Adverbs Merged
Adverbs Merged
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Adverb: An adverb is a word or phrase that is used to modify a verb, adjective, or another
adverb. Sometimes an adverb is used to modify a conjunction, preposition, or infinitive verb.
Most (but not all) adverbs end in “ly”.
In this example, “quickly” is an adverb because it is used to modify the verb “jumped”.
In this example, “very” is an adverb because it is used to modify the adjective “smart”.
In this example, “just” is an adverb because it is used to modify the conjunction “after”.
In this example, “usually” is a (frequency) adverb because it is used to modify the verb “does”.
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Conjunction: A conjunction is a word or phrase that shows the relationship between two
words, phrases, or clauses of equal rank. The relationship may give information about
time, reason, agreement/disagreement, or order of events.
Directions: Now make your own sentences below. Try to use conjunctions.
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2) _____________________________________________________________________
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Introduction to Conjunctions
Answers:
6) I need milk, eggs, towels, and oranges from the grocery store.
10) I practice English often, for that is the best way to learn.
12) I know my mission is almost impossible, nevertheless I will try my best to accomplish it.
15) Either John or I will help you study for the test.
20) Rather than wait outside in the rain, we should wait inside their house.
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Coordinating Conjunctions
Above is a list of the coordinating conjunctions. These are used to join two items/clauses
of equal importance.
“and” (+) and “nor” (-) are used to show an agreement between items/clauses.
“yet”, and “but” are used to show a disagreement between clauses.
“for” and “so” are used to show a reason between clauses.
“or” is used to show agreement or disagreement between items/clauses.
These clauses are separated by a comma and the conjunction “but” which is used to
show disagreement.
Directions: Circle each independent clause in the sentences below (Some sentences may
only have one). Next, say whether the conjunction is used to show an agreement,
disagreement, or reason.
Directions: try to fill in the blanks using the appropriate conjunction. Use commas if
necessary.
2. The old man doesn’t have much money _____ he always seems to have nice things.
5. He wasn’t a popular king _____ all of his country men hated him.
Directions: Now practice creating your own sentences using the conjunctions list above.
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2. ______________________________________________________________________
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Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together to coordinate two
items.
The correlative conjunction “Both” is used to coordinate the item “my sister”, while the
Directions: try to fill in the blanks using the appropriate conjunction. Use
commas where necessary.
Demonstrative Pronouns
• A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a proper or common noun. They make
sentences shorter and easier to say.
• A demonstrative pronoun is a word that takes the place of particular objects or
people. Here is a list of common demonstrative pronouns:
Read the conversations below to get an idea about how demonstrative pronouns are used:
Anna: Could you give me that pencil on the table over there?
Li: Do you mean this pencil here?
Anna: Yes, that pencil.
Li: Here you are. Oh, could you give me those pens on the table over there?
Anna: These? Sure, here you are.
This: The pronoun “this” is used to refer to a singular object which is near the speaker (or here).
In this example, the pronoun “This” takes the place of an object which is near the speaker (or here).
This particular object may be a strawberry in the hand of the speaker, for example.
In this example, the pronoun “This” takes the place of an object which is near the speaker (or here).
The object which the word “This” takes the place of may be a toy in the hand of the speaker, for
example.
Directions: Try to make your own sentence using the pronoun “This”.
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That: The pronoun “that” is used to refer to a singular object which is far from the
speaker (or there).
In this example, the pronoun “That” takes the place of an object which is far from the
speaker (or there). This particular object may be star in the sky, for example.
Directions: Try to make your own sentence using the pronoun “That”.
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These: The pronoun “these” is used to refer to more than one object which is near the
speaker (or here).
In this example, the pronoun “These” takes the place of objects which are near the
speaker (or here). These particular objects may be 20 pound weights in hands of the
speaker, for example.
In this example, the pronoun “these” takes the place of objects which are near the speaker
(or here). These particular objects may be diamonds in hands of the speaker, for example.
Directions: Try to make your own sentences using the pronoun “These”.
