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04-Lecture 4

The document discusses Laplace transform analysis for linear circuits. It provides the definitions and properties of the Laplace transform and inverse Laplace transform. Examples are given to demonstrate using partial fractions to find the inverse Laplace transform of functions. The document also shows applications of using Laplace transforms to analyze circuits, such as finding the output current or voltage given the input. Additional practice problems are suggested.

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Ahmad Al-Shorman
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views

04-Lecture 4

The document discusses Laplace transform analysis for linear circuits. It provides the definitions and properties of the Laplace transform and inverse Laplace transform. Examples are given to demonstrate using partial fractions to find the inverse Laplace transform of functions. The document also shows applications of using Laplace transforms to analyze circuits, such as finding the output current or voltage given the input. Additional practice problems are suggested.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Al-Shorman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Circuit Analysis II

EECE 202
Laplace Transform Analysis

Input Signal Circuit Output Signal

Laplace Transform (LT) of


LT of Input Signal LT of Output Signal
Circuit
Inverse Laplace Transform

The inverse Laplace Transform of a Signal, a Function, or an Excitation is given by:

−𝟏 𝟏 𝒈 𝒔𝒕
f 𝒕 =𝑳 𝑭 𝒔 = Γ
𝑭(𝒔)𝒆 𝒅𝒔
𝟐𝝅𝒋

Γ =σ1+ jω (is the particular path in a complex plane)


j= −1
ω ranges from -∞ to +∞
σ1 is a real number
Example 1
Determine the inverse Laplace transform of each of the following functions:

Answer
Example 2
𝟐𝟎𝒔𝟐 +𝟑𝟎𝒔+𝟐𝟎
Find f (t ) when F (s)=
𝒔(𝒔+𝟐)

Step 1. Use partial fraction 20𝑠 2 +30𝑠+20 𝐴 𝐵


= K+ +
𝑠(𝑠+2) 𝑠 (𝑠+2)

Step 2. Determine K.

20𝑠 2 + 30𝑠 + 20 𝐴 𝐵
lim = lim K+ + K = 20
𝑠→∞ 𝑠 𝑠+2 𝑠→∞ 𝑠 (𝑠 + 2)
Step 3. Determine A

20𝑠 2 + 30𝑠 + 20
𝐴= s=0 A = 10
𝑠+2
Step 4. Determine B

20𝑠 2 + 30𝑠 + 20
𝐵= s=−2 B = -20
𝑠
Step 5. Obtain f(t) from F(s) “apply inverse Laplace transform”

20𝑠 2 +30𝑠+20 10 20
F(s) = = 20+ −
𝑠(𝑠+2) 𝑠 (𝑠+2)

−2t
f(t) = 20δ(t)+10u t − 20e u(t)
Exercise (p. 571)
𝟐𝒔𝟒 +𝟐𝒔𝟑 +𝟑𝒔𝟐 +𝟑𝒔+𝟐
Find f (t ) when F (s)=
𝒔𝟐 𝒔+𝟏 𝟐

Step 1. Use partial fraction

2𝑠 4 +2𝑠 3 +3𝑠2 +3𝑠+2 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷


2 =K+ + 2 + + Eq(1)
𝑠 𝑠+1 2
𝑠 𝑠 (𝑠+1) (𝑠+1)2

Step 2. Determine K.

2𝑠 4 +2𝑠 3 +3𝑠2 +3𝑠+2


𝐾= lim ( 2 2 )=2
𝑠→∞ 𝑠 𝑠+1
Step 3. Determine B
2𝑠 4 +2𝑠 3 +3𝑠 2 +3𝑠+2
B= [ 𝑠2( 2 2 )]𝑠=0 =2
𝑠 𝑠+1

Step 4. Determine D

2𝑠 4 +2𝑠 3 +3𝑠 2 +3𝑠+2


D= [(𝑠 + 1)2 ( 2 2 )]𝑠=−1 =2
𝑠 𝑠+1

Step 5. Determine A and C

We need to make 2 equations with 2 unknowns (A and C) using Eq(1)


Use s = 1 in Eq(1)
2×14 +2×13 +3×12 +3×1+2 𝐴 2 𝐶 2
2 =2+ + 2 + +
1 1+1 2
1 1 (1+1) (1+1)2

A+0.5C=-1.5 ………(1)

Use s = -2 in Eq(1)
2×−24 +2×−23 +3×−22 +3×−2+2 𝐴 2 𝐶 2
=2+ + + +
−22 −2+1 2 −2 −22 (−2+1) (−2+1)2

