Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannermanufacturers at = affordable prices. | 3: Project Schedule [Less tine for L construction. 4. Strength & Still might melt in Security some time and hence | safe optic experts feel that buildings structural street getting affe works cannot stand a | fire or from chance. One does have to contact people who | too. can implement fire protection insulation and spray treatment of flame-retardant coatings can help keep the steel unaffected by any sort of fire or explosion. A short summary of the differences between Structural Steel and Reinforced Concrete: -PROSTOF "REINFORCED CONCRETE: compared to steel, wood, etc. It is moldable and flexible enough to shape with molding types. Cost effective construction material. Comparatively expensive option. When compared to steel, concrete has low compressive Scanned with CamScanner“Structural steel components can be created while concrete cannot be used. [ASTM designation] Types of stec! Nin, Yield pesos [carbon | 2407 ee ae Carbon. 230 414-580 High Strength 276-345 14-484 Low Alloy High Strength 230-450 Ta 484 Low Alloy Rtnospheric 230-345 435-464 Corrosion- Resistant high- Strength low alloy ‘Atmospheric 230-345 435-464 Corrosion- Resistant high- Strength low alloy Quenched and 184 "84-622 tempered low alloy Quenched and 22-630 tempered low Scanned with CamScannerTypical W shape d = deep of beam br= width of flange te = thickness of flange ty = thickness of wel 2.5 Shapes These shapes were formerly called I beams and American Standar beans. The difference between W and § shapes are: > The flange width of S Shape is narrower than W shape. >} The inner face of the flange of the § shape has a slope of 16.7 degree. Scanned with CamScanner5. Ne-Shapes” These were formerly called ship building or miscellaneous channels and are not classified as C Shapes. 6. Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannersupports and it is considered fixed beams if its attached to other members so that a moment can be transmit the connection. WOIEE - these are closely spaced beams supporting the fl roofs of buildings. TAMESIS - are beams over openings in masonry walls such as windows and doors. Spandrel beams - these beams support the exterior walls of the building. ‘Eiger beats - these are larger beams found in many bridges perpendicular to the roadway of the bridge and they are used to. transfer the floor loads from stringers to the supporting girders: or trusses. Stringers - these are beams in the floor of bridges which are running parallel to the roadway. SEEGEE - these are large beams into which smaller beams are framed. If a beam in subjected to a bending moment, the stress maybe computed) using the flexural formula fb=“f. when the stresses are within the limit of the material, the procedure is called elastic design or allowable stress design (ASD). soa" Equation 7.2.1 Scanned with CamScanneric assumptions, that a plane section before ber lane section after bending, and the stress is proport: Equation 7.3.1 A compact section is one that satisfy the following conditions 1. Its flanges must be continuously connected to the web. 2. The section must have the following flange width-thickness ratio of its compression elements. Equation 7.3.3 4. The laterally unsupported length of the compression | does not exceed the value of L.. Where L. is the of 1; or In. ‘4 Scanned with CamScannerDescription of Element GeiaoencctaCoshared welded: baintin flexure fodeseancingcieqs cf pairs Of angies in continuous angles or plates projecting from rolled beans ners on place firders, Built-up Compression members; compression plate girders E ah —_ fUnstiffened elenents simply supported = lsuch a= legs or single-engle struts, le jangle strute with separators and Jcross section, pte Flanges of square and Yectangular box and hollow jstructural sections of uniform thickness subjec es and or welds fUnsupported width of cover plates perforated with Jsuccession along a: fiAil other uniformly compressed stiffened ele Scanned with CamScannerDescription of Element lenges of T-shaped rolled beans snd channels In fleware (Flanges of T-shaped welded beans in f ke (Outstanding legs of pairs of angles in continuous a contact; angles or plates projecting from rolled beans 250/\Ey fangles or plates projecting from girders, bail colunne or other compression members; compre 250/VEY/ike SEAR, 200/VFy langle struts with separators and cross cross section Flanges of equare and rectangular bi € uniform thick e2s/iey Unsupported width of cover plates perforati 2 asa7iry lsuccession along access noles TALL other uniformly compressed supported along two eds: be in combined flewural and ax a (Circular hollow sections Tn TE Scanned with CamScannerFor built up members meeting the requirements of compact section bending about the strong axis except that their flanges are