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Lecture 9a

This document discusses infection control and safety measures. It begins by noting that infections are a leading cause of preventable hospital deaths each year, with around 2 million infections and 90,000 deaths annually. It then defines infection and describes types, signs and symptoms, and the infectious process. Risk factors and common microorganisms in hospitals are also outlined. The document emphasizes the importance of infection control programs and lists their key components and goals to prevent transmission and protect patients and staff. It concludes by describing standard safety measures and precautions that should be followed, such as hand hygiene, protective equipment, injection safety, and waste management.

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azmao2022
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11 views

Lecture 9a

This document discusses infection control and safety measures. It begins by noting that infections are a leading cause of preventable hospital deaths each year, with around 2 million infections and 90,000 deaths annually. It then defines infection and describes types, signs and symptoms, and the infectious process. Risk factors and common microorganisms in hospitals are also outlined. The document emphasizes the importance of infection control programs and lists their key components and goals to prevent transmission and protect patients and staff. It concludes by describing standard safety measures and precautions that should be followed, such as hand hygiene, protective equipment, injection safety, and waste management.

Uploaded by

azmao2022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 8

INFECTION CONTROL AND


SAFETY MEASURES

MD Abdirashid Abdi, Abaarso Tech Universit 21/7/2019


INTRODUCTION
• Infection is the one of the leading
causes of the preventable death in
hospitals every year. The center of
disease control and prevention
estimated that there are
approximately 2 million preventable
infections in the hospital every year,
leading to 90000 unnecessary
deaths.
DEFINITION OF
INFECTION
• An infection the entry
and multiplication of
an infectious agent in
tissues of host
TYPES OF INFECTION
1. Generalized or
systemic infection
2. Localized infection
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
OF INFECTION
1. Generalized or
systemic infection
2. Localized infection
CHAIN OF INFECTION
THE INFECTIOUS
PROCESS
COURSE OF INFECTION
BY STAGES
1. Incubation period
2. Prodromal stage
3. Illness stage
4. convalescene
INDIVIDUALS AT RISK
OF INFECTION
1. Medical staff
2. Clients
3. community
INFECTION RISK OR
PROBALITY
1. Immunity
2. Quantity of agent
3. Agent virulence
4. Duration of exposure
TYPES OF INFECTION
BASED ON SOURCE
1. Community acquired
infection
2. Hospital acquired
infection
DEFINITION OF HOSPITAL
ACQUIRED INFECTION
A hospital acquired infection is
usually one that first appeare
3 days after a patient is
admitted to a hospital or other
health facility
HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED
COMMON INFECTIONS
1. Urinary tract infections
2. Surgical wound infection
3. Respiratory tract infections
4. Catheter related blood
stream infections, etc
SOURCES OF HOSPITAL
ACQUIRED INFECTION
1. Endogenous
2. exogenous
RISK AREAS
1. Nurseries
2. ICU
3. Dialysis units
4. Transplant units

Continue…..
RISK AREAS
5. Emergency units
6. Oncology ward
7. Operation theatre
8. Delivery room
9. Post operative room
COMMON MICROORGANISMS
IN HOSPITAL/ICU
1. Staphylococcus aureus
2. Enterococcus
3. Pseudomonas
4. Klebsiella
5. E.coli
6. HIV
Continue…..
COMMON MICROORGANISMS
IN HOSPITAL/ICU
7. Hepatitis B
8. Hepatitis C
9. Cytomegalovirus
10. Candida
11. Protozoa
12. Mycobacterium
DEFINITION OF
INFECTION CONTROL
GOALS OF INFECTION
1. Immunization
2. Defining precausions
3. Restricting exposure
4. Protecting the patient and
medical staff
5. Reducing number of pathogens
6. Implementing high standard
IMPORTANCE OF
INFECTION CONTROL
1. Prevent post procedure infection
2. Provide High quality and safe services
3. Prevent infections in service providers
4. Protect the community
5. Prevent antibiotic resistance
6. Lower the cost of health care services
REGULATOR Y
AGENCIES
INFECTION CONTROL
PROGRAME