0.5A+C=-1.5 ………(2)
By solving both equations, A=-1 and C=-1
Step 6. Obtain f(t) from F(s) “apply inverse Laplace transform”

2𝑠 4 +2𝑠 3 +3𝑠2 +3𝑠+2 1 2 1 2


F(s)= 2 =2 − + − +
𝑠 𝑠+1 2
𝑠 𝑠2 (𝑠+1) (𝑠+1)2

−𝑡 −𝑡
f(t) = 2δ(t)-u t + 2r t − 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 + 2𝑒 𝑟 𝑡
Reminder Series Resistors and Voltage division
I I
Ohm’s law: R1 R2 Req  R1  R2
+ V1 - + V2 - +
V1  I R1 and V2  I R2
VS VS VS Req
_
KVL:

Vs  V1  V2 The equivalent resistance of any number of resistors connected in


series is the sum of the individual resistances.
Vs  IR1  IR2
R1
Vs  I(R1  R2 ) Vs  I(R1  R2 ) V1  IR1  Vs
(R1  R2 )
Vs  I(Req ) I
Vs R2
V2  IR2  Vs
(R1  R2 ) (R1  R2 )
12
Reminder Parallel Resistors And Current Division
I I2
Ohm’s law: & I1
+ +
VS R1 V2 R2
V1
- -
KCL:
 1 1  VS  V1  V2
Ι  Ι1  Ι 2 I  VS   
 R1 R2  I

+
VS VS Req
Substitute
_

NOTE: This equation is only valid for


2 resistors connected in parallel
13
Circuit applications 1
𝟐𝒔𝟑 +𝟏𝟐𝒔𝟐 +𝟐𝟑𝒔+𝟏𝟕
Find i2(t) in the following circuit, where 𝑰𝒊𝒏 (𝒔) =
(𝒔+𝟏)(𝒔+𝟐)(𝒔+𝟒)

2𝑠 3 +12𝑠2 +23𝑠+17 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
=K+ + + 4
𝑠+1 𝑠+2 (𝑠+4) 𝑠+1 𝑠+2 𝑠+4 i2(t)= iin(t)
4+1

K=2, A=4/3, B=-1.5, C=-11/6

iin(t) = 2δ(t)+1.334𝑒 −𝑡 𝑢 𝑡 − 1.5𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑢 𝑡


11 −4𝑡
− 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡 𝐴
6
Circuit applications 2
Ex. 12-13 page 567
𝟐𝟒𝒔−𝟕𝟐
Find Vout(t) in the following circuit, where 𝑽𝒊𝒏 (𝒔) = 𝟐
𝒔 +𝟒𝒔+𝟒𝟎
𝟐𝟒𝒔 − 𝟕𝟐 𝟐𝟒(𝒔 − 𝟑)
𝑽𝒊𝒏 𝒔 = 𝟐 =
𝒔 + 𝟒𝒔 + 𝟒𝟎 (𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 8
Vout(t)= Vin(t)
8+2
𝒔 = −𝟐 ± 𝒋𝟔 𝒂 = 𝟐 ,𝒃 = 𝟔
𝟐𝟒(𝒔 − 𝟑) 𝟐𝟒(𝒔 + 𝟐 − 𝟐 − 𝟑)
𝑽𝒊𝒏 𝒔 = 𝟐
=
(𝒔 + 𝟐) +𝟔 𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐 +𝟔𝟐

𝟐𝟒([𝒔 + 𝟐] − 𝟓) 𝟐𝟒[𝒔 + 𝟐] 𝟐𝟒(𝟓)


= 𝟐
= 𝟐
−
(𝒔 + 𝟐) +𝟔 𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟐) +𝟔 𝟐 (𝒔 + 𝟐)𝟐 +𝟔𝟐
𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟓 −𝟐𝒕
𝒗𝒊𝒏 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟒𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔𝒕 𝒖 𝒕 − 𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝒕 𝒖 𝒕 𝑽
𝟔
Practicing problems
Find f(t) of the following functions
2𝑠+16
A) 𝐹 𝑠 =
𝑠 2 +16

2𝑠 2 +88𝑠
B) 𝐹 𝑠 =
(𝑠+4)(𝑠 2 +64)

2𝑠 3 +12𝑠 2 +22𝑠+8
C) 𝐹 𝑠 =
(𝑠 2 +2𝑠+1)(𝑠+2)
Suggested Additional Problems for Ch. 12:

Example 12.13 (p. 567), 12.15 (p. 570),


Exercises (p. 575), ?

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