non- compact and their webs are compact or non-compact (excluding hybri girders and members with yield points greater than 448 Mpa) the allowable stress is. Equation 7.7.2 For members with a non-compact section bending about the strong [but not included in equation 7.6.1 and equation 7.7.2 and 1 Scanned with CamScannerEquation 7.10.1 e and tubular flexural members, bent about their Equation 7.11.1 et ac eee Por doubly symmetrical 1 and H-shaped nenbers bent abou thei axes (except members with yield points greater than 448 Mpa) with: compact flanges continuously connected to the web maybe designed the basis of an allowable stress of: Scanned with CamScannerWhen Tp > Le In < Ly mn 7.18.1 and of equi Equation 7.16.1 Bare] 055x206) Equation 7.15.2 Scanned with CamScannerEquation 7.15.2 not apply to hybrid girders. Where: L = distance betw: s braced against twist or lateral displacements of the compression flange, in mm. For cantilevers braced against twist only at the support, L may conservatively be taken as the actual length. r, = radius of gyration plus 1/3 of the compression web area, taken about an ax of the web, in mm. b; = width compression flange in mm t, = thickness of compression flange in mm. Scanned with CamScannerOther Values of G, 4 When the bending moment at any point within unbraced lengtl than at both ends of this length C,=1.0 For member AB: Lateral supports only at A and B. G= 1.0 a >t a For simply supported beams. C, = 1.0 Mow? For Cantilever beams. C)= 1.0 Scanned with CamScannerfAllowable bending stress for laterally unbraced beams 1. When unbraced length iy < Le: F:=0.66, (Compact) 3 2. When unbraced length 1 > l, but ly < bt Fra0.60F, (Non-Compact) 3. When unbraced length I, > L, but lL, > Iu: Fp is less than 0.60Fy, Check whether: Fosaocs 1 _ [isaac ke f ry co 22 ww i Scanned with CamScanner© 20292964)" | 192-204 (14-732)* @ =e F ArzEy. 4x5 aio amt fF -fe SE _ s comm a Tate) pen Ce) Ly fecwsante by is See Tea. awe /BE\as0Gy fom ces [a << trast > nacre fe = Maw = At7at60 41) Giny asa Gooo/zeeey ESF MPa + FRED SEDEIM . ca.aae Vary tov (40-74) Eee ree se worm + He cose Oe 4, we 2H iy ae 2-34 no ae ata) Tae a STH AE y-00q ta wED 40-74 couract vce He © OuUTY | Pes owe ry Foul (249) fee Wee Mina Scanned with CamScannerof beam = 204.76 N/m Area = 2658 mn® Depth(d) = 302.514 mm bf = 100.787 mm tf = 5.690 mm tw = 5.029 mm Sx = 242529 mm? 1, Compute the allowable bending stress of the beam if the support safely. 3. Compute the allowable bending stress if the compression flange has lateral support only at its ends and at midspan. Solution: top -767 = eee > £052 ee lc wou on) eee eiae Cre eau coma soe-14 rag 7 G01 Soa gur Ce Wem 1 commer) 28 ae7 2 wel (RAENALLy comrhcr) tee Lem -o mone J ra) Sian ari Fe = 446 Lo-14- 0000762 100.787 204-Te thn a Wwe Me © Scanned with CamScannerAe ue 7 A = 106-787 Corea) 44g 137400 Ag Ce: baa) , Mirae = fieSsz 0m at A= arn 4at mm te > acto an T= ta Ce-ea 000-767) + Be ceoeg)? = Te ave. 904 xjo%mm y Re = Zoom, at mS fe = N72 4 VE 2 een Ga3.em)? © 74 Mpa ee. oe aT Ee 28 Mien ct ME Foor. atc apa Scanned with CamScannert= 93 kg/m 248 MPa = 0.533 m 0.66 Fy = 10 m = 0.40F, = 0.000554 mn 1/360 of span = 200 GPa 1) Max flexural stress (safe or unsafe) 2) Max deflection of the beam 3) Which of the following statement is correct? ‘a. Inadequate for shear and deflection . Inadequate for bending and deflection c. The beam is adequate d. Inadequate for flexure only Solution: _asca'si) howe see FED a2 balm = fear? e 402.896 Ltn 402. Bate (1o)0-F33) 2 Ce-coerca Wises) 4 tol-ue Fe c-uury + wu C2aey FR W368 Mpa < tee 143. Wea [Pou | Le RPE UATE Nae: & Mowers bemeomon = b . 7 = ae mm A on a 7 men Snax > wt Sea El = Shen aa Xa.¢' 584 (aco occ) Co OOOECAY Scanned with CamScanner0 only at the y = 248 Npa. ‘of the following mostly nearly gives the mo! atest section that will limit the flexural stres: | value? Sections Weight us W 18 x 76 1108 N/m 23% W 21 x 62 911 N/m, 2300x: W 24 x 68 7000 N/m 2530x110) W 27 x 84 1234 N/m 3500x110) Solution: Mis 27884 Ceremony wereny = 254 H/m + #28460)" = atecsure | fe bra [220 woe /ssus30 oD 2a, os 2a $253k a2.a8q uae uit eeepc TEE 10% Ch 2A (2 - 24¢(uao0/ead? Ls ogee «GD Tae 28 Vn Scanned with CamScanner‘Ix = 222x10° mm' Sx = 1140x10" mn? tw= 9.9 mm 1. Compute the allowable bending stress of the beam. 2. Compute the value of the concentrated load P that the beam support safely. “Concentrated load located @ midspan. Solution: \ covmacr rest eee ay oe Faea) Pearce aaoa > ania * Huaice te we-coumer PeeNELLY covmact reer ae. eh, ow i i) 20 O Va4eb Ba ace wage Fe by L074 -o-cooms He se7 ] Seteroo Cora coeuter (20s) ae | Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner8; tw = 16.40 mm 357.8 mm tf = 30.20 mm 231, 008x107 mm rt = 94.49 nm 1291. 