• Need for infection


control programs
FUNCTIONS OF INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAME

• Set relevant national objectives


• Develop and periodically update
guidelines
• Develop a national system for
monitoring
Continue…..
FUNCTIONS OF INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAME
• Harmonize initial and continue
training programs
• Facilitates access to materials of
hygiene and safety
• Encourage health care
establishments to monitor
nosocomial infections
COMPONETS OF INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAME
• Standard and additional precautions
• Education and training of health care
workers
• Protection of health care workers
(immunization)
• Identification of hazards and
minimizing risks Continue…..
COMPONETS OF INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAME
• Routine practices (asepsis)
• Effective work practices and procedures
• Surveillance
• Incident monitoring
• Outbreak investigation
• Infection control and specific situations
and
• research
ORGANIZATION OF AN INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAM
The hospital administrator/ head of
institute should-
• Establish an infection control
committee which will in turn
appoint an infection control team
• Provide adequate resources
INFECTION CONTROL
COMMITTEE
• Members
• functions
INFECTION CONTROL
TEAM

• Members
• functions
INFECTION CONTROL
MANUAL
• Containing rules, regulations
regarding patient care, waste
disposal and management,
instructions and practices
EDUCATION AND TRAING OF
HEALTH CARE STAFF
• Assess needs of the staff and
provide required training
• Organize regular training program
• Provide periodic re-training
• Review the effectiveness of
training
INFECTION CONTROL
MEASURES

BREAKING THE CHAIN OF


INFECTION
1. CONTROL OR ELIMINATION
OF INFECTIOUS AGENT

• Cleaning
• Asepsis
• Disinfection
• Sterilization
2. CONTROL OR ELIMINATION
OF RESSERVOIRS

• Employee health (immunization)


• Hospital environment
• Handling of linen
• Pest control
• Visitors control
3. CONTROL OF PORTAL
OF EXIT
• Practice Aseptic precautions
• Using Personal protective
equipment's
• Careful handing of waste
• Coughing etiquette
4. CONTROL OF
TRANSMISSION
• Contact precautions
• Droplet precautions
• Airborne precautions
• Vector control/Pest control
• Isolation
• hygienic cooking and handling of
food
5. CONTROL OF PORTAL
OF ENTRY
• Maintain skin integrity
• Preventing injuries/Bed sores
• Maintain frequent oral hygiene
• Closed dressing to wound
• Ensure patient hygiene
• Periodic changing of catheters
6. PROTECTING
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
• Encourage proper immunization
• Adequate nutrition
• Patient education
• Isolation / separate room
• Prophylactic antibiotics
STANDARD SAFETY
MESURES
DEFINITION OF STANDARD
SAFETY MEASURES
Set of practices designed to
prevent the transmission of
HIV, hepatitis B, and other
blood borne pathogens
(bacteria and viruses)
- CDC
STANDARD SAFETY
MEASURES / PRECAUTIONS
1. Hand hygiene
2. Personal protective equipment
3. Respiratory hygiene
4. Safe injection practice
5. Cleaning and disinfections
6. Safe handing of sharps
Continue…..
STANDARD SAFETY
MEASURES / PRECAUTIONS
7.Waste management
8.Linen or laundry management
9.Spill management
10.Pre and post prophylaxis 11.
Immunization
1. HAND HYGIENE
2. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENTS
3. RESPIRATORY HYGIENE
4. SAFE INJECTION
PRACTICE
5. CLEANING AND
DISINFECTION
6. SAFE HANDLING OF
SHARPS
7. WASTE MANAGEMENT
8. LINEN OR LAUNDRY
MANAGEMENT
9. SPILL MANAGEMENT
10. PROPHYLAXIS
11. IMMUNIZATION
ROLE OF NURSE

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