to the test result, the following conclusions are drawn:
First, AI is a science that studies the laws of human intelligence. The principle,
characteristics and application fields of artificial intelligence are introduced.
Second, the problems faced by the present guide teaching are analyzed and the re-
alization scheme of guide teaching system based on artificial intelligence technology
is put forward. The system uses the NET three-layer structure system based on the
B/S model and has good reliability and maintenance extensibility.
Third, combined with the teaching of tour guide course, the function of guide
teaching system is more sound and user-friendly. In addition, this paper mainly stud-
ies and realizes the teaching system of tour guide, which is a structure based on SSH.
The related technologies, system function design, system requirements and database
design of the system are carefully analyzed, and the specific implementation methods
of each sub module are studied.
Fourth, the guide teaching system in campus network is expounded, and a concrete
method is adopted. It has the characteristics that the traditional learning system fails
to, including the pertinent learning strategies, take the forgetting curve of the human
brain into consideration, and review the knowledge periodically. In addition, com-
bined with the commonly used methods and basic steps in software testing, the exist-
ing hardware and software systems are tested until the tested system meets the overall
goals.

6 References
[1] Pantic, M., Zwitserloot, R., &Grootjans, R. Teaching introductory artificial intelligence us-
ing a simple agent framework. IEEE Transactions on Education. 20017, vol. 48(3), pp.
382-390.
[2] Hendrawan, Y., Riza, D. F. A., &Murase, H. Applications of intelligent machine vision in
plant factory. IFAC Proceedings Volumes. 2014, vol. 47(3), pp. 8122-8127.
https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.01099
[3] Hilles, M. M., & Naser, S. S. A. Knowledge-based intelligent tutoring system for teaching
mongo database. European Academic Research. 2017, vol. 4(10), pp. 8783-8794.
[4] Hooshyar, D., Ahmad, R. B., Yousefi, M., Yusop, F. D., &Horng, S. J. A flowchart-based
intelligent tutoring system for improving problem-solving skills of novice programmers.
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 2015, vol. 31(4), pp. 345–361.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12099
[5] Sullins, J., Craig, S. D., & Hu, X. Exploring the effectiveness of a novel feedback mecha-
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2015, vol. 10(3), pp. 220-236. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLT.2015.072358
[6] Bridge, J. P., Holden, S. B., & Paulson, L. C. Machine learning for first-order theorem
proving. Journal of Automated Reasoning. 2014, vol. 53(2), pp. 141-172.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10817-014-9301-5
[7] Sanjika, H., & Stephan, V. Extracting parallel phrases from comparable data for machine
translation, â. Natural Language Engineering. 2016, vol. 22(4), pp. 549-573.
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[8] Melo, F. V. S., & Silveira, D. S. D. The blind can 'see' tourist destinations in the internet
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[10] Roll, I., Aleven, V., Mclaren, B. M., & Koedinger, K. R. Improving students’ help-seeking
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tion. 2011, vol. 21(2), pp. 267-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2010.07.004

7 Author

Dali Luo, Chongqing vocational institute of engineering financial institute of trade,

Chongqing, China. Interest in research is finance and trade.

Article submitted 06 April 2018. Resubmitted 15 May 2018. Final acceptance 03 June 2018. Final ver-
sion published as submitted by the authors.

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