30x103 mnt Fy = 250 MPa 82.74 mm of the beam over unsupported length of? a. 4 meters b. 7 meters c. 12 meters 40 36.84) compact Le 200K 206 CaET4) y aco ba = terap0 Me ws7400(867-99 (00-28) a © 288 (30-4) = AcIC: eca min = 8437- Le = ater. ate mn Lt 8437-037 mm Mes A000 4 be = ater -ece Fer cuuey sows (20) = [se ara | be x qw0D > be © ater: eee te Toco 4 ly = B4aT wST fe > Owory = & up (em) Scanned with CamScanner(> Ne-cery cae 2 b = 172100 Ge Orey® 7 z Seo 82140 CLs Y¢90-28) Weoe Cre -4) fe ou ty Fo wpCsce) Fes 1S eg > AW7210000 Cawev/aagay 772-679 Mra Scanned with CamScannerFind the max allowable load P so that it will not allowable flexural stress. 2. Find the max allowable load P so that it will not exces allowable deflection of 1/360 of span. Uniformly distributed 5 Quarter points & s9Pi4 eset Ly + mobs _ 200204) Pe 200 aust. co30n CA v24e . Hee JeTMDAy _ fara00 (4OAUCUD . Sqn. asamm Wa 24 Ces be + 2454 sosmm > Ih = SOOO Lu o40): saa mm >be = S080 Scanned with CamScannerMaem + Mica Or tem +h ace, SAC 200 war erent) Ser 2 018 Ce G0004) 440200 ooo) CEt2 x10) Sp > arm? arcizy§(ioce)4 Cave cee) (canto) Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner2.1 For plate girders without tension field action 2.1.1 When —< ; the allowable shear on overall depth t: the web thickness, dtwis: Fm i the allowable shear stress on the clear distance between flanges times the web thickness, htwis: Where: ty = thickness of web, mm ‘a = clear distance between traverse stiffeners, mm h = clear distance between flanges at the section under investigation, mm h = a-2te d= overall depth of the beam, mm eS: a Scanned with CamScanner= maximum external shear at the section in question. I = moment of inertia of the entire section about the neutral ; b = width of the section where the unit shearing stress is desi Q = statistical moment of are of section lying outside, either the neutral axis. NOTES: Long beam - deflection Medium beam - flexural stress Short beam - shear two types Of Shéar acting on beam Tendency of the left section of the beam to slide upward with, respect to right section of the beam. Type of shear failure that do not occur in steel because web crippling will occur first before shear occur. f 5 Zo Gongitudinal Shear = The beams bends which cause changes in lengths of longits fibers where the lower fibers are stretched and the upp fibers are shortened while the fibers in the neutral not change in length. Due to these deformation: tendency for a particular fiber to slip on the Scanned with CamScannersupported “ feners spaced at 200 mm. Analyze nly using the provision of 2001 NSCP. Use Fy = traverse stiffeners may not be considered. 2. Determine the value of the allowable shear stress 3. Determine the maximum uniformly distributed load (in own weight) that the beam can carry. Solution: bo he de ane = 400 - 2000) ne re am re tt wr me ee > ga-o7s we te. w ® ce 0 pee ot. sare 2-84) Scanned with CamScannerWat aq 742.244 Mpg 4 D-Moly = ondvC 248) = 49-2 Ma Bere www 7 92. 244 CeTe)(12) BeV~ gear vt MS 2 6 20. 101) Ta FRB Un NOS 4e4e61 iain Scanned with CamScannerMaa 4 SECs os EID. s0-204 ws Mom st? so-eoacie)? a SRA 6 a0. 051 pe 2 Camu) > S70: 008 ein ee wt : BoM = ge + 20-8402) tec -con wn He tec) Ee 4200) das. ony = weCreDyC200 + wras (ae) B= troaaz mm® oo (0) SO.) Scanned with CamScannerBx I6-40C acd) Cue 3)+ Rev twl ace) (60° DF) = £29465-828 mm? fee NO me = S31-ns(e25449 +828) 262. 2x10" (4-0) a8 ee Scanned with CamScannerV = Shear force/ Maximum vertical shear Q= ar Maximum vertical shearing stress V = Shear force/ Maximum vertical shear Note: Maximum vertical shearing stress is numerically equal to horizontal shearing stress at the same point. Shear flow If the shearing stress fv is multiplied the width b, we obi quantity (q). known as shear flow which represents the — longitudinal force per unit length transmitted across the s at a given level. ‘ Scanned with CamScanneres E = 200 GPa Tx = 266 x 10° mmé roy Snax = 200 am 200 are —twcecw)s ‘984 (200) Cw*) Cee) Woy 22-101 Ku fn Madd = WEST? 29. wT - 12 Wave 7 14. 407 W/m Scanned with CamScannerae ermine the max. uniform load it cou ceed the allowable deflection cuit otal S10 (4000)4 Cr 284 (200 000) Goad 27) MW 40.427 w/m Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner‘the 1 d by standard formula (will only give the deflec am configurations and load cases at discrete locat is calculated using plate or shell theory. ‘An example of the use of deflection in this context is in building construction. Architects and engineers select materials for various | applications. The beams used for frame work are selected on the basi of deflection, amongst other factors. Beams can vary greatly in their geometry and composition. For instance, 2 beam may be straight or curved. It may be of constant cross section, or it may taper. It may be made entirely of the same material (homogeneous), or it may be composed of different materials (composite). Some of these things make analysis difficult, but many Seer The beam is originally straight, and any taper is slight the beam experiences only linear elastic deformation ey deflections are considered (max deflection 1 © (allowable stress) or the serviceability limit state (de iderations among others) may govern the minimum dimens ng a steel frame to hold a glaze soak oiateyart Reacts Ooi Scanned with CamScanner4a, (at center) 4, ily Distributed pers eee R, = V, (max whena 0) V, (when x > aand < (a+6)) . Scanned with CamScannerM, (when x < a) M, (when x > a) - 4, (when x < a) 2, 13 = ee eta) Ry=V,- V, (when x aand <(a+b)) .. . V, (whens >) =. Maar whe b) Mya (at point of load) M, (when x b) V, (when x > aand <(€-6) . 