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Those: The pronoun “those” is used to refer to more than one object which is far from
the speaker (or there).
In this example, the pronoun “Those” takes the place of an object which is far from the
speaker (or there). These particular objects may be clowns in a circus, for example.
In this example, the pronoun “those” takes the place of more than one object which is far
from the speaker (or there). The object which the word “those” takes the place of may be
chocolate candies on a store shelf which is far from the speaker, for example.
Directions: Try to make your own sentence using the pronoun “Those”.
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Here: The pronoun “here” is used to refer to a location near the speaker.
Example: Here are the keys.
In this example, the pronoun “Here” takes the place of a location which is near the
speaker. This particular location may be on a table close to the speaker, for example.
Example: Please come here.
In this example, the pronoun “here” takes the place of location which is near the speaker.
The location which the word “here” takes the place of may be on top of a hill which the
speaker is standing on, for example.
Directions: Try to make your own sentence using the pronoun “Here”.
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There: The pronoun “there” is used to refer to a location far from the speaker.
Example: There is my car.
In this example, the pronoun “There” takes the place of a location which is far from the
speaker. This particular location may be in the school parking lot, for example.
In this example, the pronoun “there” takes the place of location which is far from the
speaker. The location which the word “there” takes the place of may be the moon, for
example.
Directions: Try to make your own sentence using the pronoun “There”.
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Directions: Now try to use what you have learned about pronouns to fill in the empty
spaces below.
I went to the grocery store in search of chocolate candies. After looking for
awhile, I realized that _________ were no candies in the places I was looking. So, I
decided to ask the manager of the store where I could find some. I approached the
manager and said, “Hi. I’m looking for some candies. Can you help me?” The manager
looked at me and asked, “Well, have you looked over ________?” he said, pointing to the
other end of the store. “No”, I replied. “But I have looked on ________ aisles here, and I
found nothing.” “Oh no!” said the man. “We don’t sell those candies on these isles
________! We sell chocolate way over ________!” The manager and I looked at each
other and started walking to the opposite end of the store. Finally, we reached the candy
section. “Okay”, the manager said, pointing to the candies on the shelf. “We have
strawberry, chocolate, and vanilla candies. Which kind were you looking for?” Well, first
I wanted some of _________,” I said, pointing to the chocolate candies far up on the top
of the shelf. “But now I think I’ll try some of _________ here”, I said, and grabbed a
handful of vanilla candies. “Thanks for the help” I said, and started walking out the door.
“Hey!” the man yelled. “Are you going to pay for _________!?”
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Frequency Adverbs
1. Adverbs of frequency tell how often something happens.
2. Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb if the main verb is not “to be.”
3. Adverbs of frequency come after the verb “to be.” (am, is, are, was, were)
Here is a chart of frequency adverbs. The percentages show approximately how often
something happens.
Always 100%
Almost always 95–99%
Usually 90–99%
Frequently 80–90%
Often 60–80%
Sometimes 50%
Occasionally 30–40%
Seldom 5–10%
Rarely 1–10%
Almost never 1–5%
Never 0%
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3. Our neighbor’s son goes to football practice after school. (95–99%)
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4. My mom leaves her keys on the kitchen table. (80-90%)
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5. The baby is hungry when he wakes up. (100%)
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6. The planes take off on time. (90–99%)
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7. The school bus is here by 7:30 a.m. (5–10%)
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8. I go shopping after work. (30–40%)
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9. The kids are ready when the school bus arrives. (1–10%)
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9. The kids are ready when the school bus arrives. (1–10%)
The kids are rarely ready when the school bus arrives.
In this example, the word “Wait” is an interjection because it expresses a command and
has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence.
In this example, the word “Great” is an interjection because it expresses a strong feeling
and has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence.
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2) _____________________________________________________________________
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Pronoun: A pronoun is a word that is used to take the place of a noun. They make
sentences shorter and easier to say.
In this example, the word “She” is a pronoun because it takes the place of a person (Jane).
1) He is on the telephone.
2) We live in Spain.
3) It is on fire!
