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Active and passive safety systems help protect automobile occupants from harm. Passive systems like airbags and seatbelts activate automatically during a collision. Airbags use impact sensors and an electronic control module to deploy quickly in a crash. Seatbelts restrain occupants and reduce injury by preventing impact with the vehicle interior or other passengers. Active systems avoid accidents, for example through safety features that help drivers maintain control of the vehicle. Common active systems include anti-lock brakes and stability control. Passive safety glass and energy-absorbing bumpers also help minimize injury or damage from collisions.

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33 views

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Active and passive safety systems help protect automobile occupants from harm. Passive systems like airbags and seatbelts activate automatically during a collision. Airbags use impact sensors and an electronic control module to deploy quickly in a crash. Seatbelts restrain occupants and reduce injury by preventing impact with the vehicle interior or other passengers. Active systems avoid accidents, for example through safety features that help drivers maintain control of the vehicle. Common active systems include anti-lock brakes and stability control. Passive safety glass and energy-absorbing bumpers also help minimize injury or damage from collisions.

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tinu k joy
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Session 11: Active and Passive Safety There are different safety and security systems for automobiles

available in the market and some of which are fitted by the manufacturer. Some of the active and
passive security systems are mentioned as follows. Safety Glass Safety glass is used in all windows and
doors of automotives. The safety glass used in today’s vehicles is of two types—laminated and
tempered. These are considered as safety glass because of their varying strength. Unit 3.indd 94 13-Mar-
19 3:07:57 PM Major Systems and Components of an Automobile 95 Laminated plate glass is used to
make windshields. It consists of two thin sheets of glass with a thin layer of clear plastic between them.
Some glass manufacturers increase the thickness of the plastic material for better strength. When this
type of glass breaks, the plastic material tends to hold the shattered glass in place and thus, prevents it
from causing injury. Tempered glass is used for side and rear window glass but rarely for windshields. It
is a single piece of heat-treated glass and has more resistance to impact than the regular glass of the
same thickness. Thus, it has greater strength compared to a laminated plate glass. Seat belts A seat belt
is also called a safety belt. It is a harness designed to protect the occupant of a vehicle from harmful
movement, during a collision or when the vehicle stops suddenly. A seat belt (Fig. 3.39) reduces the
likelihood and severity of injury in a traffic collision. It prevents the vehicle occupant from hitting hard
against the interior elements of the vehicle or other passengers, and keeps the occupants positioned in
place for maximum benefit from the airbag. The passenger must fasten the seat belt for crash
protection. However, in case of a passive safety system, such as the inflation of air bags at the time of an
accident, is automatic. No action is required of the occupant to make it functional. Nowadays, seat belts
are also provided for rear seat occupants. Airbags An airbag (Fig. 3.40) is one of the passive safety
systems for the occupants of a fourwheeler. The electrical system of airbags includes impact sensors and
an electronic control module. In case of an accident, the sensor detects the impact and the airbag opens
up to save the driver and other occupants. Fig. 3.39: Seat belt Fig. 3.40: Air bags Unit 3.indd 95 13-Mar-
19 3:07:57 PM Automotive Service Technician – Class IX 96 Energy-absorber Safety Bumpers Modern
bumpers are designed to absorb the energy of a low-speed impact, minimising the shock directed to the
frame and to the occupants of the vehicle. Most energy absorbers are mounted between the bumper
face bar or bumper reinforcement bar and the frame. Security Devices There are three basic types of
security devices available — locking devices, disabling devices and alarm systems. In automobile vehicle,
an anti-theft system or device is installed to prevent theft of a vehicle. Many car security devices are
available in the market. These are mechanical devices and ignition cut off devices, intelligent
computerised anti-theft devices, satellite tracking system, engine control module, etc. Vehicle owners
may select as per risk and install it in their vehicles. Prior to purchasing, the customers should check that
these theft devices are duly approved from the Automobile Research Association of India (ARAI).
Important features of these devices are explained below. • Alarm: In the case of vehicle tampering,
audible warning sounds emerge • Keyless Lock Device: To use the vehicle, electronic coding device is
required • Electronic Immobilisers: These built-in transponders send signals to the ignition and fuel
pump system. The vehicle remains in stationary or inoperable state if the ignition starters do not get
correct signals. • Steering Wheel Lock: This device is fitted in the steering of the vehicle and it locks it in
one place so that no one can drive it without removing the lock. • Vehicle Tracking: Even if a thief steals
a vehicle, the tracking technologies can help trace it. Tracking devices offer real-time location of the
stolen vehicle with the help of the global positioning system (GPS). Unit 3.indd 96 13-Mar-19 3:07:57 PM
Major Systems and Components of an Automobile 97 Practical ExercisesCheck Your Progress A. Fill in
the blanks 1. Air bags are used for ___________. 2. Seat belt is also known as a __________ belt. 3.
Passive safety system helps __________. 4. Active safety system is used for avoiding _______________.
B. Multiple choice questions 1. Which types of anti-theft devices are available in a vehicle? (a) Locking
devices (b) Disabling devices (c) Alarm systems (d) All of the above 2. Tempered glass is used for
____________________. (a) side and rear window glass (b) auto window and door (c) head light (d) All
of the above 3. Which of these safety systems are operated automatically? (a) Passive safety system (b)
Active safety system (c) Energy-absorber safety (d) None of the above 4. Impact sensors are used in
___________________________. (a) electrical system (b) mechanical system (c) auto-mechanical
system (d) None of the above C. Short answer question 1. Discuss the components of the active and
passive safety system.

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