1M, (max when a > b) M; (max whena aand <(€-b). . » My (max when Ry < R). M, (max when Ry < P,) M, (whens aand <(€-B)). . . = Rx RGr= a) Scanned with CamScannerToad at Any Point Rev Maus (at fixed end) - M, (when x > a) Bun at foe end) 4, (ar point offload). - 1, (when x < a). 4, (when x >a). Scanned with CamScannerR=V; Ma (at fixed end) M, (ac point of food) (winx < 9) a, (shenx> $} bale aq an) 4, (sens < Scanned with CamScannerRae 1M, (atpoint ofload) M, (ached end) ss M, (when x a)... sufohee «aes we en) 4, (ac point of lad) 4, (when x 9) = Pee 100 ate 20 inet - Uniformly Distributed Load trata Siew aunt Bene ui -20 Fle-ay aie ME Scanned with CamScannerwll = 03208 ie DET Se es 3) no wate (gr _ 2) i " = Scanned with CamScanner4, (when x < a) A, when x > a). 4, Beam Overhanging Both Supports - Unequal Overhangs ~ Distributed Load V, (when x <0. « Vy (whena <<) « Scanned with CamScannerFixed at Both Ends - Concentrated Load at Center R=V Mau (at center and ends) Scanned with CamScanner(M, (max when a > b) M, at point of load) M, (when x < a) avira 8, (a poinc ofload) = 4, (when x < a) Continuous Beam - Two Equal Spans - Uniform Load on One Pa aaa Scanned with CamScannerM, (at suppor Ry) Continuous Beam - Two Equal Spans ~ Concentrated Load at Any Point = Er lse ales a) = Bee Hea) | Scanned with CamScannerBau (at 0.4215 6 approx. from Ry and Ry) - « Fcontinuous Beam - Two Equal Spans - Two Equal Concentrated Scanned with CamScannerBE +E) en =k Ru <= Beam = Two Unequal Spans Scanned with CamScanner51 Ca000 9+ Sa 244 (200(10*)( 2665 (104) Mee 22-167 wen Woy > wt. a2 + ee 12 MHD = 4 407 k/en Scanned with CamScannereA (200 DATA) 40-927 uty wh - Wp 40-4 - 1404 Scanned with CamScanneri woul 4B hoon AY VEMOY "i onteam } Scanned with CamScannerFor building columns, W shape having nominal depths of are commonly used. These sections being rather square in more efficient than others for carrying compressive loads. sections are more efficient as beams). Built-up sections are large structures for very heavy loads that cannot be supported individual rolled shapes. For bracing and compression members in trusses, single angle members are suitable. However, equal-leg ang] may be more economical than unequal-leg angles because their least radius of gyration are greater for the same steel area. For top chord members of bolted or welded roof trusses, a pair of angles (usually: unequal, with long legs back-to-back) are used with or without gusset plates. Structural tees may also be used as top chord members for welded roof trusses. EULER'S COLUNN BUCKLING THEORY Column design and analysis are based on the Euler buckling load theory (Leonard Euler, 1757). His analysis is based on the differential equation of the elastic curve. However, specific factors of safety and slenderness ratio limitations are applied from purely theoretical concepts. When a column is loaded to the buckling load or Euler load, a column will fail by sudden buckling or bending. If the column is hinged at both ends, the Euler critical load is gi Es. Pe And the Buler critical stress is: we HE Scanned with CamScanner|s and the member will fail by a combination of cru buckling and their behavior is said to be elastic. For long columns, the axial buckling stress usually remains below Proportional limit and the column will usually fail by buckling excessive lateral bending. The longer the column is, the greater its) tendency to buckle and the smaller load it will support. The tende of a member to buckle is usually measured by its slenderness rai which is defined as the ration of the length of the member to it: least radius of gyration. The greater the slenderness ratio, smaller will be the capacity of such column. NSCP Formulas for Axially Loaded Column when F< Ce (Short Column/Intermediate Column) On the gross section of axially loaded compression members whose sections meet with the provisions of the NSCP, when KL/r, the larg slenderness ratio of any unbraced segment is less than Gy # allowable stress is: Scanned with CamScanner€. - slenderness ratio which defines the limit between intermed column and long column E - modulus of elasticity of steel (200 000 MPa) F - yield stress of steel K - effective length factor F, - allowable compressive stre: P - allowable axial load (P = FA) A ~ cross sectional area of column se: a A sssresinn] ces | ovo] +2 | vo | 20 | 20 | Scanned with CamScannerL ~ unbraced length L/x - maximum slenderness ratio NSCP/AISC Specification 5 KL <= max effective slenderness ratio 1. wren !2< C, (short colunn/Interediate Column) h Bi an 5. 