1) _____________________________________________________________________
2) _____________________________________________________________________
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Introduction to Pronouns
Answers:
1) He is on the telephone.
2) We live in Spain.
3) It is on fire!
Subjective Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that is used to take the place of a noun. They make sentences
shorter and easier to say.
A personal pronoun is a word that takes the place of names of people or things.
Here is a list of personal pronouns:
Read the conversations below to get an idea about how personal pronouns are used:
Bob: I am tired.
Kenna: Do you want to take a nap?
Bob: Yes, that would be nice.
Kenna: I will get a pillow for you.
Bob: Thank you.
In this example, the pronoun “I” takes the place of the speaker.
Directions: try to make your own sentences using the pronoun “I”.
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2) __________________________________________________________________
In this example, the pronoun “We” takes the place of the speaker and one or more other
people.
Directions: try to make your own sentences using the pronoun “We”.
1) __________________________________________________________________
2) __________________________________________________________________
You: The pronoun “you” is used to refer to a second-person singular or plural noun.
Example: I will go with you at noon.
In this example, the pronoun “you” takes the place of one or more other people that the
speaker is referring to directly.
Directions: try to make your own sentences using the pronoun “you”.
1) __________________________________________________________________
2) __________________________________________________________________
He: The pronoun “he” is used to refer to a third-person singular living male noun.
Example: He is my cousin.
In this example, the pronoun “he” takes the place of a single living male that the speaker
is referring to indirectly.
Directions: try to make your own sentences using the pronoun “he”.
3) __________________________________________________________________
4) __________________________________________________________________
She: The pronoun “she” is used to refer to a third-person singular living female noun.
Example: Does she know what time it is?
In this example, the pronoun “she” takes the place of a single living female that the
speaker is referring to indirectly.
Directions: try to make your own sentences using the pronoun “she”.
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6) __________________________________________________________________
In this example, the pronoun “it” takes the place of a single non-living noun.
Directions: try to make your own sentences using the pronoun “it”.
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8) __________________________________________________________________
They: The pronoun “they” is used to refer to the third-person plural noun.
Example: They are going to the beach this weekend.
In this example, the pronoun “They” takes the place of one or more living people that the
speaker is referring to indirectly.
Directions: try to make your own sentences using the pronoun “they”.
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10) __________________________________________________________________
Directions: now try to use what you have learned about pronouns to fill in the empty
spaces below.
__ want to tell ___ a story about my cat Moses. ___ is a female who is six years old. Her
fur is black and white. Everyday, when I come home from work, ___ always comes to
greet me at the door. Then, ____ watch television together. Her favorite show is called
“Cats of the World.” ___ is a show about all of the different kinds of cats in the world.
The people who make the show must be very smart because _____ know everything
about cats.
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Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a dependent clause (incomplete thought) to
an independent clause.
The subordinating conjunction “when” is used to join the dependent clause to the
independent clause.
Directions: please fill in the blanks using the appropriate conjunction. Use
commas where necessary.
4. ___________ _____ kill living animals for food, I am going to become a vegetarian.
14. We got to the scene of the crime right _______ the robbers ran away.
15. ___ we can’t find work here, we’ll have to move to a place ________ we can.
17. __________________ you finish eating your vegetables, you may eat cake.
18. ____________ ____ complain about not being able to do the things I want, I will
work to achieve my dreams.
19. ______ ____________ it is cold out, I’m not going to wear my jacket.
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2. ______________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________________
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Verb: A verb is a word used to express an action or a state of being. A verb may be
more than one word (when it includes helping verbs or auxiliaries). This is called a verb
phrase.
In this example, the word “is” is a verb because it expresses a state of being.
In this example, the words “should not be feeding” are a verb phrase because they include
helping verbs or auxiliaries.
Directions: Underline the verbs (or verb phrases) in the following sentences.
6) The first car couldn’t have avoided hitting the second car.
1) _____________________________________________________________________
2) _____________________________________________________________________
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Introduction to Verbs
Answers:
6) The first car couldn’t have avoided hitting the second car.