2020 | FS: (KL/r) (KL /r)? BC. acs 2. when “> ¢, (Long Column) = 12n?E DBKP Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner= 530.94 x 10° mm? 1597.74 x 10° mm? a. Compute the recommended value of slenderness stress b. Compute the allowable compressive stress c. Compute the allowable axial load Solution: a He rs ty x or (ae00 eet at a [28 (ate ww) = 9-1( 4008) ase 134. 87 a + Avena = fester fy - eng 2 = owed 7 ee 5 SOME) _ Cure)? “7 OE gems PE ea Cuenr). calle? eCizs- . fee eee eT 9G 2 (aaa)? 2Cieu 169? = Gee? | Yas 2 ace Erich ta A $3 274C13677-40) Scanned with CamScanner= 5.99 x 10° mt ~ = 100.33 mm 22.28 mm = 15.88 mm 68.66 mn = 11.43 mm a. Compute the minimum radius of gyration. b. Allowable compressive stress €. Allowable load of the column Solution: a: he 124 200 + 207 A= 12600) = 4000 mm? 10480 0 eee Ae = 2(e124.02) = yore came” Ye #2Cr M2 T1478 = eR BTM eae 04 om? A= bop shay 2268.04 7 < eocele) + meace.oa(2s") 7 = 04-79 mm a ely fe a -[e Scanned with CamScannerA eaaee- 04 1.Geves) mee It ce + HORT commu ter § + SGU 4 ae Tse > Ee rn © (126-\oqy® Fa eye)? 2 94: 34c (222ce-04) Scanned with CamScannerjorted compact section is 0.66%, ; 0.40F,. Allowable deflection is 1/360 o = 18 mm = 1511 x 10° mm = 200 GPa 1, Section modulus in mn’ 2. Maximum deflection of the beam in mm 3. Which of the following statements is true of the following: . Section is adequate for flexure only : Section is adequate for shear and deflection only - Section is adequate for deflection only d. Section is not adequate for shear, flexure and deflection Solution: Wer ounty = o.ue(ed) = ws. ue Hea Wy = emery = cae Cede) < ana Mey See ao He = Louw ceray le” = wap ul = Fe Moe ee Ceo) Ce) 2020 Yim “lea asa el arse (3 ay Te + 22 BEG m4 2217, gai tof mm oo Ze _serpauzo ae < "Re = Teac. 278 xipfom 2 = ie aa ee pan : fe +o tae Ue | a Tae. 21m = 1* toe (ce) Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerof the fillet is the most dangerous location of failure resulting area at the point is the smallest. Loads are ass e distributed longitudinally align the beam from the load ap point at a distance 2.5K for loads applied at the end and 2.5K « J side tor concentrated loads applied at a distance greater than d the end of the member as shown on the figure. Stress at the end of the member: R B+ TSK) § O68 Scanned with CamScannerConcentrated loads and end rea: ‘a beam unless the web is stiffened or the loads are spread over a large area of the flang Web crippling arises from high compressive stresses occurring in the vicinity of concentrated loads when applied to beams or beam bearing supports and reaction of the beam flanges at connection to columns. Bearing stiffeners shall be provided in the webs of members under concentrated loads when compressive force exceeds the following limits. ‘a. When the concentrated load is applied at a distance not less 4/2 from the end of the member Scanned with CamScannertrated load is applied le: NSCP Specs: If stiffeners are provided and extend at least one half the web depth the equations need not be checked. SIDEWAY WEB BUCKLING The web will be subjected to compression if a compressive force will be applied to braced the compression flanges as a result the tension flange will buckle. Scanned with CamScannerb. If the loaded flange is not restrained against rote ls is less than 1.7 Where: L ~ Largest laterally unbraced length along either flange at point of load, mm by ~ flange width, mm d. = d - 2k = web depth between web toes of fillet, mm distributed load. Scanned with CamScannera.d>a/2 R= rmautfisa(t)()] et te) |e b.d 200mm A = Tet = 58) mm - ee oe m2 (14-337 [ |, 36d (Ms - zaraiies oe) | F Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner2 larger area so 26 not to ex estar cacectal™ b. For plate covering less than full support Fy = 035f'c Where: £'c - specified compressive stress of concrete A, ~ area of the bearing plate ‘Ay - max area of the portion of the supporting surface geometrically symmetrical to and concentric with the Scanned with CamScannerGiniman width eF searing Piate ww a. Due to web yielding. Ae — vaspe A= BxXN R = end reaction a _. ROH = N+25K 0.66 Fy eee: O66 FY tw alt 0.66F ty b. Due to web yielding Note: Fy = F, if not specified Thickness of Bearing Plate Scanned with CamScannerfim & i Bending Stress: =i Allowable bending stress of bearing plate = 0.75 Fy Bere Bey = 2 Fr 3 fp n? e Scanned with CamScannerProperties of W 610 x 113 608 mn 228 mm 35.94 mn Determine the maximum end reaction due to bearing on wall , Determine the maximum end reaction due to web yielding | Determine the maximum end reaction due to bending stress of the flange Solution! A tps ost Be tA 56S = 72at (200228) re vy 350.372 vl Pee) e ww Car 2eyy Ss Wa (a0 FeeCarasy) = o-uety Scanned with CamScannerDetermine the maximum conditions Bearing on concrete wall Bearing of plate at distance K Allowable web yielding stress at n distance (n+2.5k) Solution Of soe He soar (2 era ue ba Sy Sea % a eng) [a ne amm me fe F242 pa Ree 2-982 (a00~200) =e | See re oe — weed ew Scanned with CamScanner2 PERIODIC EXAM 1. A built-up column consists of 2 W 460 x 68 connected by a 550 x 25 mm steel plate on the top flange of the section as shown. Use A 36 steel Fy = 248 MPa. The length of the column is 5.4m long and the ends are assumed to be fixed at one end and pinned at one end. PROPERTIES OF W 460 x 68 A = 8370 mm d= 459 am be = 154 mm te = 15.4 mm te = 9.10 mm 297x106 mut 9.41x106 mnt 184 mm 32.8 mm 200 GPa Determine the slenderness ratio along x axis Determine the slenderness ratio along y axis. Determine the capacity of the built-up column Scanned with CamScanner=[ eeocaey SSE + tol 222. 07) We82.104 210 ¢ om * PSieliows We ene. eae ‘wizi0 &-7¢<400) eoricrey Lescol, . lip mot y eravcin)? | TER: 204 10% maint We y+ fe ee 284 x1 ‘ ee £P4 = KC eT2 my [see HE onlsgor) | plies. aly Scanned with CamScanner2430)" 1 ag peer Cra te 4 2154. 2% sta) Scanned with CamScanner28 PERIODIC EXAM 2.A built-up section consists of s 150 x 26 and two channels © 380 x 74 having an effective length of 6m. The section is hinged connected at both ends. Use A 572 Grade steel and MSCP Specifications. Fy = 345.58 MPa. Properties of One Channel ¢ 380 x 74 9480 mm? = 281 mm 20.3 mm = 18.2 mm 168 x 106 mmé 4.6 x 10° mnt 133 mm 22 mm Properties of one S 150 x 26 slenderness ratio of the column section. allowable compressive axial stress. capacity of the column section. Scanned with CamScanner22210 = BCaewIs sequocra?) F ovate «Io ar aa eet nat = [ean ee 22210 ch = tuo) Ramnae «At ow cece) + cere ate, eee + SCo0.uer)? lace + 40-467)” PCioe-eeay 7 —Seeuel 42) eo oeT* Bane 2c? | 7 Scanned with CamScanner“Pion HTttes Scanned with CamScannerFOR AXIALLY LOADED commas steel columns are placed on some type of supporting member or by @ consrete Footing. A base plate ie necessary when e steel colunn terminates on any reinforced concrete footing to spread the high intensity of stress in the steel to a value that can be safely carried by the reinforced concrete footing. These base plates can be welded Gixectly te the columns by means of seme type of belted ex welded lug angles. For small columns these plates are usually shop-welded to the columns, bat for larger columns it is necessary to install the plates separately and eet them te correct position. The cclumne are then set and connected to the footing with anchor belts which pass through the jug angles which have been shop welded to the columns. The NSCE Specifications provides two allowable bearing pressures for concrete supports A. IE the entire concrete area A: is covered by the plate whose area isa fe 235. FE but < 0.7 Fre 0.35 £' fB but < 0.7 & The following stresses are racenmended by the NECP Specs. A. On sandetone and limestone: = 2.75 MPa B. Oa brick in cement mortar: B= 1.72 MPa €. On the full area of a concrete support: Fy = 0.35 fe D. On less than area of a concrete support: « fi pat < 0.7 er. ie £"_ = spscified compressive strength of concrate 1 concentrically bearing cn concrete support. JA; = maximum area of the porticn of the supporting surface that is geometrically similar to and concentric with the loaded area. In the design of columa bese plates, it is assumed that the colum load ie uniformly distributed within a rectangle whose dimensiones are 98% of the depth and 80% of the flange width of the column section and that the base plate to have a uniform bearing pressure on foundation. Scanned with CamScanner= Ge When the stresses are on the full area of concrete support P caste iz When the stresses in on less than full area of concrete support mi = area of base plate w= Jaro A = 0.5 (0.95d ~ 0.80be) Net upward bearing pressure §, 'p of base plate £m) (1) Scanned with CamScannerWhen n> m When n! > morn fate + Scanned with CamScannerPROBLEM 1 — RECTANGULAR BASE PLATE jan axially loaded w 250 x €9 column is supported on a 25 mm thick base plate having dimensions of 325 mm x 375 mm. The concrete pedestal on which the base plate is set 450 mm square. All steel is A 36, Fy = 250 MPa and f’c = 24.2 MPa. Properties of W 250 x 39 bf = 256mm d= 260 mm a. Determine the allowable bearing pressure on the concrete pedestal. . Find the maximum allowable axial load that this base plate can support based on allowable bearing pressure of concrete pedestal. ind the allowable axial load that this plate can support based on the bending etrength of the plate Scanned with CamScannerFe = teas tpn > toate rer z ae ek Wray (see x 7) = $220 — 9 eC aru) sea 40-10 som, S10 - 0:-40( 200) Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner3 beam is supported by mascnry wall with an allowable bearing stress of concrete Fp = 5.18 MPs. The beam reaction is 466 KN and the length of bearing N is limited to 15 Use A 36 stel Fy = 250 MPa. of W750 x 173 ne the width of bearing plate due to bearing strength of concrete wall. Determine the length of bearing plate due to web yielding. Determine the size of the bearing plate to support the beam. Scanned with CamScannerBURKE OF MAC Hath BME to wm ymlDis. OM ty - Me (as Bed Bee t8) + aye 000 CU 8 0 Cae) Ti ae Ut 13.20 © rae. Soy CER OF TE MMIIG FHA TOLAITORT AWE eat: a oe Scanned with CamScanner2. AW 50 8 li beam has che top flange weserasned ag ent and rotation has an unstiffened web. A d to the top flange at 2 m from one support. eA 36 steel with yield strength of Fy = 241 maximum value of point load that maybe applied elding occurring. maximum value of the point lcad which maybe applied crippling occurring. maximum value of the point lead which maybe applied sway web buckling occurring. Scanned with CamScannerwo Le oy] BE 7 “""()- at ae > tess [E> yess) wa SPOR LD OMT RE ATED Wino EOE cuky em Scemteus. WE lLoweD Hance 1c eicreAMND deanct emted 1 Ace e 2 fem tw” fe @2 55] Scanned with CamScanner+ 2let-en) 7. 22 mm eres C45)" ; Sr | Fe ceras Br ewe aL Scanned with CamScanner3*° PERIODIC EXAM 1.A square plate supports a W 250 x 167 column that supports an axial load of 3000 KN. The base plate is to be A 36 steel. The footing size (pile cap) is 2.50 m square. The compressive strength of concrete is f’c = 20.7 Mpa. Properties of W 250 x 167 - Determine the allowable bearing pressure of the pile cap. b. Determine the size of the square base plate. . Determine the thickness of the base plate. Scanned with CamScannerSA. Yea > 07 Fe = eda ia mer * 440 uy [Re Re oe] b SBE oF comers pace Mame: 3 Ge? ad S-000,006 a 1444, Rs dee cy wom WA oe x dee © NOMNEKS OF HE BME TATE 20 acd eo 20m) yoac(esd) = art ow Me a0. 238 wn ay t owe eB %5) + O80 Gout) = ArT om fe 12) roe mm Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerPERIODIC EXAM 2.A W410 x 74 is to be supported by a concrete wall having a thickness of 250 mm with f’c = 20.7 MPa. The beam reaction is 246 EN. Assume a 50 mm edge distance from the edge of the plate to the edge of the wall. All steel is A 36. Fy = 248 MPa. Distance from the outer of flange to the toe of fillet K = 33.27 mn Properties of W 410 x 74 a Bearing length “N” of the bearing plate due te web crippling. Required width of the bearing plate. Thickness of the bearing plate. Scanned with CamScannerSas Cw)? Dies esr] Poe tas Can)? Twey Us 138-631 9m Freeearte = ose (20.7) fe Ae sparg. ac: me? ete A Rew Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerHeiss Scanned with CamScannerI COMPUTE WE AbKIMUM NEA cariciy OF we Reor erecteicAMONS 1b. CMMUTE he £7@-u Ww b. ShEAPWIG STRESS AT TE JuicTioll of Wee AUD TIAIGE: Fe sulace? __s7alaa Plo) ww a T= cae a@ x10 % mm4 Scanned with CamScanner“CocHEARUIG STESC AT HEWIRAL Axle: = Sup (eX 200-6) + (204: (12 )(104-78) B= lew 2ee1-€ G42. ceo x10" (2) fie ¢e-790 Hea Scanned with CamScanner* DEERE TE MAKI steAeuG StREES wh THE REAM? , Ave (WE Mdocwnu BEUDWA SRE CE HE BEAM? “ ATi ty} ee uo ™ ee re) Pe uk je00 Meme = WA ~ 20-leaci0) Imone * ‘ Noa 108-40 KL Aveeige sttesmnic crmRce: 5 oe AE Am az0lto) tye 22-44 Mpa saying (REARIIC STERCS : G= hy © evlic C1047) + 20x00 (22) B= ToaeTt mm wee Mains RENDUIG oTESS us o 2 aa e Scanned with CamScannermuck wiote Cor) ANSE thier CA) e ree amjewurss Ctw) 70 woWmsur oF WERTALL.) textotan® SECT MODULYS LS<) SUE RIE ssouurtou= BY BEUDING Mae wit” e = 300 (2)" e Meteo ua m Me troxto%i-m Fe = Me = \co x10" cue L2Ae) Sx = atw-422 xto* Scanned with CamScanner= 100-48 + E404 obb by « ua.08 na Scanned with CamScannerSe aeetzmm > 20 mm CHOY CATE) Avousmig VerectId = ACS pe mm CG PRE RIPNOH oF THE Bel atecu tea eet Vo es.asCe) N= 207. 44 f -_2e7ead (ous) (0-04) fy = sai. 126 4a fy = eral Mpa fox = 0.400248) fan = 44-2 Mia Csavey a Doireeeroce ye WADEGUTE YOR WeHPtS Alla CaaS Scanned with CamScannerGG CMPRTE +E ame = AWE mA Ie A covirAct SECTION, Woe fee oul ry Scanned with CamScannerO-ul (248) = ae Cio)t 2 xio> S* 2.273m Bo crkciue Wp stpar coveRuC | 220 7 the A-2Uw) = 240-200) e = 220 = oy: 67 - 948. aes is Ty Tae 36-67 £63-3T ce Fy = 0-40 Fy v BES (0-40 z 0-40 Fy = van (240) 20 (wv) Ve 1a2ede U Me i2-ede eH N= Bos Scanned with CamScannercs "804 Lace wo) Ceenio®) Wree-cbe wl BUS = S%-4EL strom 0 Scanned with CamScannerFy = 240 tre & = 2006 p5 @ DeterMuIE F Race GL FLEMIEE, Fe OGohy bePereewiue Po ecck od stone, Fy - O-dbby. CO DETERYIE We AYPMOUAL Lie Leap BAC ON erbEctoll * Lue We CAMBER to Oey SET oe THE DedD LOAD: * S00 a VAWWe Of © BAseD Ob FLEXURE ® Wee Atut = lo. /m ee OP + lor) Revere es M= e(3) -PLVe)- te (3.00) M= (ve bx uaXS)- ve P = AraC MeCaeP sea) - Ve Pay 20 MWe 3P tance Scanned with CamScanner233-224 = or 4 ANIC Pe 30-34 ul VALE OF F Bich at sWeae! v Petes aed Ate Ve Ver red o-40( 248) =_V 240 (2) V= Iqaei2-eU Ve late £13 HE Veter res lav 813 = per tes = ca. 20a HL 60 suOWA MLE DEFLECTION = WC0O ue > te UT <. swt ed el 4 = ew (woos) Seal zco coo) C21) Wel! We 4d. 804 4/m Scanned with CamScannerWe 24 er 0: eportce Woy £7 0 00.4 Wai xe2 ©. Oxcueo wWiexa) 9: 200.4430 A WMC OF TRE FOLLOWS GWEC THE PEGMIFED cECTION MODs ? fb: Mallon OF TE FOLLOWING CIVEC WE REGUIFED MOMENT OF UNEETAZ, Co MANE OF THE TOLOWIG CES TRE Most EcoHOM Ica SECTION? Me ce2-c wim Sx = x¥2-E x0 O-ue( 240) Sx = a4sccea -S7E 0m Sx = 000243 m bb REaWIeED moWEnT ce MEET ALLOWABLE beEcTOU = — Seo Scanned with CamScannere-cverzep pres 2 So C001 C4 Em? 2 0-005430m2CuCT AEE) Mal 57 . xr t: evba00 ocr z Se O-0c1w 762 mF 2 :0-00345~ m> (HOT care) S = -0b1AUL 540 m3 6.003496 m* CHoT sare) Meee ees ia =o: 0004430, o-210 2 0: ODsuE IEE m3 > 0 ODB4S6 mn” CsArE) vce W 1x7) Ss rooSusies m4 > o-comcg m4 Scanned with CamScannerVue ABE WW MeneRO. skew MOWEMT OF WERT BEAM DEPTH W 20x 56 & coors4mt om W 21 xo2 © cvp r30 m * Wet xe 0-604 -Coocaam * ocean | O DETERMUIE ne MIAMUM “ECTIOH MoPMLUc Se, Itt m3, cucw ter AE Wexilid PLexieaL SteEcs ili Hot BE ExrEDED PO PERER ME WHE WRN MOMELT OF WERTIA Ie, wt m4, SCM THAT Re MOAMUM Peel ecto Witt uot BE FKCEEDED. & ASOAMG THAT cited rPEKc 1s HOT CeITIcAL WHICH OF tie seonoule BENG COLSIDERED Ic We Most EcpuUMICAL Sectiol ADECUATE Foe THE ove Loan. outro. A: HAMINANA echt MODULUS Se, nim’, SHC TRAT “Hie ACM MA LEA SRES WAL WOT BE Excee DED he Le & = S600 AY e Me cuteco um We cer xto mm yea Sx £67 x10" Wee oul (240) Sx = BAe 40% . 244 mm? Scanned with CamScannerReger cous oA Ce) OEM S= 000187 20-0034 T = e000C34 « 0-0004cq foe Ww nxees T= vo00¢30 m+ Beco. S =_p.000530(a) san = 00126 20-0034 Te 0-covrso 2 0-000ASe poe w2) «ee E = 0-o00ca2 A> oa S = _coovsaz (2) Samora: S= v-0025) < v.c034 T= c-00ce1s 4 o-evcare VL MERRFORE HOME oF We cecTION \¢ AVE CATE Scanned with CamScannerWADUIGT w/ FESrecr w me Mpa: Proreettes OF cArery oF 26 Ae a3c0 mm etic wee fe = wwxtotamt ly © 42x mm * d= 2% mm bE = 209 min ee mm @ DETERMINE mE g4-01c oe iF 7 AC ute ee ae sy = ®? (200 wo) (AC use)” Scanned with CamScannerinc = 2011-2 ae Fe coe ese wl Scanned with CamScanneram wink 2 TECIUE OF GarEty OF OF Blox As caNtEL = 780 nm? k= 6a xo! Wy = ox! x = amm be = mm Ty 21mm sounmton : ; a. DSMICE BACK TW BACK ob cHAUMEL. AO & AMHHELE® bey W= Cea) x10 ly = ise iY ly = Lexto’s croc)? 12 Weex! = ( exw" rere, 22 WaxIDe = oxo % req LK? Fs worden © ag organ be re 2enm be saan LECT + = PROPORTIONAL LMT Scanned with CamScannerLe 9193: euT am L = 4-780 COCARELOAD DF am LERGTA oF COLUM with © SARE 26: rx = [ea xioY e160 be = lod AE mm eet 4 GY 24000 Face ey a0 7C200 000) (27 c0r)* Pp =lee4-922 Wh ys04.€22 26 SARE LOAD = SAE LOKD > 634.047 KH Scanned with CamScannereM He SIEVE RUEES ATO COMUNE WE ALLOW LE Ac L STRESS. S MPUTE WE CAPCITY OF THE COLUM SECTION. ProPeettec OF wd U2 A = 26.200.¢5 om” 4 = aetrac nm bf = 523-60 mm Hh = 24.00 mm tw steel mo lx = Gee: 12r1o%mm4 ly = 25.00 xIo%mm* Se suowxio2mm” ‘Sy = \e4e. 20 xtoonm me 7 ito. An Ty = denn Aconwie kx = 0-70 $0F Jom Lous V9 FF acm ete D0 Yor tvfm LeleTH woul # J} sreuperaiece gene Kale = pte (Wo 000) = Too 12 C4s00) = e100 Det (ccu) = asco ¥xbx 1060 eso yy apse mesa. 6275726 > 40-012 fee since Scanned with CamScannerstale eae el _ Cayey a = eee ‘eps o£, Sl4e-82) __Cay-se)* @ Cems ~ ecieu. RS = 194q w= Ty - en)” 7 240 2tieuw-1? | V94q ta > 126.427 Mpg CF THE cOLIMH ceottol > Ava = ocaco- e& (128-487) Pr secv- es wl c: caracity Scanned with CamScanner4 = 4000 mm? 4-813.20 me bf = sos-se mm 4 sta mm woo ieam be = 2 xto% min? ly = ¢3 x mm4 2 (Sx F160D- BE x1o? MM Sy= £35 x\v>mm* he = Be ne ry = 74 9m GME WE PECOMMeUDED vaule OF cLENDEEUECS PATIO: be GMPIITE WE ALLOW spe aMPZb COW SIRES. C wnPUTe WE SOWIE AXLE LOkD P. Spuymtou: am <\eUlbERUEcS PATIO FL vel ae) . 4 u = = % Was Wea b awowsere compre SIRESS? Co = | atte Fy. Scanned with CamScanner“py Lee pecs ee Be. Cele Bcc fee Ee Seve? | (soca) 8 (leet) “g Cree-n)> es Fo. 1@8 2 ee {\- Gar) Ge Beas) {ee V3 Oee. 1 fa = 120: 699 Mra Beouswce Arte LOR: pt bra = 14 cool 120-688) be tee 282 Hl Scanned with CamScannerOe TRE WER, x -simm OUMNH) BRIGHT = Em- AND FACDE ve Lo BOT AMES. hE MICE xtc OF AME xebons Oe WE BEAT WT covuiMtil A CALCULATE We AKL cOMPRECCNE cTRRSE aR Fl CONCEUTEATED WoAD OF SOD AL coum Rererinite we: wanna welhic) 10g00 mm? Bo 8S a > 00 000 10e00 fe > 74-07 Bb MaIMUM BABLIDIIc ctcc My the OF 2 Yn seoM HE de: b= 2(c4 x04) b= tor c%mm4 Scanned with CamScanneri A ye L710" + c4oo (14)? [2 = 64-14 xto% mm* ye iieaeees v0 eo ry 260 Mpa Cenc SLEHDERHESS FATIO 06 st08) Co Scanned with CamScanner